Wheat.-Table I. shows the figures for the yield of the current year compared with those of 1918 and with the average of the previous five years (1913-1917). For the group of countries indicated this year's yield therefore turns out 2.7 per cent below last year's, and 2.2 per cent above the average for the five years 1913-1917 in these countries. Rye. For this cereal the yield up to the present is given for Italy, Canada, and the United States. In Italy it is estimated at one million quintals or 752 per cent of last year's, and 79'1 per cent of the average for 1913-1917. For Canada the estimate is 2.2 million quintals, or 100'8 per cent of last year's crop, and 318 9 per cent of the average for the preceding five years. For the United States the estimate is 21.5 million quintals or 93.8 per cent of last year's crop and 169.2 per cent of the average yield for the five years 1913-1917. Barley.-Table II. figures show this year's crop compared with that of 1918 and w'th the average for the five previous years. This year an appreciable decrease appears in the yield as compared with 1918 for all these countries except Scotland and Japan. Compared with the five year average the yield this year is slightly in excess for the United States (2.4 per cent), and much more so for Canada (39.1 per cent), the latter increase being due to the greater area under crop in 1919. and 101'4 per cent of the average for the preceding five years. Rice. Only the United States figures are available for this crop, which is estimated at 8.9 million quintals of rough rice, or 107 4 per cent of the 1918 figure and 1410 per cent of the average of the five years 1913-1917. Linseed. In almost all the more important countries for the production of linseed a great decrease appears this year as compared with the yields of former years. The United States crop is estimated at 2.6 million quintals, or 69.6 per cent and 719 per cent of the 1918 figure and the average for the previous five years respectively. Still greater is the decrease in the yield for India, where the estimate stands at 2.3 million quintals, or 44'5 per cent and 48.8 per cent of the 1918 figure and the average for the five years 1913-1917 respectively. In Canada the yield of linseed is estimated at 21 million quintals or 1350 per cent of the 1918 crop and 82.5 per cent of the five-year average. In the case of the countries and the cereals for which official figures for the current year's crop are not yet available, the following reports are issued:-The condition of the cereal crops at the beginning of July was not altogether satisfactory in Great Britain and Ireland on account of cold winds which damaged the crops. At the beginning of August the condition was better for Ireland, but in England and Scotland the rains during July were not sufficient to bring about much improvement. In Italy, where the drought and variable temperature during June caused unequal ripening, the weather remained dry also during July, and favoured harvesting operations for wheat and other similar cereals, but badly deteriorated the maize crop in some provinces. In the Netherlands rains during Average for July were beneficial to the cereal crops, and in Sweden at the beginning of August the condition of the crops was reported to be satisfactory. Oats.-Table III. is the data for those countries which have up to the present supplied figures of yield for the current year. Percentage of 1919 yield 1918. 1913-1917. 104'4 88.8 94'4 102'0 84.2 118.9 The notable decrease in the yield for the current year as compared with 1918, and with the average for the five preceding years for Scotland, Italy, and still more for the United States, which is by far the most important producing country for this crop, cannot be counteracted by the larger estimates that are now being made of the Canadian crop. Maize. For this crop the figures of yield are known only for countries in North America. In Canada the yield is estimated at 2 6 million quintals or 73'5 per cent of the 1918 yield, and 88-4 per cent of the average for the five years 1913-1917. The United States crop is estimated at 708 2 million quintals, or 107'9 per cent of that in 1918, The potato crops at August I were in good condition in Sweden and Ireland, where a good yield is expected, but in England, Scotland, and Italy the plants suffered from want of rain. In the United States the yield is estimated at 106.4 million quintals of potatoes, or 97'7 per cent of the 1918 figure and 106 8 per cent of the average for 1913-1917, while in Canada the yield is estimated at 27'4 million quintals, or 96.3 per cent and 135'9 per cent of last year's crop and the average of the preceding five years respectively. Sugar beets were in good condition in Sweden but much below normal in the United States, where, however, in consequence of an increased area under the crop, the yield of this year, which is estimated at 63.1 million quintals, is 18.2 per cent greater than that of last year and 17 per cent greater than the five-year average (1913-1917). The cotton crop at August 1, 1919, was in a condition below normal, while at the same time in the United States a fair decrease was reported in the area under the crop. The yield, which is estimated at 23.8 million quintals, amounts to 914 per cent of the 1918 figure and 83.4 per cent of the average for the preceding five years. For vines the season up to the present has been favourable in Italy, but in some provinces attacks of mildew are reported. For tobacco the yield of the United States is estimated at 61 million quintals, or 99.6 per cent and 122.3 per cent of last year's crop