Hift. Critique.
P. 41.

Voyage du M.

e. ij.

Hen. Hilar. in

T. p. 124.

T. p. 123. type; then Priests, are real Chrift, whofe Types they are. Next thefe words, to wit Tranfubftantiation, came in fo odly, as, fuppofing all the words foregoing were Gennadius his, thefe feem to be a meer Scholion or note of Meletius his, and not his; and they feem added very improperly; for amoréλesua, the Effect, or end, or defign, or (if you pleale) perfection, of both Sacrifices, relate purely to us, and muft be fome Diviner and more Spiritual thing then Tranfubftantiation, to wit, remission of Sins. We find the Word μεταOrat. p. 34. oia, Tranfubftance, in Chytraus as put in by Shinco Arch-Bishop of Prague, into his Edict against the Wicklefians; but whether the word was Chytraus his own or really in Sbinco's Edict, I cannot fay; and I believe I could tell where the very word merecíaois is ufed in a MS. long before this, by a notorious. Apoftate Greek; but let it be used first when it will, it plainly came from the Roman forge; and we fee Jeremias would not ufc it, though he feems not a little aw'd by the Latin Faction. As for Gabriel Severus the fame Author affures us, that he had Studied at Padua, where he had Learned Scholaftick Divinity, whofe Terms he used in his Books, and the Author of the French Edition of Dandini juftly calls his works, un melange de la Theologie des Grecs & Liban. preface.des Latins, pour avoir voulu fuivre la methode de ces derniers; a Gallimaufry or Jumble of the Greeks and Latins Divinity, or, with a defire to follow the Method of the latter. He was made Metropolite of Philadelphia, but her nounced that place ob res accifas, faith my Author, for fome pressures which fell Chron. 425. upon him (1 fancy for being a Mongrel Divine, and in this Point appearing a bare faced Mctufiaft,) and went to be Bishop of the Greek Church at Venice, where he could Apoftatize from his own Church in this Point, more fecurely; he had the Auguftan Confeffion deliver'd to him at the fame time that Jeremias had it, but he was for Flying higher than the Patriarch would allow, and that might be one Prefat. I.iij.b. reafon which made Philadelphia too hot for him. Yet R. Simon and others would fain make us believe, that he did not make the Greek word erroíwors, from the Latin word Tranfubftantiatio, but from the naked Senfe of the thing it felf; Now I would fain know whether Gabriel or any other Greek, would have pitcht upon the word μT8olors, if they had never read nor heard of the word Tranfubftantiation? And what fome fay, that uerborn, Metaπoinors, μεταβολή, μεταποίησις, Changing and Altering, and other the like words, ufed by the Antient Greeks, do fignify the very fame thing that Metroíwors, Tranfubftantiation does, is fuch a hardy Assertion as I wonder how any Man of Senfe and Integrity can admit it. Many Learned and Good Men do own a real Prefence of the Body, and Blood of Chrift, but they would never venture to determine any Mode or manner how it is; And R. Simon takes notice, that the very Council of Trent it felf, was to feek for Words how they might exprefs it; And yet their Schoolmen faucily contradict them, by impudently pretending to tell us in exprefs Terms the very Nice, Critical, Exact way how it is done. Is there no other rational nor folid account to be given of this Propofition, the Bread is changed into, or made, the Body of Christ, but we must stick to this one Abfurd and Monftrous dream of a doting Pafchafius, or a giddy-headed Humbert, the very Subftance of the Bread is quite gone, and the very Subftance of Chrift's Body and Blood and Bones is entirely there in its place, under only the Accidents of it, for this is the avowed Tranfubftantiation of the Latins as hath been faid; whereas the real Change is not in the Bread, but in the Ef §. p. 56,57,58 fect upon us, as hath before been proved. Next to Gabriel Severus, I find this Meletius and Agapius placed with him, in the firft Claffis of the late Prefat. inGabr. Greek Metufiafts, by their Patron R. Simon. Agapius was a poor Bigotted ut fupra Cretian Monk; and he hath heaped up a parcel of fpecial Miracles to confirm a part 2. this his Monftrous Doctrine; for my part I fhall not wonder that this Cretian could affert Tranfubftantiation, who fo confidently tells us fuch meer old Wifes fables to fupport it; and fo I fhall leave him to St. Paul's Character of his NaVoyage du M. tion. As for Meletius that ingenious Editor of Dandini, tells us, that he Liban. Prefac. ... must avow that this Oriental Theology ows the greater part of his work

P. 136.

P. 116.

Αμαρτωλών

c. 15.

