B. Jews. Philo frequently alludes to "The Word of GOD" in a personal sense, and denominates Him the second GoD, δεύτερος Θεός. C. Christians. a. Fathers. Author of the Epistle commonly ascribed to Barnabas (A.D. 72) speaks of JESUS as the Son of GOD (c. xii.), the Upholder and End of all things (c. xii.), the Creator, Governor, and sole Judge of the world; and interprets Gen. i. 26 as the speech of the Father to Him. See cc. v. vii. Clement of Rome (A. D. 96), Epist. to the Corinthians, c. ii. "Ye were humbleminded, not boasting of anything, submitting yourselves rather than subjecting others, being content with the portion dispensed of GOD, and diligently taking heed to His words, ye were enlarged in your bowels, and His sufferings were before your eyes." See also cc. xvi. cxxxvi. and comp. c. civ. with Ps. ii. 7. Author of the work commonly called "The Shepherd of Hermas" (A.D. 100) calls JESUS the Son of GOD, and testifies that He was with the FATHER as a counsellor at the Creation." See pp. 115, 116. Polycarp, Epist. to the Philippians(A.D.108) c. vi. "For we are before the eyes of our LORD, even GOD, and must all stand before the judgment-seat of CHRIST." quainted with the promise of the true SAVIOUR, had anticipated that event, recording it as though it had actually happened, and introducing that mystery into their religious system? See Sir G. Wilkinson's Ancient Egypt, vol. I. cc. xii. xiii., especially pp. 317. Primitive tradition is also clearly discernible in the mystical sacrifice of the Phoenicians as recorded by Sanchoniatho. See Euseb. Precep. Evang. lib. 1. c. x. and lib. IV. c. xvi., and J. Bryant's Observations, &c. pp. 286-292. 8 See Dr. Pye Smith's Scripture Testimony to the Messiah, p. 579. Ignatius (A.D. 101), in his Epistle to the Smyrnæans, c. i. p. 34. "I glorify JESUS CHRIST, Who is GOD, our LORD, Who is indeed of the family of David according to the flesh; the Son of GOD, truly begotten of a virgin." He frequently calls JESUS emphatically GOD; confesses Him to be the Son of GOD, who was with the FATHER as His Eternal Word, pòaiwvwv, and proceeded from Him, according to the will of the eternally active GOD. Epist. ad Ephes. cc. vii. xviii. Rom. c. iii. Magnes. c. vi. Smyrn. c. i. Justin Martyr (A. D. 150), Dial. c. Tryph. See c. xxxvi. "You must permit me to rehearse such prophecies as I please, to demonstrate that CHRIST is called GOD, and LORD of hosts, and mystically Jacob by the HOLY GHOST." He attributes to JESUS the name and dignity of GOD. Dial. c. Tryph. cc. v. lvi. lviii. cxiii. cxxvii. &c. 1st Apol. c. lxiii. &c. xxi. Tatian (A.D. 165), Orat. cont. Græc. c. "For we are not fools, nor do we announce idle tales that GOD was made in the form of man." Melito (A.D. 175), Routh, Rel. Sacr. vol. 1. p. 112. "We are worshippers of CHRIST, verily GOD, the Word, before the worlds." Irenæus (A.D. 185), lib. II. c. xiii. § 8. "In what will the Word of GOD, nay rather God Himself, since He is the Word, differ from the Word of men, if He have the same order and progress of generation." Clement of Alexandria (A. D. 194), Quis dives salvetur, c. vi. "Our LORD, a He is GOD, foreknew both what questions He should be asked, and what answers any one would give Him." Tertullian (A.D. 200), Adv. Jud. c. vii. "CHRIST is to all a king, to all a Judge, to all GOD and LORD." Hippolytus (A.D. 220), cont. Plat. vol. i. p. 222. "For all, both righteous and unrighteous, shall be brought before GOD the Word." Origen (A.D. 240), in Joan. tom. II. 28, vol. iv. p. 87. "GOD, Who is above all created