disordered usage of the university men, the unmannerly custom of the school, the rude tumult of the multitude, the fierceness and interruption of the doctors, the full ground of all their arguments, the censures of the judges, the railing language of the prolocutor, being both the actor, the moderator, and also judge himself.

Such disturbance and confusion, more like a conspiracy than any disputation, without all form and order, was in the schools during the time of their answering, that neither could the answerers utter their minds, neither would the opponents be satisfied with any reasons. Concerning which misruled disputation, Ridley himself reports as follows:

The Report and Narration of Bishop Ridley, concerning the Disputation against him and his fellow-prisoners at Oxford.

"I never yet, since I was born, saw or heard anything done or handled more vainly or tumultuously, than the disputation held with me in the schools at Oxford. Yea, verily, I could never have thought that it had been possible to have found amongst men accounted to be men of knowledge and learning in this realm, any so brazenfaced and shameless, so disorderly and vainly to behave themselves, more like stage-players in interludes to set forth a pageant, than grave divines in school, to dispute about religion. The clamours of the Sorbonne, which at Paris I have seen in times past, when popery most reigned, might be worthily thought, in comparison with this thrasonical ostentation, to have had much modesty. And no great marvel, seeing they who should have been moderators and overseers of others, and who should have given good examples in words and gravity, themselves, above all others, gave worst example, and did, as it were, blow the trumpet to the rest, to rave, roar, rage, and cry out. By reason whereof it manifestly appears that they never sought for any truth or verity, but only for the glory of the world, and their own bragging victory. But lest by the innumerable railings and reproachful taunts, wherewith I was baited on every side, our cause-yea, rather God's cause and his church'sshould be evil spoken of, and slandered to the world through false reports, given out concerning our disputation, and so the truth might sustain some damage, I thought it no less than my duty to write my answers, that whosoever is desirous to know the truth may by this perceive as well those things which were chiefly objected, as summarily that which was answered by me to them. However I confess this to be most true, that it is impossible to set forth either all that was tumultuously and confusedly objected on their parts, there being so many speaking at one time, and so fast, that one could not very well hear another, neither could all that was answered on my behalf to so many opponents be heard.

"A great part of the time appointed for the disputations was vainly consumed in opprobrious checks and reviling taunts, with hissing and clapping of hands; using the English tongue, to procure the people's favour. All which, when I with great grief of heart beheld, protesting openly that such excessive and outrageous disorder was unseemly for those schools, and men of such learning and gravity, and that they who were the doers and stirrers of such things, did nothing else but betray the slenderness of their cause, and their own vanities; I was so far off by this my humble complaint, from doing any good, that I was forced to hear such rebukes, checks, and taunts for my labour, as no person of any honesty, without blushing, could abide to hear the like spoken by a most vile varlet, against a most wretched ruffian.

"At the beginning of the disputation, when I should have confirmed mine answer to the first proposition in a few words, and that, after the manner and law of schools, before I could make an end of my first proof, which was not very long, even the doctors themselves cried out, He speaketh blasphemies, he speaketh blasphemies! And when on my knees I besought them that they would vouchsafe to hear me to the end, at

which the prolocutor being moved, cried out,' Let him read it, let him read it.' Yet, when I began to read, there followed immediately such shouting, such noise, and tumult, such confusion of voices, crying Blasphemies, blasphemies!' as I, to my remembrance, never heard or read the like, except it be that one which was, in the acts of the apostles, stirred up of Demetrius the silversmith, and other of his occupation, crying out against Paul, 'Great is Diana of the Ephesians! great is Diana of the Ephesians!' And except it be a certain disputation which the Arians had against the orthodox, and such as were of godly judgment in Africa, where it is said (according to Victor) that such as the president and rulers of the disputation were, such was the end of the disputations. All were in a hurly-burly, and so great were the slanders which the Arians cast out, that nothing could quietly be heard.

"The cries and the tumults against me so prevailed, that I was forced to leave off reading my proofs, although they were short. If any man doubt of the truth of this, let him ask any one that was there, and not utterly perverted in popery, and, I am assured, he will say I fall far short of the facts in my statement. But I will cease to complain of these things further."