and of the average of the preceding five years respectively. The agricultural section of the Bulletin concludes with a table on seri-culture in 1919 which shows the production of cocoons in Italy to be estimated at 25 million kilogrms., much below the production in 1918 (84.7 per cent) and still further below the average of the five years 1913-1917 (699 per cent). In Japan the production of spring and summer cocoons is estimated at 147.7 million kilogrms. this year, which is below the corresponding production in 1918 (957 per cent), but higher than the average for the five years (115°2 per cent). Rome, August 23, 1919. NEWS BOARD OF TRADE ANNOUNCEMENTS. IMPORT RESTRICTIONS. WITH reference to the Prime Minister's statement in Parliament on Monday, August 18, on the subject of Trade Policy the Board of Trade make the following announcement as to the steps which are proposed in connection with imports of goods from abroad. Legislation will be introduced when Parliament reassembles in the autumn : (a) For the protection of goods manufactured in Great Britain and Ireland against Dumping, by taking power to prevent the sale in this country of similar goods beneath their price in the country of origin. (b) To enable the Board of Trade to check any flood of imports (for instance from Germany) that might arise from a collapse of exchange so disproportionate to cost of production in the country of origin as to enable sales to take place in this country at prices altogether below costs of production here. (c) To deal with unstable "Key" Industries in the following way :— A limited number of unstable "Key" industries will be scheduled, the products of which will be prohibited from importation into this country except on licence. Pending legislation, a general licence under the Prohibition of Import Proclamations will be issued by the Board of Trade having effect as from September 1, 1919, and authorising the importation into the United Kingdom of all goods with the exception of those in the following list, which will be treated as unstable "Key" Industries: 1. All derivatives of coar-tar generally known as intermediate products capable of being used or adopted for use as dyestuffs, or of being modified or further manufactured into dyestuffs. All direct cotton colours, all union colours, all acid colours, all chrome and mordant colours, all alizarine colours, all basic colours, all sulphide colours, all vat colours (including synthetic indigo), all oil, spirit, and wax colours, all lake colours, and any other synthetic colour, dyes, stains, colour acids, colour lakes, leuco acids, leuco bases whether in paste, powder, solution, or any other form. 2. i. Synthetic drugs (including antiseptics). ii. Synthetic perfumes and flavourings; synthetic photographic chemicals; synthetic tannins ; esters and acid derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons; alkaloids and their salts (except quinine); and the following organic chemicals:Acetamide; acetic acid; acetic anhydride; acetyl chloride; camphor bromide; cinnamic acid and its salts; ethylene bromide; formamide; formic acid and its salts; gallic acid; lactic acid and its salts; nuclein; paraldehyde; pyrogallic acid; saccharine or other substances of like nature or use; salicin; thymol. iii. Analytical reagents; and the following fine chemicals:-Barium compounds; cerium fluoride and fluorides of other rare earth metals; hydrosulphites and allied bleaching compounds; hypophosphorus acids; iron and ammonium citrate; iron tartrate; molybdic acid and its salts: phosphorous oxides and halogen compounds; salts of per acids and artificial peroxides; silver nucleinate and proteinate; tungstic acid and its salts. 3. Optical glass, including lenses, prisms, and like optical devices. 4. Scientific glassware. 5. Illuminating glassware. 6. Laboratory porcelain. 7. Scientific and optical instruments. 8. Potassium compounds. 9. Tungsten powder and ferro-tungsten. 10. Zinc oxide. II. Lithopone. 12. Thorium nitrate. 13. Gas mantles and mantle rings. 14. Magnetos. 15. Hosiery needles, latch. 16. Gauges. In addition to the above, in pursuance of the undertaking given by the President of the Board of Agriculture in the House of Lords on March 19, 1919, the prohibition on the importation of hops will be continued for the present. It is not proposed to make any addition to the above list unless and until Parliament so determine, with the possible exception that in the event of the contingency foreshadowed in paragraph (b) above arising it might be necessary to suspend temporarily all or any of the imports from the country affected by the collapse of exchange. The Board of Trade understand that the notice issued by them to the Press on August 22 with referenc to the interim administration of the Government's Key industry policy has led to some misapprehension. tion of Import Proclamations is to be issued to cover all goods with the exception of those set out in the list of Key Pending legislation a general licence under the Prohibi industries. In the case of kerosene and benzine (including white spirit), gas oil, and fuel oil, this general licence refers to total quantity of import, and does not affect the agreement entered into by the Government to limit the number of importing firms for the period of the existence of the Pool Board, and nine months thereafter to those firms which co-operated with the Government to form the Pool Board, as a result of which the community received material benefits. The termination of the war organisation of the Pool Board as from January 31, 1919, was announced in the Press on January 2, 1919. The nine months period which has to elapse before other firms are allowed to import does not therefore expire until October 31, 1919. Further, it should be noted that, in accordance with the provisions of Article 295 of the Peace Treaty, which requires all the parties to the Treaty to adopt the International Opium Convention, the importation of opium and cocaine except under Home Office licence remains probibited. NOTES. INSTITUTE OF METALS.