jungendæ Necessitate et Modo universo, Lips. 1759 (Opusc. Theol., Lips. 1773, ed. 2, 1792, p. 567); he does not indeed speak of the History of Doctrines as a separate science, but it is not difficult to perceive that he felt the necessity of its being so. Comp. also C. W. F. Walch, Gedanken von der Geschichte der Glaubenslehre, 2d ed. Gött. 1764.

(2) Eusebius, Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret, etc. (Editions of Valesius, Par. 1659, 3 vols. Reading, Cant. 1720, 3 vols. fol. -Manual edition of Eusebius by Heinichen, Lips. 1827-28, 3 vols., and an edition by Laemmer, Schaffhausen 1862.) [English translations of Euseb. Socrat. Sozom. Theod. and Evagrius, published by Bagster, Lond., 6 vols., also the first three by Bohn.] Rufinus, Sulpicins Severus, Cassiodorus, Epiphanius Scholasticns. Writers during the Middle Ages: Gregor. Turonensis, Beda Venerabilis, Adamus Bremensis, Nicephorus Callisti, etc. (comp. the literature in works on ecclesiastical history). Since the Reformation: the Magdeburg Centuriators under the title: Ecclesiastica Historia per aliquot studiosos et pios viros in urbe Magdeburgica, Basil. 1559–74, 13 vols. fol. Cæs. Baronius, Annales Ecclesiastici, Rom. 1588-1607, 12 vols. fol. +Odoricus Raynaldus, Annales Eccles., Rom. 1664-74, 10 vols. fol. (both edited by Mansi, along with the Critica Historico-Theologica of Pagi, Lucca, 1738, 39, 33 vols. fol.).-J. G. Arnold, Unparteiische Kirchenund Ketzerhistorie, Fkft. 1699, 4 vols. fol. Nat. Alexander, Historia Ecclesiastica, Par. 1676-86, 24 vols., Venet. 1759, 77, 9 vols. fol. +Fleury, Histoire Ecclésiastique, Paris 1691-1720, 20 vols. 4to (continued by Jean Claude Fabre, Paris 1726-40, 16 vols. 4to, and Al. de la Croix, Par. 1776-78, 6 vols.), Par. 36 vols. 12mo, 1740, 41. Tillemont, Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire Ecclésiastique des 6 premiers siècles, justifiés par les Citations des Auteurs Originaux, Paris 1693 ff., 16 vols. 4to. L. Moshemii, Institutionum Historic. Eccles. Antiquioris et Recentioris libri IV., Helmst. 1755, 64, 4to [transl. by J. Murdock, New York and London]. Ch. W. F. Walch, Historie der Ketzereien, Spaltungen und Religionsstreitigkeiten, Leipz. 1762-85, 11 vols. J. S. Baumgarten, Untersuchung theologischer Streitigkeiten mit einigen Anmerkungen, Vorrede und fortgesetzter Geschichte der Christlichen

Glaubenslehre, herausgegeben von J. S. Semler, Halle 176264, 3 vols. 4to. By the same: Geschichte der Religionsparteien, herausgegeben von J. S. Semler, ibid. 1766, 4to.

(3) Thus the works of Irenaeus, Hippolytus, Origen, Tertullian, Epiphanius, and Theodoret contain much material for the History of Doctrines in their refutation of heretics; much, too, is found scattered about in the polemical and dogmatic works of ancient and mediæval times. Thus, in the work of Bishop Facundus, of Hermiane, Pro Defensione trium Capitulorum, libri XII. (in Gallandii, Bibl. Patrum, tom. xi. p. 665 ff.), in that of the monophysite, Stephan Gobarus (in Photii Bibl. Cod. 232), as well as in the treatise of Abelard, Sic et Non (edited by G. L. Henke and G. S. Lindenkohl, Marb. 1851). More definite preparation for the History of Doctrines is found in works published after the Reformation: Dion Petavius, Opus de Theologicis Dogmatibus, Par. 1644-50, 4 vols.; Antw. 1700, 6 vols. "This work is no less ingenious than profound, and deserves to be more carefully and frequently studied than is generally done." Dorner. [The first volume of a new edition of Petau, expolitum et auctum, collatis studiis C. Passaglia et C. Schrader, was published at Rome, in 4to, 1857; published also in 8 vols. 8vo, ed. by Thomas, Barri-ducis, 1864.] +L. Thomassin, Dogmata Theologica, Par. 1684-89. Lud. Dumesnil, Doctrina et Disciplina Ecclesiæ, ex ipsis Verbis ss. codd. concc. PP. et genuinorum Monumentorum sec. seriem. temporis digesta, 4 vols., Col. 1730, fol. Io. Forbesius a Corse, Instructiones Historico-theologica de Doctrina Christiana et vario Rerum Statu Ortisque Erroribus et Controversiis, etc., Amst. 1645, fol., Gen. 1699, and in his Opera, Amst. 1703, 2 vols. fol. (vol. ii.). The design of this work is to prove the agreement between the doctrines of the Reformers and the opinions of the earlier Fathers (especially in opposition to Bellarmin). The various Loci of Chemnitz, Hutter, Quenstedt, Baier, and of Joh. Gerhard in particular, contain much historical matter: J. Gerhard, Loci Theol. (edit. of Cotta), Tüb. 1762-98, 22 vols. 4to. [Ed. by Preuss, Berol. 1863 ff.] Works which form the transition to the treatment of the History of