He concludes his report with these words: "And thus was ended this most glorious disputation of the most holy fathers, sacrificers, doctors, and masters, who fought most manfully, as ye may see, for their God and goods, for their faith and felicity, for their country and kitchen, for their beauty and belly, with triumphant applauses and favour of the whole university."

The disputation of Master Latimer being ended on the 18th April, the commissioners sat on the 20th, in St. Mary's church; and Doctor Weston used dissuasions with every one of them, and would not suffer them to answer unless directly and peremptorily, as his words were, to say whether they would subscribe or not. He said to the archbishop of Canterbury that he was overcome in disputation. The archbishop answered, "That where Doctor Weston said, he had answered and opposed, and could neither maintain his own errors, nor impugn the truth; all that he thus said was false. For that he was not suffered to oppose as he wished, nor could he answer as he was required, unless he would have brawled like them. Four or five continually interrupted him, so that he could not speak." Master Ridley and Master Latimer were asked what they would do. They replied, "That they would stand to what they had said." Then they were all called together, and the sentence read over them, declaring they were no more members of the church. And also that their favourers and patrons were condemned as heretics. In reading the sentence, they were asked, whether they would turn or not: and they bade them read on in the name of God, for they were not minded to turn. So they were all three condemned.

After which sentence of condemnation being awarded against them, they answered again every one in his turn as follows; the archbishop first beginning thus:—

The Archbishop of Canterbury.

"From this your judgment and sentence, I appeal to the just judgment of Almighty God, trusting to be present with him in heaven, for whose presence in the altar I am thus condemned."

Doctor Ridley.

"Although I be not of your company, yet doubt I not but my name is written in another place, whither this sentence will send us sooner than we should by the course of nature have come."

Master Latimer

"I thank God most heartily, that he has prolonged my life to this end, that 1 may in this cause glorify God by that kind of death."

Doctor Weston's Answer unto Latimer

"If you go to heaven in this faith, then I will never come thither, as I am at present persuaded."

After the sentence pronounced, they were separated one from another. The archbishop was returned to Bocardo, Ridley was carried to the sheriff's house; Latimer to the bailiff's.

On the Saturday following, they had a mass, with a general procession and great solemnity. Doctor Cranmer was forced to behold the procession out of Bocardo; Doctor Ridley out of the sheriff's house. Latimer also, being brought to see it from the bailiff's house, thought that he was going to be burnt, and spoke to one Augustine Cooper, a catchpole, to make a quick fire. But when he came to Carfox, and saw the matter, he ran as fast as his old bones would carry him, to one Spencer's shop, and would not look towards it. Last of all, Doctor Weston carried the sacrament, and four Doctors carried the canopy over him.

Immediately after the sentence was given, Doctor Ridley writes to the prolocutor as follows:

Doctor Ridley to the Prolocutor.

"Master prolocutor, you remember, I am sure, how you promised me openly in the schools, after my protestation, that I should see how my answers were there taken and written of the notaries whom you appointed to write what should be said, that I should have leave to add to them, or to alter them, as upon more deliberation should have seemed best. You granted me also, at the delivery of my answer to your first proposition, a copy of the same. These promises are not performed. If your sudden departure be any part of the cause of this, yet I pray you remember that they may be performed; for performance of a promise is to be looked for at a righteous judge's hands. Now I send you here my answers, in writing, to your second and third propositions, and do desire and require earnestly a copy of the same, and I shall by God's grace procure the pains of the writer to be paid for, and satisfied accordingly. Master Prolocutor, in the time of my answer in the schools, when I would have confirmed my sayings with authorities and reasons, you said then openly, that I should have time and place, to say and bring whatsoever I could another time, and the same your saying was then and there confirmed of others of the commissioners: yea, and, I dare say, the audience also thought then that I should have had another day, to have brought and said what I could for the declaration and confirmation of mine assertions. Now, that this was not done, but sentence so suddenly given before the cause was perfectly heard, I cannot but marvel," &c.

