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1. Of the Arabs before Mohammed; or, as they express it, in the Time of Ignorance; their History, Religion, Learning, and Customs...

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2. Of the State of Christianity, particularly of the Eastern Churches, and Judaism, at the time of Mohammed's appearance; and of the methods taken by him for the establishing his Religion, and the circumstances which concurred thereto... 23 3. Of the Korân itself, the Peculiarities of that book; the Manner of its being written and published, and the general Design of it.......

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4. Of the Doctrines and positive Precepts of the Korân which relate to Faith and Religious Duties......

5. Of certain negative Precepts in the Korân....................

6. Of the Institutions of the Korân in Civil Affairs .......

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50

..... 87

94

Of the Months commanded by the Korân to be kept sacred; and of the setting apart Friday for the especial service of God.........

....... 105

8. Of the principal Sects among the Mohammedans; and of those who have pretended to Prophecy among the Arabs, in or since the time of Mohammed .......

(xvii)

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Chap

Page.

1. Intitled, The Preface, or Introduction; containing 7 verses

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2. Intitled, The Cow; containing 286 verses .........

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3. Intitled, The Family of Imrân; containing 200 (199) verses..
4. Intitled, Women; containing 175 verses............

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8. Intitled, The Spoils; containing 76 verses ........

138

9 Intitled, The Declaration of Immunity (Conversion); containing 139 (130)

verses.....

148

.. Intitled, The Night Journey; containing 110 (111) verses.

10 Intitled, Jonas; containing 109 verses......
11. Intitled, Hud; containing 123 verses........
12. Intitled, Joseph; containing 111 verses......
13. Intitled, Thunder; containing 43 verses.....
14. Intitled, Abraham; containing 52 verses.....
15. Intitled, Al Hejr; containing 99 (100) verses.......
16. Intitled, The Bee (The Bees); containing 128 verses

18. Intitled, The Cave; containing 111 (110) verses....
19. Intitled, Mary; containing 80 (98) verses ......
20. Intitled, T. H.; containing 134 (135) verses..
21. Intitled, The Prophets; containing 112 verses......
22. Intitled, The Pilgrimage; containing 78 verses.....
23. Intitled, The True Believers; containing 118 verses
24. Intitled, Light; containing 74 (64) verses........
25. Intitled, Al Forkan (The Korân); containing 77 verses
26. Intitled, The Poets; containing 227 (228) verses..
27. Intitled, The Ant; containing 93 (95) Verses .....

28. Intitled, The Story (The History); containing 87 (88 verses
29. Intitled, The Spider; containing 69 verses......

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30. Intitled, The Greeks; containing 60 verses.....

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31. Intitled, Lokmân; containing 34 verses......

335

32. Intitled, Adoration; containing 29 (30) verses..

338

33. Intitled, The Confederates (The Conspirators); containing 73 verses..
34. Intitled, Saba; containing 54 verses.......

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* The titles and figures within parentheses are those which are given in the translation by SAVARY

(xviii)

Chap.

35. Intitled, The Creator (The Angels); containing 45 verses

36. Intitled, Y. S. (I. S.); containing 83 verses...............

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Pago.

357

361

37. Intitled, Those who rank themselves in Order (The Classes); containing 182 verses 365
38. Intitled, .S.; containing 86 (88) verses.......

39. Intitled, The troops; containing 75 verses

371

377

383

10. Intitled. The True Believer; containing 85 verses

41. Intitled, Are distinctly explained (The Explanation); containing 54 (55) verses.. 389
12. Intitled, Consultation (The Council); containing 53 verses .......

393

43. Intitled, The Ornaments of Gold (Dress); containing 89 verses

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47. Intitled, Mohammed (The Battle); containing 38 (40) verses ...

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48. Intitled, The Victory; containing 29 verses......

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49. Intitled, The Inner Apartments (The Sanctuary); containing 18 verses.......
50. Intitled, K.; containing 45 verses ......

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51. Intitled, The Dispersing (The Breath of the Winds); containing 60 verses..........
52. Intitled, The Mountain; containing 48 (49) verses ....

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56. Intitled, The Inevitable (The Judgment); containing 99 (96) verses

68. Intitled, The Pen; containing 52 verses

55. Intitled, The Merciful; containing 78 verses .............

57. Intitled, Iron; containing 29 verses ......

58. Intitled, She who disputed (The Complaint); containing 22 verses.
59. Intitled, The Emigration (The Assembly); containing 24 (25) verses...........
60. Intitled, She who is tried (The Proof); containing 13 verses
61. Intitled, Battle Array (The Array); containing 14 verses.....
62 Intitled, The Assembly (Friday); containing 11 verses .....

63. Intitled, The Hypocrites (The Impious); containing 11 verses..
64. Intitled, Mutual Deceit (Knavery); containing 18 verses
65. Intitled, Divorce; containing 12 verses .............
66. Intitled, Prohibition; containing 12 verses ....

67. Intitled, The Kingdom; containing 30 verses ..

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69. Intitled, The Infallible (The Inevitable Day); containing 52 verses...
70. Intitled, The Steps (The Classes or The Orders); containing 44 verses...
71. Intitled, Noah; containing 28 verses ......

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72. Intitled, The Genii; containing 28 verses...