1

1 [Baur, Lehrb. (Einl. § 6. 2), says the three greatest leaders in the historical method of studying doctrine were the younger Walch, Semler, and Mosheim. See above, under 2.]

Doctrines as a separate science: Lor. Reinhard, Introductio in Historiam Præcipuorum Dogmatum, Jen. 1795, 4to, and J. S. Baumgarten, Evangelische Glaubenslehre, Halle 1759, 60, 4to (the above-mentioned preface to this work by Semler). [On Petavius, Forbes, Gerhard, and Quenstedt, comp. Baur, Lehrb. Einl. § 6. 1.]

(4) COMPENDIUMS AND MANUALS OF THE HISTORY OF DOCTRINES: S. G. Lange, ausführliche Geschichte der Dogmen, Lpz. 1796 (incomplete). J. Ch. Wundemann, Geschichte der christlichen Glaubenslehren vom Zeitalter des Athanasius bis Gregor den Gr., 1st and 2d vols., Leipz. 1798-99 (fragmentary). *W. Münscher, Handbuch der christlichen Dogmengeschichte, Marb. vols. i. and ii. 1797 (third edit. without alteration, 1817, 18); vol. iii. 1802, 1804; vol. iv. 1809 (only to the year 604); the first treatment of the History of Doctrine in the pragmatic method. By the same: Lehrbuch der christlichen Dogmengeschichte, Marb. 1812, 19, 3d ed., mit Belegen aus den Quellenschriften, Ergänzungen der Literatur, historischen Notizen und Fortsetzungen versehen von Dan. von Cölln, 1st part, Cassel 1832, 2d part, ibid. 1834 (edited by Hupfeld); 2d part, 2d section (also under the title: Lehrbuch der christlichen Dogmengeschichte von der Reformationszeit bis auf unsere Tage), by Ch. Gotth. Neudecker, Cassel 1838 [Münscher's Manual, translated by T. Murdock, New Haven, 12mo, 1830]. Friedr. Münter, Handbuch der ältesten christlichen Dogmengeschichte, from the Danish, by Evers, 1st vol., Gött. 1802 (incomplete). *J. Ch. W. Augusti, Lehrbuch der christlichen Dogmengeschichte, Leipz. 1805, 4th ed. 1835. L. Bertholdt, Handbuch der Dogmengeschichte, herausg. von Veit Engelhardt, Erl. 1822, 23, 2 vols. F. A. Ruperti, Geschichte der Dogmen, oder Darstellung der Glaubenslehre des Christenthums von seiner Stiftung bis auf die neueren Zeiten, insbesondere für Studierende der Theologie und zu ihrer Vorbereitung auf ihre Prüfung, Berlin 1831. *L. F 0. Baumgarten-Crusius, Lehrbuch der christlichen Dogmengeschichte, Jena 1832, 2 vols. C. G. H. Lentz, Geschichte der christlichen Dogmen in pragmatischer Entwicklung, Helmst. 1834, 1st vol. H. Klee, Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte, 1st vol. Mainz 1837, 2d vol. 1838. [German ed. out of print; French transl., Paris, Le Cofire, 1848.]

J. G. V. Engelhardt, Dogmengeschichte, 2 vols., Neust. 1839. *Karl Meier, Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte für akademische Vorlesungen, Giessen 1839. Baumgarten-Crusius,

*

Compendium der christlichen Dogmengeschichte, Leipz. vol. i. 1840, ii. 1846 (edited by Hase). *F. Ch. Baur, Lehrb. d. christl. Dogmengesch., Stuttg. 1849 (2d ed. 1858; 3d ed. 1867). Karl Beck, Lehrb. d. christl. Dogmengesch., Weimar 1848, Tübingen 1864. L. Noack, Die christl. Dogmengesch. nach ihrem organischen Entwicklungsgange, Erlang. 1853, 2d ed. 1856. *J. C. L. Gieseler, Dogmengeschichte (posthumous, edited by Redepenning), Bonn 1855. *A. Neander, christl. Dogmengesch., edited by J. L. Jacobi, 2 Thle., Berlin 1857, 58 (translated by J. E. Ryland in Bohn's Library). H. Schmid, Lehrbuch d. Dogmengesch., Nördlingen 1860. K. F. A. Kahnis, der Kirchenglaube, historisch-genetisch dargestellt, Leipz. 1864 (2d vol. of his Dogmatik). *F. C. Baur, Vorlesungen über die christliche Dogmeng. i. 1, herausg. v. Ferd. Fried. Baur, Leipz. 1865. [W. G. T. Shedd, A History of Christian Doctrine, 2 vols., New York 1863, Edinburgh 1872. Dr. Shedd's method is more like that of Petavius than of the more recent writers. He adopts, so to speak, the vertical and not the horizontal division of the subject, in the following manner:-Book I. Influence of philosophical systems (from Plato to the German philosophy). Book II. History of Apologies. Book III. History of Theology and Christology. Book IV. History of Anthropology. Book V. History of Soteriology. Book VI. History of Eschatology. Book VII. History of Symbols. Each subject is considered under successive periods, but the periods do not coincide. *Nitzsch, Grundriss der Dogmengeschichte, Berlin 1870; only Part I. (Patrist. period) yet published.]