On Monday, the 23d of April, Doctor Weston, prolocutor, took his journey to London, with the letters certificatory from the university to the Queen, by whom the archbishop of Canterbury directed his letters supplicatory to the council. Which letters, after the prolocutor had received, and had carried them well-near half-way to London, he opened, and seeing the contents, sent them back again, refusing to carry them, &c.

The Archbishop of Canterbury's Letter to the Council. "In right humblewise shews unto your honourable lordships, Thomas Cranmer, late archbishop of Canterbury, beseeching the same to be a means for me to the queen's highness for her mercy and pardon. Some of you know by what means I was brought and trained to the will of our late sovereign lord king Edward VI., and what I spake against the same, wherein I refer me to the reports of your honours and worships. Furthermore, this is to signify to your lordships, that upon Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday last past, were open disputations here in Oxford against me, Master Ridley, and Master Latimer, in three matters concerning the sacrament. First, of the real presence: Secondly, of transubstantiation: and Thirdly, of the sacrifice of the mass. Upon Monday, against me: upon Tuesday, against doctor Ridley; and upon Wednesday, against Mr. Latimer. How the other two were ordered, I know not; for we were separated, so that none of us knew what the other said, nor how they were ordered. But as concerning myself, I can report. Doctor Chedsey was ap

pointed to dispute against me, but the disputation was so confused that I never knew the like; every man bringing forth what he liked without order; and such haste was made, that no answer was suffered to be fully given to any argument, before another brought forward a new argument. And in such weighty matters the disputation must needs be ended in one day, which could scantily be ended in three months. And when we had answered them, they would not appoint us one day to bring forth our proofs, that they might answer us, being required by me to do so, whereas I myself have more to say than can be well discussed, as I suppose, in twenty days. The right means to resolve the truth had been to have suffered us to answer fully to all that they could say, and then they again to answer us fully to all that we can say. But why they would not answer us, what other cause can there be, but that either they feared their matter, that they were not able to answer us, or else for some consideration they made such haste not to seek the truth, but to condemn us, that it must be done in post haste before the matters could be thoroughly heard. For in haste we were all three condemned of heresy. Thus much I thought good to signify unto your lordships, that you may know the indifferent handling of matters, leaving the judgment thereof unto your wisdom. And I beseech your lordships to remember me, a poor prisoner, unto the queen's majesty; and I shall pray, as I do daily, unto God, for the long preservation of your lordships in all godliness and felicity." April 23.

Now let us return for a little to our history, as regards other things that happened in other parts of the realm, in this tumultuous time of queen Mary. As events in that time were so numerous, it is hard to keep a perfect order in reciting them. Therefore to insert things left out before, we have thought here a little to interrupt the order of time, returning again to the month of July the year before, viz. 1553, at which time I showed before how the duke of Northumberland was apprehended by the guard, and brought to London by the earl of Arundel and other lords and gentlemen who had been appointed for that purpose on the 25th July, being St. James' day. The duke was sent to the Tower, where he remained.

The earl of Warwick, his eldest son, lord Ambrose and lord Henry Dudley, two of his younger sons, the earl of Huntington, lord Hastings, sir John Gates, sir Henry Gates, sir Andrew Dudley, sir Thomas Palmer, and Dr. Sands, chancellor of Cambridge, were all sent to the Tower at the same time.

On the 26th, the lord marquis of Northampton, the bishop of London, lord Robert Dudley, and sir Richard Corbes were committed to the Tower.

On the 27th, the lord chief justice of England, and the lord Mountacute, chief justice of the common pleas, were committed to the Tower.

On Friday the 28th, the duke of Suffolk, and sir John Cheek were committed to the Tower.

On the 30th, the lord Russel was committed to the sheriff of London's custody.

On the 31st, the earl of Rutland was committed to the Fleet; and the same day the duke of Suffolk was delivered out of the Tower again.

On Thursday the 3d of August, the queen entered into the city of London at Aldersgate, and so to the Tower, where she remained seven days, and then removed to Richmond.

