photo-chemical reaction, which always gives the same monochlorodiplatinic compound, with formation of the corresponding number of chlorine ions. Secondly, they undergo a purely chemical reaction by which the platinum is precipitated in the form of platinic hydrate. Decomposition of Glucose and Galactose by different Radiations.-Daniel Berthelot and Henry Gaudechon.-In decompositions by means of light the vibratory frequence of the radiations plays the same part as temperature in decompositions by heat. Thus with glucose and sugars of aldehydic function wave-lengths between 0.30 and 0.25 μ gasify the aldehyde function COH and photolysis gives exactly two volumes of CO to one of H. More rapid vibrations attack the alcoholic functions, and the proportion of hydrogen increases until it is the predominant constituent of the mixture; at the same time the liquids become acid, and exert a reducing action in the cold, increasing quantities of CO2 and methane being evolved. Double Sulphites of Alkalis and Mercury. — H. Baubigny.-A double sulphite of sodium and mercury can be prepared by pouring a solution of sublimate into an excess of sodium sulphite. When the crystals thus obtained are heated to 100° they are not completely decomposed after two hours, and no trace of dithionic acid is obtained. The decomposition of the double salt in the cold also gives no trace of dithionic acid. Action of Hydrogen Peroxide on Trithienyl.Maurice Lanfry. When H2O2 acts on trithienyl, C4H3S-C4H2S-C4H3S, one of the thiophenic radicles loses its atom of sulphur, and then two or four atoms of oxygen are fixed, according to intensity and duration of the oxidation. The dioxygenated compound has the formula C12H8S2O2. The tetroxygenated compound, C12H8S204, has already been isolated by Renard, by the oxidation of trithienyl by means of fuming HNO3 at 150° or chromic acid in acetic solution. Action of Formic Acid on Triaryl Carbinols.A. Guyot and A. Kovache.-Experimenting with very different types of aryl carbinols the authors have found that they all liberate CO2 when heated with formic acid, but in a great majority of cases the reaction is not quantitative. If, however, some anhydrous sodium formate is previously added to the formic acid the transformation into methane derivative is integral, and the weight of the CO2 disengaged agrees exactly with that deduced from the reduction equation. The alkaline formate seems to oppose the dehydrating action of the formic acid by diluting it. Derivatives of Phenylisoxazolone.-André Meyer.Phenylisoxazolone condenses with cyclic aldehydes to give a new series of colouring substances, the chromogen of which is benzoyl phenylisoxazolone. The author has prepared various substances of this type, and has found that the dyes with a free phenol function are of a darker shade than their ethers. Acylation alters the shade more than methylation. The position of the auxochromes, OH, has an influence on the shade. The ortho-compound is generally less intensely coloured than the para derivative; but in sulphuric and alkaline solutions the reverse holds good. a Annales des Falsifications. No. 45, 1912. Determination of Rice in Adulterated Flour.P. Andouard. The percentage of rice present in adulterated flour may be determined by the following gravimetric method:-The gluten is extracted from known weight of the flour, the residue is freed from any granules of wheat or tares, washed, dried, and weighed. A second equal quantity of the flour is treated similarly, but the residue is saccharified before weighing. If 33'33 grms. of the flour are taken, and r is the difference between the weights of the residues, the percentage of rice is given by x = 42 X3. Preservation of Samples of Milk intended for Analysis. X. Rocques.-Potassium bichromate is an excellent preservative for samples of milk, but if any alteration in the composition of the milk has begun to take place it is no longer effectual. Apparently any lactic acid present acts as a reducing agent and converts the bichromate into salts of chromium. Lactose favours this reducing action of lactic acid, but lactose is not altered by bichromate when the latter is present only in the proporIt is important to tions used for preserving purposes. proceed with the analysis as quickly as possible, before the bichromate is reduced, if any alteration in the samples has begun. Coffee Essence.