foolish, causeless, childish sort of way, | derfully sweet nature he had - so rare in than she remembered to have done for at least ten years.

Hannah could not tell why, but she felt disappearing beneath the tender ferns that relieved even glad. The incubus of were shooting up under the dead leaves of several weeks was taken off at once, as last year, life out of death, and joy out well as that other burthen- which she of sorrow, as God meant it to be. had no idea would have weighed her down so much the feeling of being at variance with her brother-in-law.

-

He sat down beside her, on a felled log; and they began talking of all sorts of things the beauty of the wood, the wonderfully delicious spring day; and how Rosie would have enjoyed it, how she would enjoy it by-and-by, when she was old enough to be brought to picnics at Langmead. All trivial subjects, lightly and gaily discussed; but they were straws to show how the wind blew, and Hannah was sure now that the wind blew fair again — that Mr. Rivers had forgiven and forgotten everything.

Not everything; for he asked suddenly if she had told Grace the bitter truth, and how she bore it?

"Patiently, of course; but she is nearly broken-hearted."

"Poor soul! And you think, Hannah, that if sheRosa had been here, she would have let Grace stay?"

"I am sure she would. She was so just, so pure, so large in all her judgments; she would have seen at once that Grace meant no harm-that no real guilt could attach to her, only misfortune; and, therefore, it was neither necessary nor right to send her away."

66

Very well. I came to tell you that she shall not be sent away. I have reconsidered the question, and am prepared to risk all the consequences of keeping her, for my little girl's sake, and yours." Hannah burst into broken thanks, and then fairly began to cry again. She could not tell what was the matter with her. Her joy was as silly and weak-minded as her sorrow. She was so ashamed of herself as to be almost relieved when Mr. Rivers, laughing at her in a kindly, pleasant way, rose up and rejoined his sisters.

Nay, even the Rivers family and the rest seemed to drop a little of their formal worldliness, and become young men and maidens, rejoicing in the spring. Especially the well-watched pair of lovers; who had evidently come to an understanding, as desired; for when, after a lengthy absence, they reappeared, bringing two small sticks apiece, as their contributions to the fire that was to boil the kettle, their shyness and awkwardness were only equalled by their expression of blushing content.

Why should not old maid Hannah be content likewise? though she was not in her teens, like Adeline, and had no lover! But she had a tender feeling about lovers still; and in this blithe and happy springtime it stirred afresh; and her heart was moved in a strange sort of way - half pleasant, half sad.

Besides, this day happened to be an anniversary. Not that Hannah was among those who keep anniversaries; on the contrary, she carefully avoided them; but she never forgot them. Many a time, when nobody knew, she was living over again, with an ineffaced and ineffaceable vividness, certain days and certain hours, burnt into her memory with the red-hot iron of affliction. The wounds had healed over, but the scars remained. For years she had never seen yellow November fogs without recalling the day when Arthur sailed; nor cowslips, but she remembered having a bunch of them in her hand when she got the letter telling her of his death just as he was getting up May-hill as they often say of consumptive people. And for years oh, how many years it seemed after that day, spring days had given her a cruel pain; as if the world had all come alive again, and Arthur was dead.

66

The rest of the day she had scarcely ten To-day, even though it was the very words with him; yet she felt as happy as anniversary of his death, she felt differpossible. Peace was restored between him ently. There came back into her heart and herself; and Grace's misery was light- that long-forgotten sense of spring, which ened a little, though, alas! not much. always used to come with the primroses Perhaps, since even her master said she and cowslips, when Arthur and she played had done no intentional wrong, the poor together among them. The world had girl would get used to her lot in time. It come alive again, and Arthur had come could not be a very dreary lot to take alive too; but more as when he was a care of Rosie. And Aunt Hannah longed little boy and her playfellow than her for her little darling, - wished she had lover. A strange kind of fancy entered her in her arms, to show her the heaps of her mind - a wonder what he was like spring flowers, and the rabbits with their now - boy, or man, or angel; and what funny flashes of white tails, appearing and he was doing in the land, which, try as we

will, we cannot realize, and are not meant | fancy for there was her warm, happy to realize, in any way that would narrow human home. There, under that peaceful our duties here. Whether he still re-roof, centred all her duties, all her demained the same, or had altered, as she was conscious she had altered; grown as she had grown, and suffered; no, he could not suffer, as she had suffered these ten, eleven years? Did he want her? or was he happy without her? Would they, when they met, meet as betrothed lovers, or as the angels in heaven, "who neither marry nor are given in marriage?"

--

All those thoughts, and many more, went flitting across her mind as Miss Thelluson sat in a place she often took it saved talking, and she liked it beside the old coachman, on the Moat-House carriage, as they drove in the soft May twilight, through glade and woodland, moor and down, to Easterham village. And, when far off, she saw the light shining from a window of the House on the Hill, her heart leaped to it- her heart, not her

lights; there, in the quiet nursery, little Rosie lay sleeping, ready to wake up next morning fresh as the flowers, merry as a young lambkin, developing more and more in her opening child-life the most wonderful and lovely sight God ever gives us, and He gives it us every day a growing human soul.