On Saturday the 5th the Lord Ferris was committed to the Tower, and on the same day Doctor Bonner was delivered out of the Marshalsea; and at night Doctor Cocks was committed to the Marshalses, and one Master Edward Underhill to Newgate. Also the same day Doctor Tonstall and Stephen Gardiner were delivered out of the Tower, and Gardiner received into the queen's privy council, and made lord chancellor.

On Sunday the 6th, Henry Dudley, captain of the guard at Guisnes, who before had been sent to the French king, by his cousin the duke of Northumberland, after the despatch of his embassy to the French king,

returned to Guisnes, and was taken, and this day brought to the Tower.

On Monday the 7th, a dirge in Latin was sung within the Tower by all the king's chapel, and the bishop of Winchester was chief minister; the queen was present, and most part of the council.

On Tuesday the 8th, the king's body was brought to Westminster, and there buried; doctor Day, bishop of Chichester, preached. The same day a mass of requiem was sung within the Tower by the bishop of Winchester, who had on his mitre, and did all things as in times past was done. The queen was present.

On Thursday the Duke of Norfolk came forth of the Tower, with whom the Duchess of Somerset was also delivered.

On Sunday the 13th, doctor Bourne preached at St. Paul's Cross.

In the week following command was given throughout the city that no apprentices should come to the sermon, nor bear any knife or dagger.

On Wednesday, being the 16th day of August, Master Bradford, Master Beacon, and Master Vernon, were committed to the Tower: with whom also Master Sampson should have been committed, and was sought for the same time at Master Elsing's house in Fleetstreet, where Master Bradford was taken; and because he was not found, the bishop of Winchester fumed like a prelate with the messenger.

On Friday the 18th, the duke of Northumberland, the marquis of Northampton, and the earl of Warwick, were arraigned at Westminster, and there the same day condemned, the duke of Norfolk that day being the high judge.

On the Saturday the 19th, sir Andrew Dudley, sir John Gates, sir Henry Gates, and sir Thomas Palmer, were arraigned at Westminster, and condemned the same day, the marquis of Winchester being high judge. The same day a letter was sent to sir Henry Tyrrell, Antony Brown, and Edmund Brown, esquires, praying them to commit to ward all such as shall contemn the queen's order of religion, or shall keep themselves from church, there to remain until they be conformable, and to signify their names to the council.

On Sunday the 20th, Dr. Watson, the bishop of Winchester's chaplain, preached at St. Paul's Cross, at whose sermon was present the marquis of Winchester, the earl of Bedford, the earl of Pembroke, the lord Rich, and two hundred of the guard with their halberds, lest the people should have made any stir against the preacher.

On Monday the 21st, the duke of Northumberland, the marquis of Northampton, sir Andrew Dudley, sir John Gates, and sir Thomas Palmer, heard a mass within the Tower, and after mass they all five received the sacrament in one kind only, as in the popish time was used. On which day also Queen Mary set forth a proclamation, signifying to the people, that she could not hide any longer the religion which she from her infancy had professed, &c. Inhibiting in the proclamation, printing and preaching.

On Tuesday the 22d, the duke of Northumberland, sir John Gates, and sir Thomas Palmer, were beheaded on Tower-hill. The same day certain noble personages heard mass within the Tower, and likewise after mass received the sacrament in one kind.

On Sunday the 27th, Doctor Chedsey preached at St. Paul's Cross, and on the same day the archbishop of Canterbury, Sir Thomas Smith, and the dean of St. Paul's, were cited to appear the week following before the queen's commissioners in the bishop's consistory within St. Paul's.

About this time it was noised abroad by rumours falsely and craftily devised, either to establish the credit of the mass, or else to bring Thomas Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury into discredit, that he, to curry favour with Queen Mary, had promised to say dirge mass after the old custom for King Edward, and that he had already said mass at Canterbury, &c. Wherefore to stop these slanders, Cranmer, on the 7th of September, set forth the following letter, which was printed.

