f. 16. Again, see Munch in his 'Samlede died in 1751 was John Theophilus: the Afhandlinger (G. Storm), vol. iii., 1857, pedigree also gives Thomas's birth-date as 'Names of Norsk origin' f. 126 on Ketil and Jan. 5, 1720/1, and gives the name of his affiliated names Askel, Grimketil, &c. The wife, Mary, dau. of John (F. A. Crisp, 'Visit. A.-S. forms were Oseytel, Grimcytel. Com- of Eng.,' Notes, vol. ii, Shuttleworth pedipare also O. Lygh work on 'Scandinavian gree, calls him Job) Blackwood of Charlton, Personal Names." This seems to eliminate Kent. Askulfr-Anskekle, &c., as that name existed in England before the Normans came here. ALEX. C. MOFFAT.

"FRANKENSTEIN (12 S. viii. 31).-An instance of this prevalent confusion occurs in the last sentence of the fifth paragraph of chap. xxix. in 1 James Payn's novel 'By Proxy,' first published in 1878. The most satisfactory explanation of the error seems to be that Mrs. Shelley's story is little read, although most people who write have a vague acquaintance with the plot of the same. A. R. BAYLEY.

It seems probable on the whole that there were only two sons to survive infancy. It is certain that Thomas was the fourth son (see a note to the pedigree in The Genealogist), and neither authority mentions a son younger than Thomas. J. B. WHITMORE.

"Now, THEN-!" (12 S. vii. 469, 512; viii. 17, 38).-Na is paralleled in Slavonic languages by the interjection nu, used as a term of encouragement. For example, Russian, nu ?-Czech, nu dobre, shto, well, what now Well, now!" FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.

66

66

My experience of this expression differs from that of MR. ARMSTRONG. I know it as a warning. For example: two small boys climbing over a garden wall: passer. by, wishing to stop them, "Now, then! and they rapidly came back to the footpath, and decamped. Q. V.

FRIDAY STREET (12 S. vii. 490; viii. 16).— It is remarkable that replying to this query reference has not been made to the late Mr. H. A. Harben's 'Dictionary of London.' Obviously the name is derived from the day of the week and its use as a market for a specific dietary or commodity is not KENSINGTON GRAVEL AT VERSAILLES necessarily a direct cause of its being so (12 S. viii. 30, 57). That the gravel pits at named. Its earliest mention (Hen. II. Kensington were of early date is indicated cited by Harben, p. 246) is almost con- by two tokens in my cabinet, one a halftemporary with the existence of Fish wharf penny issued by Peter Sammon, dated 1667 ("Kaya que vocatur Le Fisshewarff." vide" in Kinsington Gravel Pits.' The other, Harben, p. 233). This and other places were retail markets of Friday's special need without being so named; so the inference is that the market that gave Friday Street its name was not principally in fish or supported by fishmongers. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

THE REV. JOHN THEOPHILUS DESAGULIERS (12 S. v. 318).-It appears from Agnew, Protestant Exiles from France,' (2nd ed.), ii. pp. 89-94, and the pedigree in The Genealogist, vol. v., that John Theophilus Desaguliers, married at Shadwell on Oct. 14, 1712, Joanna, dau. of William Pudsey, Esq. About his three sons referred to in the 'D.N.B.,' there is some discrepancy.

Agnew gives (1) John Theophilus, b. Mar. 7, 1715; d. Aug. 19, 1716; (2) John Theophilus, b. Aug. 18, 1718; (3) John Isaac, b. Oct. 17, 1719, a beneficed clergyman in Norfolk, who survived only to 1751; (4) Thomas, b. Feb. 5, 1721, Equerry to George III.; with other details given in 'D.N.B.'

According to the pedigree John Isaac, the third son, d. Oct. 31, 1719, and the son who

a halfpenny of Robert Davenporte (undated but of the same period), at Kinsington Gravell Pits."

6

WILLIAM GILBERT, F.R.N.S.

The following will be found in Swift's Journal' to Stella, November, 1711 :

"The Lord Treasurer has had an ugly return of his gravel. 'Tis good for us to live in gravelpits [Kensington Gravel Pits was noted for its good air] but not for gravel pits to live in us;

a man in this case should leave no stone unturned." H. E. T.

REPRESENTATIVE COUNTY LIBRARIES : PUBLIC AND PRIVATE (12 S. viii. 8, 34, 54).— There is one aspect of this question which will be abundantly obvious to PUBLIC LIBRARIAN, although, in his position, he could not be expected to refer to it, viz., that private collectors would frequently be placed on the horns of a dilemma, either to run the risk of damage to, or the loss of some of, their treasures as a consequence of lending, or appear churlish by refusing to lend. it is a lamentable fact that few people are

For

capable of handling books properly. Hence I have no desire to advertise my own fairly large collection of Yorkshire books.

all the natives old and young participate.
I fancy the sign then gets badly used.
What I wish to know is this, why was the
There are
house called The Green Man?
other "publics" of like nomenclature, for
example, Leytonstone and Winchmore Hill,
Neither of those taverns have any painted
figures.
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
Percy House, Well Street, S. Hackney, E.9.
CHARLES PYE, ENGRAVER (12 S. viii. 10).