-L. Farcy.-The sample examined, which was of Swiss origin, consisted of a brown powder, composed of shining and dull granules and smelling of From the results of the chemical and microcoffee. scopical examinations it was concluded that it contained about 50 per cent of caramel, 25 per cent of chicory, 10 to 12 per cent of roasted barley, and about the same proportion of coffee. MISCELLANEOUS. New Works and New Editions.-Messrs. J. and A. Churchill have pleasure in announcing the following:"A History of Chamistry." From the Earliest Times till the Present Day. By the late James Campbell Brown, D.Sc. (Lond.), LL.D. (Abdn.), Professor of Chemistry at Liverpool University. With a Frontispiece Portrait of the Author, and 106 Illustrations. "Notes on Chemical Research." An Account of Certain Conditions which apply to Original Investigation. By W. P. Dreaper, F.I,C., F.C.S. With a Frontispiece Portrait of Michael Faraday. (This is the first of a series of text-books of Chemical Research and Engineering, just about to be published). "A Text-book of Anatomy for Nurses." By Elizabeth R. Bundy, M.D., Member of the Medical Staff of the Women's Hospital, Philadelphia. Second Edition, with much additional matter and new illustrations. "Who's Who in Science (International), 1913." Edited by H. H. Stephenson. Containing biographies of the leading followers of the following sciences :Agriculture, anatomy, anthropology, astronomy, bacteriology, botany, chemistry, engineering, forestry, geography, geology, mathematics, medicine, meteorology, mineralogy, pathology, pharmacology, physics, physiology, psychology, surgery, zoology. Including also a Comprehensive list of the World's Universities, a Classified Index, and a List of the Scientific Societies throughout the World. 500 Pages. Much enlarged. MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK. MONDAY, 16th.-Royal Society of Arts, 8. (Cantor Lecture). "Methods of Economising Heat," by C. R. Darling. WEDNESDAY, 18th.-Royal Society of Arts, 8. "The Pictorial Possibilities of Work," by Joseph Pennell. Microscopical, 8. Lantern Demonstration on Insect Intelligence, by F. Enock. THURSDAY, 19th.-Chemical, 8.30. "Dibenzyl and Diphenyl Silicols and Silicones," by G Martin. "An Attempt to Harmonise the Relation between Temperature and Rotation for Light of all Refrangibilities of certain Active Substances, both in the Homogeneous State and in Solution," by T. S. Patterson. "Photography of Absorption Spectra," by T. R. Merton. "Constitution of Ortho.diazoimines-Part II., The p-Tolylnaphthatriazoles," by G. T. Morgan and F. M. G. Micklethwait. "Co-ordination Compounds of Vanadium-Part I., The Acylacetonates," by G. T. Morgan and H. W. Moss. "Optically Active Glycols derived from the Phenyl-lactic Acids," by A. McKenzie and G. Martin "Diphenylene," by J. J. Dohbie, J. J. Fox, and A. J. H. Gauge. "New Method for the Estimation of Hypochlorites," by H. G. Williams, Illustrated Catalogue and a sample of Quartz Glass will be sent free on application. class of work produced Weight thermometers. Almost any complicated design can be reproduced in The SILICA SYNDICATE, Ltd., Grand Prix, 82, Hatton Garden, Turin, 1911. LONDON, E.C. Telegraphic Address: "Silexate, Smith, London." (Two words only chargeable). Dec. 13, 1912. FREDK. JACKSON & CO., Ltd., 14, CROSS STREET, MANCHESTER. GOODS ENTRANCE: 10, Half Moon Street. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: BALANCES, Apparatus, Manchester. GENERAL CHEMICAL APPARATUS, HEMPEL and ORSAT GAS ANALYSIS THE LONDON GAS REFEREES' CAS BURETTES OF VARIOUS KINDS. PORCELAIN- HALDENWANGER Can be obtained from all businesses which deal in Chemical Apparatus. London: Printed and Published for the Proprietor by EDWIN JOHN DAVEY, at the Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, E.C. December 13, 1912 Edited by AND JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE Establish Sir Wm. Crookes, O.M., F.R.S.] (WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE "CHEMICAL GAZETTE"). Vol 106.-No. 2769. [Cop Friday, December 20, 1912. [Sixty-eight Years Registered as PRICE 44. The Diffase Reflecting Power of various Substances, by W. W. The Oxalate-permanganate Process for the Determination of The Determination of Solubility, by W. R. Forbes.............. 