A Purgation of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury, against certain Slanders falsely raised against him. "As the devil, Christ's ancient adversary, is a liar, and the father of lies, even so hath he stirred up his servants and members to persecute Christ and his true word and religion with lying: which he ceaseth not to do most earnestly at this present time. For whereas the prince of famous memory King Henry VIII., seeing the great abuses of the Latin mass, reformed some things therein in his lifetime; and afterwards, our late sovereign lord, King Edward VI. took the same wholly away, for the manifold and great errors and abuses of the same, and restored in the place thereof Christ's holy supper, according to Christ's own institution, and as the apostles used the same in the primitive church : the devil goeth about now by lying to overthrow the Lord's Supper again, and to restore his Latin satisfactory mass, a thing of his own invention and device. And to bring the same more easily to pass, some have abused the name of me, Thomas archbishop of Canterbury, bruiting abroad, that I have set up the mass at Canterbury, and that I offered to say mass at the burial of our late sovereign prince King Edward VI., and that I offered to say mass before the queen's highness, and at St. Paul's church, and elsewhere. And although I have been well exercised these twenty years to suffer and bear evil reports and lies, and have not been much grieved thereat, but have borne all things quietly; yet when untrue reports and lies turn to the hindrance of God's truth, they are in nowise to be suffered. Wherefore these be to signify unto the world, that it was not I that set up the mass at Canterbury, but it was a false, flattering, lying, and dissem bling monk, which caused mass to be set up there without my advice or counsel; Reddat illi Dominus in die illo. And as for offering myself to say mass before the queen's highness, or in any other place, I never did it, as her grace well knoweth. But if her grace will give me leave, I shall be ready to prove, against all that will say the contrary, that all that is contained in the holy communion, set out by the most innocent and godly prince King Edward VI., in his high court of parliament, is conformable to that order which our Saviour Christ did both observe, and command to be observed, and which his apostles, and the primitive church used many years; whereas the mass, in many things, not only hath no foundation of Christ, his apostles, nor the primitive church, but is manifestly contrary to the same, and containeth many horrible abuses in it. And although many, either unlearned or malicious, do report, that Peter Martyr is unlearned, yet if the queen's highness will grant thereunto, I, with the said Peter Martyr, and other four or five, which I shall choose, will, by God's grace, take upon us to defend, not only the common prayers of the church, the ministration of the sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies, but also all the doctrine and religion set out by our sovereign lord King Edward VI., to be more pure, and according to God's word, than any other that hath been used in England these thousand years: so that God's word may be judge, and that the reasons and proofs of both parties may be set out in writing, to the intent, as well that all the world may examine and judge thereon, as that no man shall start back from his writing. And where they boast of the faith, that hath been in the church these fifteen hundred years, we will join with them in this point; and that the same doctrine and usage is to be followed, which was in the church fifteen hundred years past; and we shall prove that the order of the church, set out at this present time, in this realm by act of parliament, is the same that was used in the church fifteen hundred years past, and so shall they be never able to prove theirs."

On Thursday, the 7th of September, Lord Mountacute, chief justice, and the lord chief baron were delivered out of the Tower.

On the 13th of September, the reverend father, master Hugh Latimer was committed to the Tower.

On the 14th of September, the archbishop of Canterbury was committed to the Tower.

On the 26th of September, one Master Gray, of Cambridge, called before him one Master Garth, for that he would not suffer a boy of Peter-house to help him to say mass in Pembroke-hall, which was before any law was established for that behalf.

The queen came to the Tower of London on Thursday, being the 28th of September, and upon the Saturday following she rode from the Tower through the city of London, where were made many pageants to receive her, and so she was triumphantly brought to Whitehall, in Westminster.