Tit. 1. 12.

e.

ij. b.

to

to Bellarmine and others of the Latins; and that, excepting fome pecu- T. p. 124. liar fentiments of the Greek Church, the reft of it is a meer abridgment

ibid. e. iiij.

Sev. p. Penult.

of them. And a little before he gives this juft Character of all the Greeks, ibid. e. ij. who have Studied in Italy, (qu'ils ont en quelque facon degeneré &c.) that they have in fome manner Degenerated from their Antient Simplicity, nicely to follow the method of the Latin Divines, and that they Copy out their Books; and at laft he honestly speaks this great Truth, qu'on peut bien mieux apprendre la Creance de l'Eglife Orientale de ceux qui n'ont eu aucune commercè avec nous, one may much better apprehend what the Eastern Church belief is from those who never have had any Commerce with the Latins, I will put it generally, with the Weft; for I muft freely declare my own Judgment, that as to this Dogma of Tranfubftantiation, I fhall never in the leaft value the Authorities for it, of any Eastern Writer who have converfed with the Latins either abroad or at home; nor of thofe against it, who have lived or converfed with Proteftants. And therefore I fhall appeal only to the old Writers and T. p. 125. the Antient Liturgies of both the Eaft and Weft, which were extant before this new Doctrine was trumpt up, and fuch as were never under the College of Cardinals File. And therefore what that great Man R. Simon faith, as fome Evi- Prefat. inGabr. dence for his Caufe, that the Greeks which read the Latins Books were convinced by them of the Truth of their Dogma, we may as juftly fay of thofe who have read our Books and wrote for us, that they were as much convinc'd by them; yet he is pleafed to call them, Græculos, Greeklins, Rabulas, Scoundrels and the like, and their Doctrine, puram putam Proteftantium, puré exact P. 140. a. Proteftant stuff; and the Men themfelves, totos in Calvinum transformatos, p. 112. b. throughly transformed into Calvin; may not we as well fay of his Authors, totos in Latinos Tranfubftantiatos, they are as thoroughly Tranfubftantiated into Latins; For my part I cannot cafily think otherwife of the great Abraham Echellenfis and Gabriel Sionita. Nay, R. Simon fhews how they fuffi- p. 198. 199. ciently traduced one another, as Men of no great Sincerity or Honesty. They 11.118.a. both gaped, faith he, at Le Jay's Money, and fo fell out about it. I fancy that Money and Preferment from other hands might as eafily feduce them. Neither was their Skill fo profound in their own Language and Books, but this learned Rabbin could and did correct them. Therefore as to Cyril Lucar's Te ftimony for us in this Point, I fhall at prefent fet it afide; but I can by no means pafs by his barbarous usage and tragical end, becaule it fets forth to the Life the Latins way of Propagating their Faith in the Eaft, and the Jefuits abominable Villainies in carrying it on. Cyril's Story is fo well known, being Hen. Hilar. fet down at large by feveral Authors, as I need not here repeat it; but the Chron. p. 444· Smith Hiftoire Critique hath flubber'd it over very briefly, and I fhall only make fome Regen valle remarks upon what that Author himself lead me to, and owns as Truth; it is Narratio Hift. plain that only the Jefuits and the Court of Rome created him all his trou- Myfter. Jefuis. bles; for faith He, the Jefuits made a loud cry, that Cyril was an Here- Veielius. Hottick, and they acquainted the Jefuits at Paris, and the King of France with it; and by this Cry, and their other common Art, (their teaching Children gratis) they gain'd (the Mob) the poor Greeks, by faving them their expence of Schooling; fo Cyril was depofed and Banished to Rhodes, and another Patriarch was Elected, who had fubmitted himself by letters to the Court of Rome, which had fupported his Election. All this he owns, but fay nothing of the 20000 Dollars (about 5000 Pounds) by which the Jefuits and the Pope had pro- H. Hilar. ex cur'd his Banishment, and fettled their own Creatures in his Room. By this single Allatio p. 465. Inftance, I cannot but fufpect that at least many of the chief Promotions in the Greek Church, ever fince that time, have been managed by Monies and Interest from the same hands. The Turks are always in the taking hand, and are apt to clofe with the fairest bidders, fo that the longest purfe moft commonly prevail. But more of that afterwards. He goes on, not long after, Cyril P. 55. by Money from the Hollanders was re-established in the Patriarchate. Now. the Jefuits had fet up a Mercate with the Turks, no doubt it cost Cyril and

his

P. 90.

Appendice ad

tinger.

