tion; but who, looking at the rapid spread of the English race in America within the last two hundred years, and at the equally rapid extension of the same race (Anglo-Dutch) in South Africa within the last fifty years, can doubt their capability or will to accomplish all that we dare expect from them? Hence the importance of bringing religious and moral appliances to bear upon the European and native races, the future rulers and civilizers of the barbarous races beyond; and this conviction is the only excuse which can be made for the large number of European Missionaries sent by the various Churches to South Africa, a number altogether disproportionate to the claims of so small a population.

3. Some remarks on what may be styled the economics of Missionary labour appeared in the "British Quarterly Review,” August, 1851. The writer contends that the work of evangelization, so far as Missionary Societies are concerned, is complete in the Cape Colony and amongst many of the border tribes, and that it is the duty of the "Missionaries" to leave the Churches to the native pastorate, and press onward. It is obvious that European Missionaries were never intended permanently to occupy the pastorate over Native Churches; but, on the other hand, to leave Native Churches at once entirely to themselves must appear to be the wildest of all proposals, considering the long degradation of the native intellect, and the deep-seated influence of the old habits of heathendom, which require to be watched and combatted even among the best of the native converts. We believe that while by degrees the number of the European Ministers should be lessened, some exercise of European oversight will be necessary for generations to come. Every Missionary Society feels the necessity of "making haste slowly" in the gradual withdrawal of European agency from the older Missions. Meanwhile, they desire to push forward, and to preach Christ where His name has never been heard. Men's hearts burn within them when they think of the Moravians in Greenland, of the first Missionaries of the London Society in Polynesia and Madagascar, of the Baptists in Burmah, and of the Wesleyan Society in Tonga and Fiji. These belong to the "heroic" class of Missions, than which none have been more honoured of God; and the Christian Church must continue to engage in Missions of a similar character, involving alike sacrifice of comfort and risk of life, if it is to secure the approval of the great Head of the Church, and keep its hold upon the hearts of His people. It must, however, be borne in mind that

while many excellent men, competent to the ordinary work of a spiritual pastorate over Mission Churches in colonies and in localities not far removed from civilized life, are at all times available, the men and women adapted by natural gifts and special spiritual grace for the enterprise, self-sacrifice, and patient endurance needed in "heroic" Missions, are few in number; neither is it possible that many such should be raised up in our day, in which the enlarged means of self-indulgence at the command of all classes of society favour the growth of a physical and mental effeminacy which unfits men for great undertakings. The Church suffers from this much more than the world. It cannot be truly said of our politicians, our literary and scientific men, or of our merchants; but it may be said, with some show of reason, respecting our Churches in their religious enterprises, that "this is an age of little men and of little measures."

4. The first Mission in South Africa was to the Hottentots in the Cape Colony, commenced by the Moravians in 1737, and was continued until 1744. It was resuscitated in 1792, and thence extended to Kaffraria. The London Missionary Society commenced its labours in the Colony in 1798. Dr. Vanderkemp was the first Missionary to the Kaffirs. The Mission subsequently extended in 1806 beyond the Orange River into Namaqualand, and then to the Bechuana Country. Dr. Philip was the able Superintendent of these Missions for many years. Moffat and Livingstone are names connected with this Mission which are not likely to be forgotten the writings and labours of these Missionaries have done much to familiarize the English public with the condition of the Native tribes of South Africa. Livingstone, whose death in 1873 was lamented as a national loss, has been honoured with a public funeral and a grave in Westminster Abbey, this honour being paid to him however not as a Missionary, but as the greatest of African explorers. The Missionaries of the London Missionary Society, with which Dr. Livingstone was for some time identified, have manifested much enterprise and self-sacrifice, and have advanced further into the interior than those of any other Missionary Society.

5. The Wesleyan Mission to the Western portion of the Cape Colony dates from 1812, and in 1815 Barnabas Shaw began his labours in Little Namaqualand (South of the Orange River). The Mission to the Kaffirs arose out of the settlement of an English colony on the Eastern frontier in 1820. William Shaw, the English pastor to a party of Wesleyan emigrants, com

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menced this Mission in 1824. It has since extended as far as Natal, and also beyond the Orange River. From 1822 to 1827 Messrs. Hodgson, Broadbent, and afterwards J. Archbell, (Wesleyan Missionary Society), were engaged in laborious. explorations in the territory now forming the eastern district of the Orange Free State, and formed several stations. Other Missionary Societies have since occupied stations in and beyond the colonial settlements, and no country, as we have already remarked, is numerically better furnished with Missionaries than Southern Africa. Within the Colony, the Dutch Reformed, the English, and other Churches maintain their respective positions. Six English bishoprics have been established in South Africa. The English Church, through the indefatigable labours of its first Bishop, (Grey,) has within the last few years taken a leading position in the Cape Colony.