On Sunday, the 1st day of October, the queen's highness went from Whitehall to Westminster-abbey, accompanied with the most part of the nobility of this realm, namely, these: the duke of Norfolk, the earl of Arundel, the earl of Shrewsbury, the marquis of Winchester, the earls of Derby, Bedford, Worcester, Cumberland, Westmorland, Oxford, Sussex, Devonshire, Pembroke, the lord Dacres of the north, lord Ferris, lord Cobham, lord Abergavenny, lord Wentworth, lord Scroop, lord Rich, lord Vaux, lord Howard, lord Conias, lord Morley, lord Paget, and the lord Willoughby; with other nobles, and all the ambassadors of divers countries, the mayor of London, with all the aldermen. Also out of the abbey, to receive her, there came three silver crosses, and to the number of fourscore, or nearly, of singing men, all in very rich and gorgeous copes. Amongst whom was the dean of Westminster, and several of her chaplains, who bare every one some ensign in their hands, and after them followed ten bishops all mitred, and their crosier staves in their hands, and rich copes upon every one of them. And in this order they returned from Westminster-hall before the queen to the abbey, where she was crowned by Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester and lord chancellor of England. At the time of the coronation, Doctor Day, bishop of Chichester, made a sermon to the queen's majesty, and to the rest of the nobility.

Also there was a general pardon proclaimed within the abbey at the time of her coronation, out of which proclamation all the prisoners of the Tower and of the Fleet were excepted, and sixty-two more.

On the Tuesday the vice-chancellor of Cambridge challenged one Mr. Pierson, because he ministered still the communion in his own parish, and received strangers of other parishes to the communion, and would not say mass. Upon which, within two days after, he was dismissed from farther administering in his

cure.

On the Wednesday following the archbishop of York was committed to the Tower.

On the Thursday, the queen rode to the parliament in her robes, and all the nobility with her; and when they were met in the parliament-house, the bishop of Winchester made a solemn oration, and sergeant Pollard was chosen speaker of the parliament. The same day the bishops of Lincoln, Hereford, and Westchester, were dismissed from the parliament and convocation.

Also on the 10th, the earl of Huntington was delivered out of the Tower.

On the Sunday after, being the 15th, Lawrence Saunders preached at Allhallows in Bread-street in the morning, where he declared the abomination of the mass, with divers other matters, very notably and godly; whereof more shall be said when we come to his history. As he shewed himself to be God's faithful minister, so is he sure not to be defrauded of God's faithful promise, who says, "Whosoever, therefore, shall confess me before men, him will I also confess before my Father which is in heaven." (Matt. x. 32.) But about noon of the same day he was sent for by the bishop of London, and then committed to the Marshalsea.

On the Sunday following, being the 22nd, Doctor Weston preached at St. Paul's Cross. In the beginning of his sermon he desired the people to pray for the souls departed: "You shall pray for all them that are departed, that are neither in heaven, nor in hell, but in

another place, being not yet sufficiently purged to come to heaven, that they may be relieved by your devout prayers." He called the Lord's table, where we celebrate our communion, an oyster-board! He said, that the catechism in Latin, lately set out, was abominable heresy, and likened the compilers of the catechism to Julian the Apostate, and the book to a dialogue set out by Julian, in which Christ and Pilate were the speakers; with many other things. Master Coverdale, at the time, learnedly confuted this sermon by writing.

In the week following began the disputations in the convocation-house in St. Paul's church, of which sufficient has been before declared.

On the 26th, the vice-chancellor of Cambridge went to Clare-hall, and in the presence of Doctor Walker displaced Doctor Madew, and placed Master Swyborne in the mastership there, by the lord chancellor's letters, because he was (as they termed it) uxoratus, that "married." is,

On the 28th, the papists in King's college, Cambridge, had their whole service again in the Latin tongue, contrary to the law then in force.

On the 3d of November the vice-chancellor sent for the curate of the Round parish in Cambridge, commanding him not to officiate any more in the English tongue, saying, he would have one uniform order of service throughout the town, and that in Latin, with mass, which was established on the 12th of this month.

On the 28th of November the archdeacon's official visited Hinton, where he gave charge to present all such as disturbed the queen's proceedings, in hindering the Latin service, the setting up of their altars, and saying mass. It was easy to see how these fellows meant to proceed, having the law once on their side, who thus against a manifest law, would attempt the punishment of any man.

On the 15th of December there were two proclamations at London: the one for the repealing of certain acts made by King Edward, and for the setting up of the mass, on the 20th of December then next following; the other was, that no man should interrupt any of those that would say mass.