P. 54.

p. cad.

It fol

T. p. 126. his Friends a vaft Summ; 'tis faid, 60000 Dollars, or 15000 pounds; one would think it had been enough to beggar the whole Greek Church. lows the Jefuits and Court of Rome made propofals to Cyril of an Accommodation, which being not embraced, the Court of Rome made a new Effort to turn him out. He does not tell us, that 20000 Dollars more were prepared to fet up another new Patriarch, fuch a one as would be an Obedient Narrat. Hiftor. Son to the Church of Rome; and that half of this Sum was a Legacy left F. 300. &c. by a good Woman to Charitable Ufes, which the Pope converted to the carrying on of this Uncharitable defign. But this did not fucceed, for the diftreffed Grecks, fome way or other found Money and Friends to keep the Turk their Patron. He tells us nothing of another Judas trick which they immediately went upon; which was to Trapan Cyril by offering him Money, and then, if he accepted it, to expofe him as a Mercenary Villain; and Berilli and Conachio Roffi were fent from Rome to manage this affair. Cyril flighted their Propofals; whereupon they offer'd 20000 Dollars to fome Latinizing Bishops, to fupport any one of them who would offer at the Throne. Poor Cyril a while lay clofe, till this Iniquity was revealed to the Turk, and with the expence of 10000 Dollars more, he weathered out this Storm. p. 55, 56. Next he tells us, The Court of Rome redoubled their Efforts, and fent a vicarious Patriarch to preferve the Orthodox Faith at Conftantinople. But Cyril raifed fuch a Jealousy in the Turks, by reafon of this Envoy from Rome, as the Jefuits were very ill treated by them. Here he curtails the story abominably. This vicarious Patriarch from Rome, made abundance of Latins, or Latinized Greeks, Titular Bifhops of the Inlands and other places as he came along; and appear'd fo bare faced for bringing the whole Greek Church under the Roman Yoak, as all, both Greeks and Turks, took the alarm, and when the Vizier was well informed of the matter, this pretended Vicar of Chrift's pretended Vicar, was forced to fucak away; and all his titular Bishops, especially thofe from Rome, were all imprifon'd. But that which maull'd the Jefuits was quite another matter, which he cunningly paffes by; it was briefly this. Nich. Metaxa, a Greck, by leave from the Vizier had fet up a Printing Prefs at Galata. This cut the Jefuits to the very Heart, fearing that Catechifms and other Books might be there Printed for the Inftruction of the Greek Youth and others, which would quite fpoil their Trade of feducing them, by teaching them their Roman Doctrine; whereupon they fuborn'd a Mercenary Scoundrel Turk, who had been once Voivode of Galata and had the Viziers Ear, to go to him and make this Avania or falfe pretence, that this Printer was a Man of Arms, and came their to raile Sedition; and to Print Books against the Alcoran, and others compofed by Cyril, to ftir up the Greeks to join with the Cofacks and caufe a Rebellion. The Vizier immediately withT. p. 127. out examining matters fired at this, (as nothing to my knowledge is fo tender a Point amongst the Turks as this; for a meer flight fufpicion of fuch defigns is enough to lop off any Man's head;) and on the Epiphany, when the Bailo of Venice was at dinner with Sr. Tho. Roe, (then our Embaffador) 150 Janizaries came to Metaxa's Houfe, and bound his Servants, and took away what they thought good, (which was to the Value of 4000 Dollars) and broke and fpoil'd every thing elfe. The French Embaffador was Privy to all this; and contrived to have it done that very day, when he knew Sr. Tho. Roe was to make a Feast, saying, He would give him Sauce to his Meat. But Sr. Thomas going to the Vizier, and acquainting him with the naked Truth of every Thing, and displaying the Jefuits in their proper Colours, and fhewing him their devilish Designs and Practices all along, prevail'd fo with him as thele good Fathers and Conachio Roffi were feized, and imprifon'd, and at laft packt away in Chains, and under a Guard; and orders were given to fupprefs this factious Crew in all places in Turky where they had fettled. All the other Religious Orders were wonderfully pleas'd with this picce of Juftice, efpecially the Spanish Fryars at Jerufalem; for they well knew the Ambitious and Arrogant