"Oh, if Rosa could only see her now the daughter for whom she died!" sighed Hannah; and then suppressed the sigh, as irreligious, unjust. "No. I think if Rosa came back to us, and saw us now -- him and her baby, and me — she would not be unhappy. She would say - what I should say myself, if I died that when God takes our dead from us, He means us not to grieve for ever, only to remember."

Shall linger my love and I,

O dear was I to the heart that is cold,
And her love o'ershadows me still;
And the stars shine down on her grave to-night
In the lone churchyard on the hill.

Chambers' Journal.

ON THE MOVEMENTS OF THE EYES.-It has long been a question whether, when the head is inclined from side to side, any rotation of the Donders eyes in the opposite direction occurs. was unable to demonstrate any such rotation by the application of his mode of "after impressions." M. Javal however, who is subject to astigmatism, has found that, if the astigmation be accurately corrected by means of cylindrical glasses when the head is erect, the correction is not perfect when the head is inclined, and that the eyes must consequently have altered their position in the head. A repetition of Donders' experiments of obtaining strong" after impressions by an improved method also showed that some rotation occurs. The experiments showed that with an inclination of 10 of the head the rotation of the eyes amounted to rather

When the tremulous stars through the fleecy more than 1°, and that it increased proportion

bars

Look out in the western sky.

Yet a joy which is nameless and strangely sad
Throbs oft in my heart's deep core,
As the sweet, sweet love of the days long fled
1s thrilled into life once more.

ately to the inclination, so that when this amounted to 70° or 80° the rotation increased to 80-6, much less therefore than was admitted by Hueck. (See Centralblatt, No 5, 1871, and Skrebitzy in the Nederland. Archiv. f. geneesen Naturkunde, Band V. p. 474.)

WHAT NATURAL SELECTION CAN NOT DO. |tion has often led to the most brilliant re

BY ALFRED RUSSELL WALLACE.

sults. In the case of man, there are facts of the nature above alluded to, and in calling attention to them, and in inferring a cause for them, I believe that I am as strictly within the bounds of scientific investigation as I have been in any other portion of my work.

The Brain of the Savage shown to be Larger

than he Needs it to be.

IN considering the question of the development of man by known natural laws, we must ever bear in mind the first principle of "natural selection," no less than of the general theory of evolution, that all changes of form or structure, all increase in the size of an organ or in its complexity, all greater specialization or physiological division of labour, can only be brought Size of Brain an important Element of about, in as much as it is for the good of Mental Power.- The brain is universally the being so modified. Mr. Darwin him- admitted to be the organ of the mind; and self has taken care to impress upon us, it is almost as universally admitted, that that "natural selection" has no power to size of brain is one of the most important produce absolute perfection but only rel- of the elements which determine mental ative perfection, no power to advance any power or capacity. There seems to be no being much beyond his fellow beings, but doubt that brains differ considerably in only just so much beyond them as to en- quality, as indicated by greater or less able it to survive them in the struggle for complexity of the convolutions, quantity existence. Still less has it any power to of grey matter, and perhaps unknown peproduce modifications which are in any culiarities of organization; but this difdegree injurious to its possessor, and Mr. fence of quality seems merely to increase Darwin frequently uses the strong expres- or diminish the influence of quantity, not sion, that a single case of this kind would to neutralize it. Thus, all the most emibe fatal to his theory. If, therefore, we nent modern writers see an intimate confind in man any characters, which all the nection between the diminished size of evidence we can obtain goes to show would the brain in the lower races of mankind, have been actually injurious to him on and their intellectual inferiority. The their first appearance, they could not pos- collections of Dr. J. B. Davis and Dr. Morsibly have been produced by natural selec- ton give the following as the average intion. Neither could any specially devel-ternal capacity of the cranium in the chief oped organ have been so produced if it had been merely useless to him, or if its use were not proportionate to its degree of development. Such cases as these would prove, that some other law, or some other power, than "natural selection" had been at work. But if, further, we could see that these very modifications, though hurtful or useless at the time when they first appeared, became in the highest degree useful at a much later period, and are now essential to the full moral and intellectual development of human nature, we should then infer the action of mind, foreseeing the future and preparing for it, just as surely as we do, when we see the breeder set himself to work with the determination to produce a definite improvement in some cultivated plant or domestic animal. I would further remark that this inquiry is as thoroughly scientific and legitimate as that into the origin of species itself. It is an attempt to solve the inverse problem, to deduce the existence of a new power of definite character, in order to account for facts which according to the theory of natural selection ought not to happen. Such problems are well known to science, and the search after their solu