The parliament beginning about the 5th of October, continued till the 6th of December, 1553. In which parliament were repealed all the statutes of pramunire, passed in the time of King Henry VIII., &c. Also other laws and statutes concerning religion and the adminis tration of sacraments, decreed under King Edward VI. In this parliament was appointed, that on the 20th of December next ensuing, the same year 1553, all the old form and manner of church-service, used in the last year of King Henry, should again be restored.

About this time a priest of Canterbury said mass on the one day, and the next day after he came into the pulpit, and desired all the people to forgive him; for he said, he had betrayed Christ, not as Judas did, but as Peter did, and there made a long sermon against the

mass.

About this time a great number of new bishops, deans, &c. were chosen, more than were made at one time since the Conquest. Their names are these:—

Holyman, bishop of Bristol.
Coates, bishop of Westchester.
Hopton, bishop of Norwich.
Bourne, bishop of Bath.
White, bishop of Lincoln.
Mores, bishop of Rochester.
Morgan, bishop of St. David's.
Poole, bishop of St. Asaph.

Brookes, bishop of Gloucester.

Moreman, coadjutor to the bishop of Exeter.
Glin, bishop of Bangor.
Fecknam, dean of St. Paul's.

Rainolds, dean of Bristol; with others.

On the 12th of January, the vice-chancellor of Cambridge called a general congregation, where, among other things, he shewed, that the queen would have there a mass of the Holy Ghost upon the 18th of February following, for it was her birth-day.

On Saturday, the 13th, Doctor Crome was committed to the Fleet. Also on the Sunday following Mr. Addington was committed to the Tower; and information was also given in the court publicly by the bishop of Winchester, that the marriage between the queen's majesty and the king of Spain was concluded. On the day following, being Monday, the mayor, with the aldermen and certain commons were at the court, and they were commanded by the lord chancellor to prepare the city to receive the king of Spain, declaring to them what a catholic, mighty, prudent, and wise prince, the said king was.

On the Saturday following, being the 20th of January, the court of the first fruits and tenths was dissolved.

On Thursday the 25th, the lord marquis of Northampton was again committed to the Tower, and Sir Edward Warner with him.

On Saturday the 27th, Justice Hales was committed to the Marshalsea, and on the same day Mr. Rogers was committed to the Newgate. Upon the Saturday, and on the Sunday, and Monday following, the Londoners prepared a number of soldiers, (by the queen's command) to go into Kent against the commons: which soldiers, when they came to Rochester-bridge, where they should have set upon their enemies, most of them left their own captains and came over to the Kentish men, and so the captains returned to the court without men or victory, leaving behind them six pieces of ordnance and treasure.

About the latter end of January, the duke of Suffolk departed into Leicestershire. The earl of Huntington was sent to take him and bring him to London, who proclaimed the duke traitor by the way.

On Friday the 23d of February, 1554, about nine o'clock in the forenoon, the lord Henry Gray, duke of Suffolk, was brought from the Tower to the scaffold on Tower Hill; Doctor Weston accompanied him as his ghostly father, against the will of the duke. When the duke went up to the scaffold, Weston being on the left hand, pressed to go up with him. The duke, with his hand, put him down again off the stairs: and Weston, taking hold of the duke, forced him down likewise. And as they ascended the second time, the duke again put him down.

Then Weston said, that it was the queen's pleasure he should do so. At this the duke casting his hands abroad, ascended the scaffold, and paused a while. And then said, "Masters, I have offended the queen and her laws, and thereby am justly condemned to die, and am willing to die, desiring all men to be obedient, and I pray God that this my death may be an example to all men, beseeching you all to bear me witness, that I die in the faith of Christ, trusting to be saved by his blood only, and by no trumpery ceremonials. He died for me, and for all them that truly repent, and stedfastly trust in him. And I do repent, desiring you all to pray to God for me; and that when you see my breath depart from me, you will pray to God that he may receive my soul." And then he desired all men to forgive him, saying, that the queen had forgiven him.