In addition to the collection in York Minster Library mentioned by ST. SWITHIN, DR. ROWE may like to know that the Wakefield Public Library has a large collection of me local works. If my memory serves correctly, these were once the property of Charles Skidmore, Esq., who had its contents catalogued by the late C. A. Federer.Charles Pye (not G. Pye) was born in This catalogue, privately printed, is extremely useful guide. Mr. W. T. Free mantle's ‘Bibliography of Sheffield Books may also be mentioned here, it is a model of what such a work should be, and it is to be hoped that we may see it completed, for as yet it only comes down to the year 1700.

E. G. B.

an

EARLY ASCENT OF MONT BLANC (12 S. viii. 30).-Henry Humphrey Jackson, who made the thirteenth successful ascent of Mont Blanc, Sept. 4, 1823, was the only son He was of Henry Jackson of Lewes, Sussex. born Feb. 5, 1801, and was admitted to Westminster School, Jan. 10, 1815, where he remained until April, 1819. He matriculated at Oxford from Exeter Coll., June 2, 1819, but appears to have never resided there. I should be glad to ascertain the date of his

death.

G. F. R. B.

It seems not unlikely that the eleventh of Mr. Montagnier's series was John Dunn Gardner, born July 20, 1811, died Jan. 11, 1903. He was educated at Westminster, He died and was M.P. for Bodmin, 1841-6. J.P. for the Isle of Ely, and D.L. for Cambridgeshire. He married: (1) 1847, Mary, dau. of Andrew Lawson, late M.P., of The Hall, Boroughbridge, Yorks; and (2) 1853, Ada, dau. of William Pigott, of Dullingham House, Cambridgeshire.

HARMATOPEGOS

THE GREEN MAN: ASHBOURNE (12 S. viji. 29).—I remember visiting this old country town and remarking what I believe is a unique feature. There is a strange local custom of playing football there in the main street at certain fixed periods. In this sport

Birmingham in 1777. He was apprenticed to James Heath, the celebrated engraver. He published a very interesting Description of Modern Birmingham, made in an Excursion round the Town in 1818.' In 1808 William Hamper the antiquary writes :

66

Charles Pye the engraver has returned to Birmingham. He is much improved (witness his plate of Malmesbury Cross in Britton's Antiquities'), and is certainly an able artist. He has made drawings of the Birmingham Priory and Deritend Guild Seals, and will engrave them for me, and as he intends to follow the profession of a draughtsman (for which he is well fitted), in preference to an engraver, I shall find him very useful about Aston Church, its interesting monuments, &c.

On Apr. 1, 1852, Pye writes from London to a friend :-

"Although my sight still continues very bad, I have managed to put together the coins promised, and have sent them to you by rail addressed to the Stamp Office."

He gives particulars, and says he still has the copper-plates of the octavo edition and would be glad to sell them, but those of the quarto edition he has sold to Sir George Chetwynd, who, he believes, has

left them, together with the coins they illustrated to trustees, and having omitted to mention the subject or intention of the trust, the coins, &c., have been packed in a box, and will now be deposited in the cellars of his former bankers here; where I suppose they will remain unseen and unknown until some future Sir George may feel sufficient interest in the matter to bring them to light again.”

The writer of the letter containing the above details (signed "J. M., 53 Gough Road, Birmingham ") hopes that the coins He says he has a small may be found. statuette of Pye, and speaks of a private token issued by the latter as a beautiful example of the die-sinker's art.

Charles Pye had a younger brother John, who was a far more famous engraver than He was a well-known man, and himself. energetically advocated the admission of engravers to the honours of the Royal Academy. The particulars of his life will

be found in the 'D.N.B.' He died in London at a great age in 1874.

There was another John Pye, also a noted engraver, some of whose works were published by Boydell in 1775. The date of his death appears to be unknown, and there is no appearance of any connexion between him and the family of Charles Pye. HOWARD S. PEARSON.

66

Carlyle wrote) of the beautiful landscape and of his delightful home, as romantic as it was picturesque. Carlyle tells us that he surrounded himself with flocks of tame parrots," whereas the parrots were, no doubt, always there and would have remained there without Billaud's kind attentions. This judicial assassin occupied himself mainly with agricultural pursuits, meditating on the doctrines contained in KENTISH BOROUGHS (12 S. vii. 511).—Emile,' impressing upon his erring wife in "Borough as used by Hasted and earlier Kentish writers is equivalent to tithings in other counties, i.e.,“ a district composed originally of ten freemen, heads of families who were sureties for each other" (Sandys, History of Gavelkind').

The borough of Crothall is, no doubt, now indicated by a farm in Benenden parish called Critt Hall and in former times, Crit Hole.