races: Teutonic family, 94 cubic inches; Esquimaux, 91 cubic inches; Negroes, 85 cubic inches; Australians and Tasmanians, 82 cubic inches; Bushmen, 77 cubic inches. These last numbers, however, are deduced from comparatively few specimens, and may be below the average, just as a small number of Finns and Cossacks give 98 cubic inches, or considerably more than that of the German races. It is evident, therefore, that the absolute bulk of the brain is not necessarily much less in savage than in civilized man, for Esquimaux skulls are known with a capacity of 113 inches, or hardly less than the largest among Europeans. But what is still more extraordinary, the few remains yet known of pre-historic man do not indicate any material diminution in the size of the brain case. A Swiss skull of the stone age, found in the lake dwelling of Meilen, corresponded exactly to that of a Swiss youth of the present day. The celebrated Neanderthal skull had a larger circumference than the average, and its capacity, indicating actual mass of brain, is estimated to have been not less than 75 cubic inches, or nearly the average of existing Australian crania. The Engis skull, perhaps the

oldest known, and which, according to Sir only 28 cubic inches, the latter, one of 39, John Lubbock, "there seems no doubt or, in the largest specimen yet known, of was really contemporary with the mam- 34 1-2 cubic inches. We have seen that moth and the cave bear,” is yet, according the average cranial capacity of the lowest to Professor Huxley, “a fair average skull, savages is probably not less than five-sixths which might have belonged to a philoso- of that of the highest civilized races, while pher, or might have contained the thonght- the brain of the anthropoid apes scarcely less brains of a savage." Of the cave men amounts to one-third of that of man, in of Les Eyzies, who were undoubtedly con- both cases taking the average; or the protemporary with the reindeer in the South portions may be clearly represented by of France, Professor Paul Broca says (in the following figures anthropoid apes, a paper read before the Congress of 10; savages, 26; civilized man, 32. But Pre-historic Archæology in 1868) "The do these figures at all approximately repgreat capacity of the brain, the develop- resent the relative intellect of the three ment of the frontal region, the fine ellipti- groups? Is the savage really no further cal form of the anterior part of the profile removed from the philosopher, and so of the skull, are incontestible characteris- much removed from the ape, as these tics of superiority, such as we are accus- figures would indicate? In considering tomed to meet with in civilized races; " yet the great breadth of the face, the enormous development of the ascending ramus of the lower jaw, the extent and roughness of the surfaces for the attachment of the muscles, especially of the masticators, and the extraordinary development of the ridge of the femur, indicate enormous muscular power, and the habits of a savage and brutal race.

These facts might almost make us doubt whether the size of the brain is in any direct way an index of mental power, had we not the most conclusive evidence that it is so, in the fact that, whenever an adult male European has a skull less than nineteen inches in circumference, or has less than sixty-five cubic inches of brain, he is invariably idiotic. When we join with this the equally undisputed fact, that great men -those who combine acute perception with great reflective power, strong passions, and general energy of character, such as Napoleon, Cuvier and O'Connell, have always heads far above the average size, we must feel satisfied that volume of brain is one, and perhaps the most important, measure of intellect; and this being the case, we cannot fail to be struck with the apparent anomaly, that so many of the lowest savages should have as much brains as average Europeans. The idea is suggested of a surplusage of power; an instrument beyond the needs of its pos

sessor.

Comparison of the Brains of Man and of Anthropoid Apes.· In order to discover if there is any foundation for this notion, let us compare the brain of man with that of animals. The adult Orang-utan is quite as bulky as a small sized man, while the Gorilla is considerably above the average size of man, as estimated by bulk and weight; yet the former has a brain of

this question, we must not forget that the heads of savages vary in size, almost as much as those of civilized Europeans. Thus, while the largest Teutonic skull in Dr. Davis' collection is 112.4 cubic inches, there is an Araucanian of 115.5, an Esquimaux of 113.1, a Marquesan of 110.6, a Negro of 105.8, and even an Australian of 104.5 cubic inches. We may, therefore, fairly compare the savage with the highest European on the one side, and with the Orang, Chimpanzee, or Gorilla, on the other, and see whether there is any relative proportion between brain and intellect.

Range of intellectual power in Man.First let us consider what this wonderful instrument, the brain, is capable of in its higher developments. In Mr. Galton's interesting work on "Heriditary Genius," he remarks on the enormous difference between the intellectual power and grasp of the well-trained mathematician or man of science, and the average Englishman. The number of marks obtained by high wranglers, is often more than thirty times as great as that of the men at the bottom of the honour list, who are still of fair mathematical ability; and it is the opinion of skilled examiners, that even this does not represent the full difference of intellectual power. If, now, we descend to those savage tribes who only count to three or five, and who find it impossible to comprehend the addition of two or three without having the objects actually before them, we feel that the chasm between them and the good mathematician is so vast, that a thousand to one will probably not fully express it. Yet we know that the mass of brain might be nearly the same in both, or might not differ in a greater proportion than as 5 to 6; whence we may fairly infer that the savage possesses a brain capa