Then Dr. Weston declared with a loud voice, that the queen's majesty had forgiven him. With that the standers-by said, with good and audible voice, "Such forgiveness God send thee!" meaning Dr. Weston. Then the duke kneeled down and said the psalm, "O God be merciful unto me,' "" &c. to the end, holding up his hands, and looking up to heaven. And when he had ended the psalm, he said, "Into thy hands I commit my spirit," &c. Then he arose and stood up, and delivered his cap and his scarf to the executioner.

Then the executioner kneeled down, and asked the duke forgiveness. And the duke said, "God forgive thee, and I do and when thou dost thine office, I pray thee do it well, and send me out of this world quickly, and God have mercy upon thee." Then there stood up a man and said, My lord, what shall I do for the money that you do owe me?" And the duke said, "Alas! good fellow, I pray thee trouble me not now, but go thy way to my officers." Then he knit a handkerchief about his face, and kneeled down and said, "Our Father which art in heaven," &c. to the end. And then he said, "Christ

On this same day a number of prisoners had their pardon, and came through the city with their halters about their necks. They were in number above two hundred.

In this week, all such priests within the diocese of London as were married, were divorced from their livings, and commanded to bring their wives within a fortnight, that they might be likewise divorced from them. This the bishop did of his own power.

On Tuesday, in the same week, being the 27th of February, certain gentlemen of Kent were sent into Kent, to be executed there. Their names were these; the two Mantels, two Knevets, and Bret; with these Mr. Rudston also and others were condemned, and should have been executed, but they had their pardon.

As to Mr. Mantel the elder, here is to be noted, that as he was led to execution, and at his first casting under the gallows, the rope broke. Then they wanted him to recant the truth, and receive the sacrament of the altar (as they term it), and then they said he should have the queen's pardon: but Mr. Mantel, like a worthy gentleman, refused their insidious counsel, and chose rather to die than to live to the dishonouring of God. As he was reported falsely to have fallen from the constancy of his profession; to clear himself, and to reprove the sinister surmise of his recantation, he wrote this brief apology.

The Apology of Master Mantel.

"Perceiving that already certain false reports are raised concerning my answer in the behalf of my belief, while I was prisoner in the Tower of London, and considering how sore a matter it is to be an occasion of offence to any of those little ones that believe in Christ: I have thought it the duty of a christian man, as near as I can (with the truth) to take away this offence. It pleased the queen's majesty to send me Doctor Bourne, to whom at the first meeting I acknowledged my faith in all points to agree with the four creeds; that is, the Apostle's Creed, the Nicene Creed, the Athanasian Creed, and the Te Deum.

"Further, as concerning confession and penance, I declare that I could be content to shew to any learned minister of Christ's church any thing that troubled my conscience, and of such a man I would most willingly hear absolution pronounced.

"Touching the sacrament of the altar (as he termed it), I said that I believed Christ to be there present as the Holy Ghost meant, when these words were written, "This is my body."

He

"Further, when this would not satisfy, I desired him to consider, that I was a condemned man to die by law, and that it was more meet for me to seek a readiness and preparation to death. And insomuch as I dissented not from him in any article of the christian faith necessary to salvation, I desired him, for God's sake; no more to trouble me with such matters, to believe which is neither salvation; nor not to believe, damnation. answered, that if I dissented but in the least matter from the chatholic church, my soul was in great danger; therefore much more in this great matter, alleging this text, He that offendeth in the least of these, is guilty of them all.' Yea,' said I, this is true of the commandments of God.' To this I desired him to consider it was not my matter, nor could I in these matters keep disputation, nor did I intend to do so; and therefore to take these few words for a full answer, that I, not only in the matter of the sacrament, but also in all other matters of religion, believe as the holy catholic church of Christ (grounded upon the prophets and apostles) believes. But upon this word church' we agreed not; for I took exception at the antichristian popish church.

"Then we fell into talk about the mass, wherein we agreed not: for I, both for the occasion of idolatry, and also the clear subversion of Christ's institution, thought it naught; and he, upon certain considerations supposed it good. I found fault that it was accounted a propitia.