-An important addition has just been made to the list of papers that are to be presented at the annual autumn meeting of the Institute of Metals in Sheffield on Wednesday and Thursday, September 24 and 25. As originally published, the list included nine papers; there are now ten, the latest communication being a note by an American metallurgical engineer, Dr. Zay Jeffries, of Cleveland, Ohio, on "The MicroMechanism of the Ageing of Duralumin," a subject of great practical interest to all concerned with the working or use of an aluminium alloy that has played a vastly important part in aeronautical engineering during the war. Dr. Jeffries has come over in this country in order to be able to present his communication in person to the Institute at its Sheffield meeting, at which a record attendance of home and overseas members is assured. Copies of the note are now in the press and will be forwarded to all members and applicants for membership upon application being made to Mr. G. Shaw Scott, M.Sc., Secretary, Institute of Metals, 36, Victoria Street, S.W. 1, from whom also there can be obtained membership forms providing (in the event of success in the forthcoming ballot) for election in time for participation in the whole round of unique technical and social functions at Sheffield in cases where these forms are returned not later than noon on Wednesday next, September 10. THE President of the Board of Trade has appointed Mr. W. J. Hands, O.B.E., to be Controller of the Profiteering Act Department. All communications in connection with the administration of the Act should be addressed to the Controller, Profiteering Act Department, 1, Queen Anne's Gate Buildings, Westminster, S. W. 1. Telegraphic address: Profactdep, Vic., London). OPENING OF ATHENS EXHIBITION.-His Majesty King Alexander of Greece has graciously consented to open the Exhibition of British Manufactures organised by the Federation of British Industries in Athens. The exact Sept. 5, 1919 Consulting and Analytical Chemist is prepared to take one or two PREMIUM PUPILS in either his Official or Private Laboratory.-Applicants, by letter, to M. A., 3, Caroline Place, W.C. 1, will receive conditions and terms. B. as Sc. (Vict.), 1919, desires Position Assistant Chemist in Lancashire. Degree subjects: Chemistry and Botany, with Zoology (inter.). Some Works experience CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, Lon(during vacations), Nitric and Sulphuric Acids.-Address, Miss V., don, E.C. 4. Chemist, three years' experience in large Tar Products Works before taking active service, now demobilised, desires Employment in London or the Provinces.-Address, T. T., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. date that will fit in with His Majesty's engagements is not yet known, but it is expected that it will be Sunday, October 19. This will be the public "gala" opening, but the exhibits will be arranged and the Exhibition open to Chemist, recently demobilised, three years' trade visitors on the date already fixed October 13 (October 1 O.S). Apart from business the exhibition promises to be the great social event of the Athens season. Nothing approaching the Exhibition in importance and Technical College training and one year's Works experience, desires to communicate with firms as to suitable Appointment.-Address, O. C., CHEMICAL NEWs Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. size has ever been held in Greece, and its novelty, Chemist, together with the high patronage it is receiving, will make it the daily meeting place of Greek society. This will have its due effect on the business side of the Exhibition and will add greatly to the opportunities of exhibitors for making acquaintances and friendships valuable in the future. SOCIETY OF LEATHER TRADES' CHEMISTS.-In view of 26, demobilised, B.Sc. B.Sc. Hons. (Lond.), and knowledge of Bacteriology, seeks Employment in London.-Address, "C 26," CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Int nter. B.Sc. (Boy, 18) desires Employment as Laboratory Assistant in any branch of Chemistry. North London preferred.-Address, A. F., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. preferably in or near London. B.Sc. Hons. in Chemistry. Three years' Analytical experience.-Address, S M. K., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. the very important business to be transacted at the forth-Lady Chemist (25) desires change of post, coming Paris Conference it is hoped that as many members of the Society will be present as possible. The future well-being of the Society very largely depends on this Conference, which is to be held in Paris on Monday and Tuesday, September 22 and 23. Passports will be required for the journey, and early application should be made through Messrs. T. Cook and Sons, or your bankers. It will be necessary to obtain the visa of the French Consulate in London. It is hope to obtain facilities from the Board of Trade for this to be done en bloc, but if this should not be possible, then personal attendance at the TALIAN FIRM, dealing in CHEMICALS, in order to increase Wholesale Trade (especially products for Industry), desires to get connected with first-class British Commission Agent in a position to give keen quotations directly from Makers or Importers. Disposed to make arrangements for Sole Agency after trial period.