CONTENTS. ORIGIN OF SCHOLASTIC PHILOSOPHY. NATURE of the Inquiry proposed, the force of Theory on Theo- logical language-the Scholastic Philosophy an important branch of this General Inquiry-its connexion with the philosophy of Aristotle Neglect of consideration of its influence in comparison with that of Platonism-the greater extent of its influence-its The Scholastic Philosophy the result of a struggle between Reason and Authority-its history to be traced to the ascendancy of the Latin Clergy-contrast between the Greek and Latin Fathers-Practical character of the Latins exemplified in their leading men-strict correspondence sustained among them-Con- trast of state of Society in the East and the West-Civil disturb- ance and misery of the West favourable to the power of the Latin Church-Rhetorical character of the Latin theological writers- Fruitless attempt of Jerome to improve the Latin literature of his time-Monastic Institutions of the West less enthusiastic than those of the East-Origin of the Scholastic System more deve- loped in the progress of the Church, after the middle of the Vth century. The principle of liberty of reason which had led to the power of the Church, operating within the Church, leads at once to heresy and ecclesiastical coercion-Extent of jurisdiction over opinion claimed by the Latin Clergy evidenced in the predes- tinarian Controversy of the IXth century-Subsequent history a continuance of the struggle between Reason and Authority in the West. Subjugation of the intellect leads to its insurrection— Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas, perfect the method established-Success of Scholasticism owing to its combination of FORMATION OF THE SCHOLASTIC THEOLOGY. GENERAL statement of the evil of a Logical Theology-The Church sanctions the use of Logic only as an art of defence- Platonism the established Philosophy of the Church-An art of Logic indispensable to the speculating Christian in the West- Division of the Sciences in the middle age-Tendency of the age to blend all into a metaphysical Logic, or Dialect-Logic perverted into a Science of Investigation-Obstructions to the real improvement of Logic-Ignorance of Aristotle's writings in themselves-Importance of the writings of Boethius-Effect of the Crusades in opening fresh sources of knowledge-Progress of Scholasticism illustrated in the division of parties into Nomi- nalists and Realists-Triumph of Realism. Realism, the scientific basis of Scholasticism-Nominalism, the resource of the more liberal speculators-Opposition between Duns Scotus and Ockam-Ascendancy of a Logical Philosophy evidenced in the subsequent state of knowledge. Theology erected into an exact demonstrative Science-its Principles drawn from the incomprehensible nature of the Divine Being-Regard to Authority maintained, by assigning Faith as the preliminary to the whole Speculation-Aristotle's Philosophy applied as a method of eliciting the Divine truths involved in the Scripture This resulted in a combination of the Ideal Theory of Platonism with the Sensualism of Aristotle's Philosophy- Logic the instrument in effecting this result-Union of Mysticism and Argumentation in the Scholastic writings-Abuse by the Schoolmen of the disputatious form of Aristotle's writings. Fundamental errors of Scholastic Theology, 1. its neglect of the Historical Nature of the Christian Scriptures-consequent loss of the real instruction contained in them-2. their Rhetorical nature also overlooked in an exclusive attention to the mere words of revelation-3. their Ethical lessons also disparaged in LECTURE III. p. 97. THE TRINITARIAN CONTROVERSIES. QUESTIONS On the Trinity naturally the first to engage the Illustration of the doctrine of the Incarnation from the prin- Application of this philosophy in the Controversies on the General practical reflections-Difficulties on the subject of the LECTURE IV. p. 153. THE PELAGIAN CONTROVERSIES.-PREDESTINATION AND GRACE. SCHOLASTIC nature of controversies relative to Divine and Hu- Scholastic notion of Grace as the effect of Predestination, both Practical reflections-Truths of Grace and Predestination con- LECTURE V. p. 207. THE PELAGIAN CONTROVERSIES.-JUSTIFICATION. TRUTHS of Divine and Human Agency necessarily qualify each Inefficacy of Repentance to remove guilt, and need of Atone- |