:

Tables K. R. Hagenbach, Tabellarische Uebersicht der Dg. bis auf die Reformation, Basel 1828, 4to. Karl Vorländer, Tabell. übersichtl. Darstellung der Dogmengesch. nach Neanders dogmengeschichtl. Vorlesungen, Per. i. Hamb. 1835, Per. ii. 1837, Per. iii. and iv. 1855 (Dutch ed. Amsterdam 1850, 4to). K. Beck, Zeittafeln für die Dg. mit rücksicht auf Kirchen- u. Culturgeschichte, Tübingen 1864.

(5) WORKS OF MODERN AUTHORS ON CHURCH HISTORY, WHICH INCLUDE THE HISTORY OF DOCTRINES: J. M. Schröckh, christliche Kirchengeschichte, Leipz. 1768-1804, 35 vols.,

since the Reformation (continued by Tzschirner), 1804-10, 10 vols. Henke, Allgemeine Geschichte der Christlichen Kirche nach der Zeitfolge, Braunschw. 1788 ff., continued by Vater, 9 vols. (in several editions). J. E. Ch. Schmidt, Handbuch der Christlichen Kirchengeschichte, Giessen und Darmstadt 1801 ff., 6 vols. (2d ed. 1825-27), vol. vii. by Rettberg, 1834. *Aug. Neander, Allgemeine Geschichte der Christlichen Religion und Kirche, Hamb. 1825-52, vols. i.-vi. in fourteen parts. [The sixth vol. edited by K. F. H. Schneider, from Mss. 1852. A new edition, with preface by Ullmann, Gotha 1856; translation by Joseph Torrey, 5 vols., Boston 1849-54, and. in Clark's For. Theol. Lib.; also in Bohn's Library, London.] *L. Gieseler, Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte, Bonn 1824-57, 3 vols., in several parts (vol. i. 4th ed. in two parts, 1844; vol. ii. in four parts; vol. iii. 1, 1840; 4th ed. of vol. i. 1844). [Of Gieseler's work, vols. iv.-vi. are edited from his MSS. by E. R. Redepenning; the 5th vol. to 1848; the 6th vol. is the History of Doctrines to 1517. A translation of this History, to the Reformation, by Francis Cunningham, was published in Phil. 1836. Davidson and Hull's translation, in Clark's Library, Edinburgh, 5 vols. 1846-59. A new edition, revised and ed. by Henry B. Smith, New York, 5 vols.] K. Hase, Lehrbuch d. Kirchengesch., Leipz. 1833; 10th ed. 1877 [translated from 7th ed. by C. E. Blumenthal and C. P. Wing, New York 1855]. H. E. F. Guericke, Handbuch d. Allg. Kirchengesch., Halle 1833; 9th ed. 1866, 3 vols. [vol. i. comprising six centuries, translated by W. G. T. Shedd, Andover 1857]. Schleiermacher, Gesch. d. Christl. Kirche (posthumous ed. by Bonnel), Berlin 1840. A. F. Gfrörer, Allg. Kirchengesch., Stuttg. 1841-46, 4 vols. Ch. W. Niedner, Gesch. d. Christl. Kirche, Leipz. 1846. J. H. Kurtz, Lehrb. d. Kirchengesch., Mitau 1840; 7th ed. 2 vols. 1874. [Same: Handbuch d. Kirchengesch., vol. i. in three parts, 2d ed. 1858.] Ph. G. A. Fricke, Lehrb. d. Kircheng. i., Leipz. 1850. [W. B. Lindner, Lehrb. d. Kircheng., 3 vols., Leipz. 1854. J. G. V. Engelhardt, Handbuch, 4 vols. 1834. J. L. Jacobi, Lehrb. i. 1850. M. T. Matter, Histoire universelle de l'Eglise, 4 vols., 2d ed. Paris 1838. H. H. Milman, Hist. of Latin Christ., 6 vols., Lond. 1854-57 (various editions). H. Stebbing's Hist. of Church to