467

73. Intitled, The Wrapped up (The Prophet clothed in his Dress); containing 19
(20) verses..............

469

74. Intitled, The Covered (The Mantle); containing 55 verses
75. Intitled, The Resurrection; containing 40 verses
76. Intitled, Man; containing 31 (30) verses ☀☀☀☀☀☀☀

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77. Intitled, Those which are sent (The Messengers); containing 50 verses .......
78. Intitled, The News (The Important News); containing 40 (41) verses ........
.. 477
79. Intitled, Those who tear forth (The Ministers of Vengeance); containing 46 (47)

.. 476

verses......

80. Intitled, He Frowned (The Frowning Brow); containing 42 verses.......
81. Intitled, The Folding up (The Darkness); containing 29 (28) verses ...... 480
82. Intitled, The Cleaving asunder (The Breaking); oontaining 19 verses ........ 482
83. Intitled, Those who give short Measure or Weight (The Unjust Measure);
containing 36 verses...........

. 478
479

482

84. Intitled, The Rending in sunder (The Opening); containing 23 (25) verscs .... 484
35. Intitled, The Celestial Signs; containing 22 verses •*•·

485

86. Intitled, The Star which appeareth by Night (The Nocturnal Star); containing

1 verses .....

Chap.

87. Intitled, The Most High; containing 19 verses....

Page

486

88. Intitled, The Overwhelming (The Gloomy Veil); containing 26 (27) verses .. 487
89. Intitled, The Day-break; containing 30 verses......
90. Intitled, The Territory (The City); containing 20 verses
91. Intitled, The Sun; containing 15 (16) verses....
92. Intitled, The Night; containing 21 verses ...

488

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. 491

491

93. Intitled, The Brightness (The Sun in his Meridian); containing 11 verses ...
94. Intitled, Have we not opened (The Expanding); containing 8 verses......... 493
493
95. Intitled, The Fig (The Fig-tree); containing 8 verses

492

96. Intitled, Congealed Blood (The Union of the Sexes); containing 19 verses.... 494
97. Intitled, Al Kadr (The Celebrated Night); containing 5 verses......
98. Intitled, The Evidence; containing 8 verses .......

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495

495

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496

99. Intitled, The Earthquake; containing verses........
100. Intitled, The War Horses which run swiftly (The Coursers); con. 11 verses.. 497
. 497
101. Intitled, The Striking (The Day of Calamities); containing 10 (8) verses .....
102. Intitled, The Emulous Desire of Multiplying (The Love of Gain); con. 8 verses 498
103. Intitled, The Afternoon; containing 3 verses ......
104. Intitled, The Slanderer; containing 9 verses ........

105. Intitled, The Elephant; containing 5 verses. • • • • •

106. Intitled, Koreish The Koreishites); containing 4 verses

107. Intitled, Necessaries (The Succouring Hand); containing 7 verses
108. Intitled, Al Cawthar; containing 3 verses .....

109. Intitled, The Unbelievers; containing 6 verses.

110. Intitled, Assistance; containing 3 verses ..............
111. Intitled, Abu Laheb; containing 5 verses..

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112. Intitled, The Declaration of God's unity (Unity); containing 4 verses........ 504
113. Intitled, The Day-break (The God of Morning); containing 5 verses ....................
114. Intitled, Men; containing 6 verses .....

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THE

PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

SECTION J.

THE ARABS BEFORE MOHAMMED, OR, AS THEY EXPRESS IT, IN THE TIME OF IGNORANCE; THEIR HISTORY, RELIGION, LEARNING, AND CUSTOMS.

THE Arabs, and the country they inhabit, which themselves call Jezîrat al Arab, or the Peninsula of the Arabians, but we Arabia, were so named from Araba, a small territory in the province of Tehâma;' to which Yarab the son of Kahtân, the father of the ancient Arabs, gave his name, and where, sorne ages after, dwelt Ismael the son of Abraham by Hagar. The Christian writers for several centuries speak of them under the appellation of Saxons; the most certain derivation of which word is from shark, the east, where the descendants of Joctan, the Kahtân of the Arabs, are placed by Moses,' and in which quarter they dwelt in respect to the Jews.

The name of Arabia (used in a more extensive sense) sometimes comprehends all that large tract of land bounded by the river Euphrates, the Persian gulf, the Sindian, Indian, and Red Seas, and part of the Mediterranean: above two-thirds of which country, that is, Arabia properly so called, the Arabs have possessed almost from the flood; and have made themselves masters of the rest, either by settlements, or continual incursions; for which reason the Turks and Persians at this day call the whole Arabistan, or the country of the Arabs.

But the limits of Arabia, in its more usual and proper sense, are much narrower, as reaching no farther northward than the Isthmus, which runs from Aila to the head of the Persian Gulf, and the borders of the territory of Cûfa; which tract of land the Greeks nearly comprehended under the name of Arabia the Happy. The eastern geographers make Arabia Petræa to belong partly to Egypt, and partly to Sham or Syria, and the desert Arabia they call the deserts of Syria.

Proper Arabia is by the oriental writers generally divided into five provinces, viz. Yaman, Hejâz, Tehâma, Najd, and Yamâma; to which some add Bahrein, as a sixth, but this province the inore exact make part of

Pocock, Specim. Hist. Arab. 33. " Gen. x. 30. See Pocock, Specim 33, 34 • Golius ad Alfragan. 78, 79. 'Strabo says Arabia Felix was in his time divided into five kingdoms lib. 16, p. 1129.

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