temper

temper of the Jefuitis, and the defigns which they had of turning them out, T. p. 127. and making themselves poffeffors of thofe Holy places. The Critic goes on, Cyril by his great vexations having rendred himself odious, and finding himself obliged to maintain a party able to grapple with the Power of the Jefuits at Conftantinople, fupported by the Court of Rome, yielded, and was Strangled by express order of the Grand Signor. This indeed is an Ingenious, but by no means an Ingenuous account of that fad Catastrophe. Sr. Tho. Roe, Cyril's great Patron, was recall'd home, and Sr. Peter Wich fucceeded him; and there were two Jefuits, who had lurked all this while clofe in the French Embassadors house, He, after Sr. Thomas his departure, by money (to be fure) and many falfe, but fpecious, Infinuations and Pretences, had obtain❜d leave of the Vizier to keep these two publickly as his domeftick Chaplains. Soon after this, the G. Signor was going with his Army against the Perfians, and when he was on the road, the Fr. Embassador and thefe Jefuits, and fome others, (who had Skulkt up and down at Smyrna and elsewhere,) confulting together, thought now was the faireft opportunity for ever to compleat their wicked defign at once; and therefore they procur'd this most falfe and Villainous fuggeftion to be made to the G. Seignor, by fome great Men about him, that he could by no means be fafe fo long as the Patrick (for fo the Turks call the Patriarch) Cyril was alive, for he certainly was in Confpiracy with the Cofacks and Muscovites to invade his Dominions on this fide his Empire, whilft he was abfent with all his Forces on the other fide. So orders were given without any more ado to cut him off, which were immediately executed by feifing and ftrangling him. Take this as a pregnant Inftance of T. p. 128. the Methods which the Court of Rome took to Propagate their Faith in the Eaft. Now I think it is plain from hence, that we ought not at all to value any of the pretended Synods which afterwards were made in Greece; for. if the Power of Rome could procure fuch an expenfive Tragedy as this; Money from the fame hand, and the Terror which this Example must needs caft upon the poor Greeks, might then, and may still effect any thing amongst them. However becaufe I find the Latins triumph and boaft much of these Synods, I fhall here take a fhort view of them all; not that I fhall any. ways take upon me to defend Calvin's Doctrines, or here at all concern my felf with any other of them than what relates to my prefent purpose, to wit, the Eucharift. Cyril Lucar was cut off in June or July 1638; and Cyril of Hen. Hilar. Berrhaa fucceeded him, and in the September following is faid to have called Chron. p. 460. &c. Veielij.deand concluded a Synod against him and his Doctrine. This Cyril of Berrhea, fenf. Sect. 4. notwithstanding Allatius is pleased to call him a good and pious Man and P. 104. a Martyr, was in truth a very wicked Implacable and ungrateful Parricide 9 for he was deeply concern'd with all Cyril Lucar's enemies in all the Barbarous ufages which he met withall, and therefore it is no wonder if he afterwards made a Synodical Decree against him. The Latins themselves feem to me to have been afhamed of him, and of his Synod too; otherwife methinks that Synod fhould have been thrust into Labbe's Councils. However, it was Printed 1645, and you have it managed in Dofitheus. When I compare only the Synod. Hierofol Subfcriptions in thefe two Copies, I am apt to believe that the whole is a meer fuppofititious thing; but be it what it will, I am fure Cyril of Berrhaa's Character will fufficiently leffen its Authority. Dofitheus is pleated filently to pass b. p. 153, 154. over all the inhuman Practices of the Jefuits against Cyril Lucar, and lay all his troubles upon himself as occafion'd by his Ambition and, inapxía, defire of Government, and calls it, with St. Bafil, the difeafe of Lucifer, and faith, & TepéreuTay adíxas, that he was justly cut off; I must crave leave of that great Man to fay, that God's Juftice appears more plainly to me in avenging Cyril Lucar's Blood upon this wicked Cyril of Berrhea, who came himself to the very end which he had procur'd to him; being himself alfo ftrangled, like Taμulag & Taτgoporius, an impure, or moft Wicked, Parricide, as Philip Cy-Tany. TUT. prius truly calls him; yet he feem'd to Allatius good enough to fluff up the