300 CHEMICAL SOCIETY.. SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS, &c. ..... .......... 300 ... 306 CORRESPONDENCE.- - Simple Apparatus for the Estimation of Carbon Dioxide MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK. C. PASS AND SON, LIM., BRISTOL, Are Buyers of 306 306 LEAD ASHES, SULPHATE OF LEAD, LEAD SLAGS, ANTIMONIAL LEAD, COPPER MATTE, TIN ASHES, &c., ORES, DROSS, or RESIDUES, containing TIN, COPPER, LEAD, and ANTIMONY. Northumberland Road, BRADY & MARTIN, LTD. Newcastle-on-Tyne. CHEMICALS and Standard Reagents. SOLE MAKERS of Sodeau's Gas Analysis Apparatus and other forms for Special Research. TO LET.-Up-to-date Shop, best part of (main) Oxford Street, Whitstable-on-Sea, Kent. Grand opening for Chemists; excellent living accommodation; useful store in the Rent only £28.- Apply, G. E. FOAD, Oxford Street, Whitstable. rear. PLATINUM Utensils. We supply all forms and sizes of Platinum Utensils and Apparatus for Chemical and Physical purposes. All our utensils are hammered to shape, tested, and finished in the best manner. All kinds of Platinum scrap bought for cash or taken in exchange for new.-DERBY and CO., Ltd. 44, Clerkenwell Road, London, E.C. Victoria Bridge, Manchester. CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION. PLATINUM CRUCIBLES, UTENSILS, FOILS Bought at Highest Prices. LONDON REFINING & METALLURGICAL WORKS, 32, CLERKENWELL ROAD, LONDON, E.0. Bankers: Lox., CITY, & MID. Telephone: 388 HOLBORN. BROTHERTON & CO., Ltd, AMMONIA Offices: LEEDS. ENQUIRIES SOLICITED, KAHLBAUM'S Cloth, 316; Paper covers, 216. - (Postage, 4d. extra). THE WHEAT PROBLEM: Based on Remarks made in the Presidential Address to the British Association at Bristol in 1898. REVISED WITH AN ANSWER TO VARIOUS CRITICS By SIR WILLIAM CROOKES, F.R.S. SECOND EDITION. WITH PREFACE and additional chapter, bringing the STATISTICAL INFORMATION UP TO DATE. With Two Chapters on the Future Wheat Supply of the United States, by MR. C. WOOD DAVIS, of Peotone, Kansas, and the HON. JOHN HYDE, Chief Statistician to the Department of Agriculture, Washington. OPINIONS of the PRESS. "The student of economic science and sociology will find this volume full of interesting material. . . The entire subject is of the profoundest interest, and an excellent purpose has been served by the publication of these papers in a single volume."-The Eagle (Brooklyn, N.Y.). "In his bulky volume Sir William reproduces the gist of the sensational Bristol Address, and supplements it with carefully prepared answers to his chief critics and confirmatory chapters on the future wheat supply of the United States."-Morning Post. "The appearance of the papers in this convenient form will be welcome to everyone who appreciates the importance of the problem."-Scotsman. "The problem is one of importance, and Sir William Crookes presents it to us fortified by the opinions of two American experts." – Manchester Guardian. Dec. 20, 1912 Advertiser would be glad to hear of a young Chemist thoroughly qualified in Organic Chemistry (Yeast). State qualifications and, if any practic experience, with whom.-Address, P.R. 27." CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. Required at once, a Junior Works Chemist.— Apply, with copies of testimonials and stating qualifications, to the SECRETARY, Oxford Portland Cement Co., Ltd., Kirtlington, Oxford. Required by the Research Department, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, a CHEMIST conversant with Calorimetric work and with Gas Analysis. Applicant should preferably be a University graduate. Salary commencing at the rate of £150 per annum. -Application, together with copies of testimonials and records of work (if available), should be forwarded to SUPERINTEndent of Research, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. Vacancy for a qualified ASSISTANT (B.Sc. or A.I.C.) in the Analyst's Department, GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY Company. Competent men, who must have had one year's experience at least in the Laboratory of a Public Analyst or Fellow of the Institute in practice, should apply to THE ANALYST, Great Northern Railway, Bridge Terrace, Doncaster. |