6. Four Kaffir wars to the east of the Cape, a war with the Basutos to the north, and the occupation of a large territory north and west of the Orange River by the emigrant Boers, (1834-5-6,) for some time retarded the progress of the Missions. The unexpected acknowledgment of the independence of the Dutch Republics, (the Orange River Sovereignty, and the Transvaal Republic,) by the British Government, in 1853, was felt by all the friends of Africa as injurious to the interests of the Colonists and Native Tribes, and most discreditable to the Cape and the Home Government. Since then the Colonial Government has had to take possession of the Griqua territory and of Basutuland: the former is now a colonial district, the latter is a protectorate over the Basutus. The discovery of a large diamond field, claimed by the Orange River Sovereignty as within their boundary, (a claim disallowed by the Colonial Government,) led to a large influx of population from the Colony and from Europe into Griqualand. A further discovery of gold fields far to the north, in the Transvaal Republic, is now attracting emigrants. All these events are opening out South Africa, and making it more known to the civilized world.

7. The well-ascertained fact, that, with the exception of the Hottentot dialects spoken by a few Namaquas and Koranna tribes, all the languages of South Africa, as far as the Bight of Benin in the west, and the Galla Tribes in the east, are of one family, is important and interesting, especially to philological students.

HOME RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF SOUTH AFRICA.

I. CAPE COLONY (WEST AND EAST). The promontory of the Cape was first discovered by Bartholemew Diaz, the Portuguese navigator, in 1486, and was by him called the Cape of Storms, which name was changed by the King of Portugal to that of the Cape of Good Hope. The first Dutch Colony was established by Van Reibeck in 1652, and in due time the Dutch power was extended as far as the Fish River. In 1795, the Cape Colony was taken possession of by the English Government, restored to the Dutch in 1802, again retaken by the English in 1806, since which time it has remained an English Colony. By the occupation of the territory inhabited by the Hottentot races, these aborigines, no doubt, became subject to restraints and even oppressions, which cannot be justified; but, as a race, they were saved, first by the Dutch and then by the English power, from extinction by the more warlike and powerful Kaffir tribes who, in the sixteenth century, advanced from the north-east, and came first in contact with the Hottentot tribes. These restraints upon the Hottentot population ceased in 1828, and slavery was abolished in A.D. 1834. These social changes led to a large emigration of the Dutch Boers, in 1836-8, beyond the Orange River, and to Natal. At present the Cape Colony extends as far east as the Kei River, through the annexation of British Kaffraria, and beyond the Orange River its authority is exercised over Griqualand West and the Basutu Territory.

THE ENGLISH COLONY settled in 1820 in the district called Albany has been one of the most successful of any in modern times, though much tried in the beginning. To the enterprise and industry of these "British settlers,' the Cape Colony owes its present advanced position. They have drawn out the slumbering energies of their Dutch fellow-colonists; and now both English and Dutch rival each other in all the undertakings which tend to increase the prosperity of their country. To the English settler the colony is also indebted for religious and civil liberty, a free press and constitutional self-government. GRAHAM'S TOWN (not CAPE TOWN) has been the centre of the life, intellect, and enterprise of the Cape Colony, simply because it was the capital and centre of the English settlement.

Population (of the Cape Colony), 496,381, according to the census of 1865. Of these, 181,582 are European, 81,598 Hottentot races, (including Bushmen,) 100,536 Kaffirs, 132,655 other African races, including at least 20,000 or 30,000 Mohammedans of Malay origin, or from Mozambique and other parts of South-eastern Africa; add the population of British Kaffraria, 86,201, of whom 8,138 are European, and we have a total of 582,582 in the Colony south of the Orange River.

Religious denominations.-In 1867, an estimate was taken of the various Churches in the old Colony, which, though very imperfect, is sufficiently accurate as an estimate of the relative strength of each, and of the pecuniary aid received from the Colonial Government.