things, became man." Cyprian (A.D. 250), De Idol. Van. p. 228. "CHRIST is the power of GOD, His reason, His wisdom, and His glory." Epist. vII. p. 15. "We have an Advocate and Intercessor for our sins, JESUS CHRIST our LORD and GOD." Novatian (A.D. 257), De Trinit. c. ix. "CHRIST JESUS the LORD our GOD." Dionys. Alexandr. (A. D. 260), Adv. Paul. Samos. p. 207. "But Isaiah before this was inspired, and spake of the Child, who was GOD, the mighty God." Archelaus (A.D. 278), Routh, Rel. Sacr. vol. IV. p. 284. "These divine wonders proclaimed with a loud voice that He (CHRIST) was GOD." Methodius (A.D. 305). "For that too was CHRIST, a man filled with the pure and perfect GODHEAD, and GOD contained in man." Arnobius (A.D. 306), Contr. Gent. lib. 1. p. 24. "What! some one raging, angry, and thoroughly excited will say, Is that CHRIST GOD? We reply, GOD, and GOD in the highest sense." Peter of Alexandria (A.D. 306), Routh, Relig. Sacr. vol. I. p. 341. "Offer ing to Him most appropriate and suitable gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh, as to a king, and GOD, and man." Lactantius (A.D. 310), Epit. c. xliii. “He was with us on earth, when He put on flesh, and nevertheless He was GOD in man, and man in GOD: but that He was both, was declared before by the prophets." b. Councils. Antioch, A.D. 269, excommunicated Paul of Samosata. Sixth of Antioch, A.D. 341. Nice,' A. D. 325, against Arians. Constantinople, A.D. 381, against Mace- Ephesus, A.D. 431, against Nestorians. Constantinople, A. D. 681, against Mono theletes. c. Creeds. 1 Antiochene, A.D. 269. 2 Antiochene, A. D. 341. Nicene, A. D. 325. Athanasian, 5th century. d. Confessions. 1 Helvetic, Art. xi. 2 Helvetic, c. xi. On the nature of CHRIST the first four general Councils decreed: Nice, 1. dλnows, that He was truly GoD, against Arius. Constantinople, 2, tɛλɛws, that He was perfect man, against Apollinarius. Ephesus, 3. aotaipetws, “not dividing the substance," against Nestorius. Chalcedon, 4. dovy xuтws, "not confounding the persons," against Eutyches. These heresics are respectively condemned in the Athanasian Creed.* 66 Perfect GOD and perfect man, of a reasonable soul and human flesh subsisting," against Arius and Apollinarius. "Although He be GoD and Man, yet He is not two, but one CHRIST," against Nestorius. "One, not by conversion of the GODHEAD into flesh," against Eutyches. "The Athanasian Creed glances at one heresy or another in almost every paragraph."-Professor J. J. Blunt, PROP. IV. Bohemian, c. iv. 6. Augsburg, Art. vi. The SON is of one substance with the FATHER. 1. Reason. It has been proved that the SON is very and eternal GOD. He is, therefore, of one substance with the FATHER; for if otherwise, then there would be more GODS than one. 2. Divine Testimony. A. Old Testament. Zech. xiii. 7. "Awake, O sword, against My shepherd, and against the man that is My fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn Mine hand upon the little ones." B. New Testament. John xiv. 9. "Have I been so long time with See also John viii. 19; xii. 45. Col. i. 15. Passages wherein JESUS is called ὁ ίδιος υἱος 3. Human Testimony. a. Fathers. Tertullian, Adv. Prax. c. iv. "The SoN is of the substance of the FATHER.” See also idem, c. xxii. Ignat. Epist. ad Magnes. c. vii. ad Smyrn. c. iii. Clem. Alex. lib. vII. c. xiii. Iren. Adv. Hæres. lib. II. c. xvii.; lib. IV. c. xxxiii. Tertull. de Orat. c. ii. Hippol. cont. Noet. c. vii. Orig. cont. Cels. lib. VIII. c. xii.; In Gen. vol. II. p. 34; Hom. in Gen. xvii. § 5, vol. II.; In Ezek. |