-Write full particulars, indicating references, to "Boffa," Casella Postale 230, Torino, Italy. French Consulate will be required, and a day must be The Proprietors of PATENTS Nos. 101973 allowed for this purpose. Those members who intend to be present should at once send in their names to the Hon. Sec., Mr. Stanley Hirst, 43, Woodbridge Road, Knowle, Bristol, from whom particulars of botel accommodation in Paris can be obtained. and 126039, Edited by AND JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE James H. Gardiner, F.C.S. Established ] (WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE “CHEMICAL GAZETTE"). [in the year 1859. I Published Weekly. Annual Subscription, free by post 1 Entered at the New York Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. Transmissible through the Post-United Kingdom, at Newspaper rate; Canada and Newfoundland, at Magazine rate. Vol. 119.-No. 3:00. [Copyright Friday, September 12, 1919. reserved. Registered as PRICE 4d. STUDENTS' NUMBER. H. K. LEWIS & CO., Ltd., CONTENTS. SCHOOLS OF CHEMISTRY: PAGE University of London-University of Oxford-University of Cam- 121 BOOKSELLERS. SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL. ORDERS by POST or TELEPHONE promptly executed. Telegrams: CAPPER PASS & SON, Lim., PUBLICAVIT, EUSROAD," 136, Gower St., LONDON." MUSEUM 1072. London, W.C.1. INSTITUTE of CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. QUALIFICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONAL CHEMISTS. Regulations for the Admission of Students, Associates, and Examination Papers.-Annual Sets, 6d. each (by post 7d). APPOINTMENTS REGISTER.-A Register of Fellows and Associates of the Institute of Chemistry who are available for Appointments is kept at the Office of the Institute. All communications to be addressed to THE REGISTRAR, The Insti tute of Chemistry, 30, Russell Square, London, W.C. 1. T. TYRER & CO., Ltd., Stirling Chemical Works, STRATFORD, LONDON, E. OHEMICALS for Analysis, Research, and Technical purposes. TECHNICAL EXPERIMENTS carried out on a MANUFACTURING SCALE. Inquiries solicited from INVENTORS and PATENTEES (especial.y Foreign) under the New Act, 1906. CHEMICAL APPARATUS Pure Chemicals for Research Work. JOHN J. CRIFFIN & SONS, LTD., KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C STRONTIUM SULPHATE (Average sp. gr. 3'95). THE BRISTOL MINERAL and LAND Sept. 12, 1919 nalytical Chemist seeks Appointment, home or abroad. Eighteen years' Factory and Laboratory experience. Knows four languages.-Address, Arthur Peake, care of G. H. Ogston and Moore, 87-89, Aldgate High Street, E. 1. COMPANY, LTD., are Owners of large deposits, and invite Assistant Chemist (21) seeks Situation in any enquiries. Address, Carlton Chambers, Baldwin Street, Bristol, England. MICA Telephone No. 38, Telephone. branch of Chemistry. Sound Technical training. Five years' Analytical experience in Feeding-stuffs, Fertilisers, T.N.T., Acids, Coal-tar Products, Sugar, Starch Products, &c.-Address, H. E. J., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C.4. Assistant required in Works Analytical Laboratory, S. W. district, with experience of general and Pharmaceutical Products preferred. Write full particulars.-Address, "S. W. 11," CHEMICAL NEWs Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. B.Sc. (Vict.), 1919, desires Position as Assistant Chemist in Lancashire. Degree subjects: Chemistry and Botany, with Zoology (inter.). Some Works experience (during vacations), Nitric and Sulphuric Acids.-Address, Miss V., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Chemist, three years' experience in large Tar Products Works before taking active service, now demobilised, desires Employment in London or the Provinces.-Address, T. T,, CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street. London, E.C. 4. Chemist, recently demobilised, three years' Technical College training and one year's Works experience, desires to communicate with firms as to suitable Appointment.-Address, O. C., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Chemist, 26, demobilised, B.Sc. Hons. (Lond.), and knowledge of Bacteriology, seeks Employment in London.-Address, "C 26," CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Energetic Managing Director, small Colour, Paint, and Chemical manufacturing business near London, requires the services of a capable Young Man. Applicants should be under 30, qualified Works Chemist with business experience, capable of controlling small staff (manufacturing and counting-house). Only hard workers, with an aptitude for handling detail methodically and efficiently, should apply. Salary £250 and commission, with prospects of in time becoming General Manager. State qualifications and experience and send copies of testimonials.-Address, E. M. D., CHEMICAL NEWS Office. 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Inter. B.Sc. (Boy, 18) desires Employment as Laboratory Assistant in any branch of Chemistry. North London preferred. Address, A. F.. CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Lady Chemist (25) desires change of post, preferably in or near London. B.Sc. Hons. in Chemistry. Three years' Analytical experience.-Address, S. M. K., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Young Chemist (Inter. B.Sc.), ex-service man, desires a Position as Assistant in Laboratory or Works Factory. Good references.-Address, Y. C., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. |