P. 157.

P. 17.

4

T. conc. 15.

P. 1713 Synod. Hierofol. P. 185.

T. p. 129.

T. p. 128. Roman Martyrology. Next, here we have in this pretended Synod the names only of three Patriarchs, of about twenty Bishops, and of as many Officers of the great Church. But I find in the Subfcriptions to the Orthodox Confeffion, (which follow'd about four Years after,) two other Patriarchs names for Alexandria and Jerufalem; So that Cyril of Berrhaa's Patriarchs were either dead or turned out; and thus we may well conclude, that thofe who fubfcribed that Confeffion under Parthenius were purely his Creatures; and thefe here, and the Bishops and Officers, were of Cyril's faction, or at least fuch as temporized with the then domincering Power of Rome. The next pretended Synod was at Giaffium in Moldavia, 1642. which you have in Labbe and Doftheus. The elder Parthenius Patriarch of Conftantinople, immediate fucceffor to Cyril of Berrhea, with fome Bishops and Officers of his (which they call the Great) Church, drew up a Remonftrance against Cyril Lucar's Confeffion of Faith; and the Voivode of Moldavia having, it feems, gathered together fome Bishops and Others at Giaffium to confult ubout the fame bufinefs, Parthenius fent his Remonftrance to them, which they call his Synodical Epiftle. This is Printed with the names of Parthenius, and of 26 or 27 Bishops befides, and of about 20 of the Officers of the Great Church at Conftantinople. Yet I find the names of the three Legates from Ruffia only to the Epifle of the Synod directed to the Voivode, but not in the Subfcriptions to the Remonftrance or the Synodical Epiftle of Parthenius. But let that pafs; the whole number of Bishops and Officers in this pretended Synod, (as in that of Cyril of Berrhea) make not above 50 in all. A goodly number indeed to be called, or to reprefent the whole Greek Church. This being the plain Hiftory of this mighty Synod, give me leave now a little to reflect upon it. Firft Parthenius himself the Prime Minister or Author of it, is indeed called by Dofitheus ȧvip άidéoμ, a venerable Man; as he was a Patriarch I will call him fo too; but if you will take Allatius his Character of him, we may justly call

p. 214

him as wicked and vile a Man to the full, as his Predeceffor Cyril of Berrh. Chron. p. 470. Was. Take it as I find it in H. Hilarius out of him. Cyril of Berrhea, faith Allatius, treated the Bishops angerly, or furiously, both in word and deed, and therefore incur'd the Envy of many; who all confpiring together with Parthenius contumeliously thrust him, (no ways deferving it,) out of his Seat, and banished him to Tunis. But Parthenius perceiving that the affairs of this Cyril did increase again by the Faction of his Partifans, and that there were certain hopes of his being fent back again; fearing that himself fhould run a great Hazard if he was restored; by a profufe Summ, raifed out of the Goods of the Church, extorted from the Turk, a Command to cut him off, and fent it to his friend Bechir (or Becchy or rather Beghi) Basha of Rhodes, who immediately directed it to Tunis. Whilft the hangman was ready to do his office, and the Turks would have perfwaded Cyril to confult or fave himself and his affairs, by turning a Mahometan, he answer'd, that he would die with the Church of Rome and with Chrift, whom he heartily affected, and fo he was Strangled. Now for my part I must plainly call him a Murderer, who thus Confpired and procured the Death of his Predeceffor, whether he deferved it or not; And he being fuch a Crafty and defigning Man, and having done fo foul an Act as this to keep. himself fafe in the Throne, what would he farther not be ready to do, ftill to fave himself? Therefore having deftroyed Cyril of Berrhea, who was profeffedly the Latins Creature and Beloved, he must needs;have difobliged them to the highest Degree; and therefore now to curry favour with them again, though his Opinion concerning the Eucharift might be far enough different from theirs, I cannot but have a strong Suspicion that he contrived this Remonftrance, and juggled with his Junto, formal Synod,) to appease the Latins fury, by damning Calvin's Tenents right or wrong, and Cyril Lucar's Confeffion which approv'd them; well knowing how highly he should gratify the Papalins thereby, efpecially in the Point of

T. p. 130.

6 Voivode and the reft of the Subfcribers to this

the