In Benenden churchyard there are, or were, several gravestones to members of a family named Crothall dating from 1738-52, and a Robert Crothall is mentioned in the Archdeacon's 'Visitation' of 1603. It is probable that there was a of the same name spelt Cradhole or Crithole. H. HANNEN.

The Hall, West Farleigh, Kent.

66

"dene

HEIGHTEM, TIGHTEM AND SCRUB (12 S. vii. 248, 295, 356).—“Hightum, Tightum, and Scrub are mentioned under the year 1818, in I. T. Smith's 'A Book for a Rainy Day,' edited by Wilfred Whitten (1905), p. 230. A. H. S.

CARLYLE'S FRENCH REVOLUTION' (12 S. viii. 29).—It looks very much as if Carlyle has made a mistake, for Billaud-Varennes was banished to Sinnamari, which is near Cayenne, and the Surinam is in Dutch Guiana far away. Were there an oceancurrent flowing eastward it might perhaps have carried alluvial matter from the Surinam in the direction of Sinnamari, but the Equatorial current runs in the opposite

direction.

But even if Carlyle confused the Surinam with some other river, it does not follow

that Billaud was seriously inconvenienced by river-mud on any occasion. Carlyle says little about his exile, but such impression as he gives is incorrect probably. Everything goes to prove that Billaud had as pleasant a time in French Guiana as was possible under the circumstances. He himself speaks in one of his letters (published, I think. since

66

France that there is such a thing as an irreparable fault" and enjoying the rural

calm all the more after the terrific ex

periences of his political career. Carlyle, in
short, seems to have aimed at setting forth
striking details rather than at producing a
picture of what really happened.
T. PERCY ARMSTRONG.

DANIEL DEFOE IN THE PILLORY (12 S. viii. 12).—In reply to G. B. M.'s question the following extract from The London Gazette, No. 3936, Aug. 2, 1703, may be of interest :

(London, July 31 1703.) On (Thursday) the 29th instant, Daniel Foe alias De Foe, stood in the Pillory before the Royal Exchange in Cornhill, as he did yesterday near the Conduit in Cheapside, and this day at Temple Bar; in pursuance of the sentence given against him, at the last Sessions at the Old Bailey, for writing and publishing a seditious libel, intituled The Shortest Way with fined 200 marks, to find sureties for his good By which sentence, he is also behaviour for seven years, and to remain in prison till all be performed."

the Dissenters.'

W. W. DRUETT.

PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK (AND LATIN) (12 S. viii. 26). This interesting question raises another. When was the pronunciation of Latin altered in England from the mediæval Continental fashion, in vogue at the time of the Reformation, and still used in English Roman Catholic churches. I have put the question to many scholars, each of whom has given a different answer. The process must have been gradual, but when SURREY. was it finally adopted?

FAMILY OF DICKSON (12 S. viii. 28).— MR. SETON-ANDERSON may find reference to the following work (copy in Brit. Mus.) of

interest :

Notes on Books.

BOOKS ON EIGHTEENTH CENTURY LIFE (12 S. vii. 511).—I have in my possession a MS. of the eighteenth century, which states, English Wayfariny Life in the Middle Ages. By "" or on good authority, that the "Monks members of the Medmenham Society were as follows:

"L Le De Spencer, Dr Benjamin Bates, JD Wilkes Esq', Paul Whitehead, Esq', Ld Sandwich, Revd Mr Levett, Mr Rivett, Sr Wm Stanhope, St John Delaval, Sr Wm Hamilton, Sr Thomas Stapleton.'

A good deal of information about the book called society is contained in a 'Chrysal,' written "conjunctively by the celebrated John Wilkes and a Mr. Potter, nephew to Dr. Potter, Bishop of Gloucester the story is founded on fact, but told in "a most ludicrous and exaggerated manner." The "Monks' are also dealt with in a modern novel called 'Sir Richard Escombe,' by Max Pemberton. This also appears to be somewhat highly coloured.

BENJAMIN WHITEHEAD.

'DIARY

2 Brick Court, Temple E. C.4. A NOTE ON SAMUEL PEPYS'S (12 S. vii. 507; viii. 31).-I wonder if your correspondent knows of the collection of Pepys's letters-official, I believe in the charter closet at Gordonstoun near Elgin, the seat of Sir William Gordon Cumming, to whose ancestor I think they were written. They were shown to me some twenty years

or more ago.

R. B-R.

J. J. Jusserand. A new edition revised and enlarged by the Author. (Fisher Unwin, 258.) WE are glad to welcome an old friend in a new edition of M. Jusserand's English Wayfaring It is now some five and thirty years since Life.' La Vie Nomade' first made its appearance, and some thirty since the first English edition was published. Within this period there have been not fewer than nine impressions, a fact that vouches for the popularity of the work. The volume before us is the second edition, printed from new plates, revised in the light of modern research by its distinguished author; In format, too, we note virtually a new book. ;

a difference. Those who are familiar with the older edition will not be displeased to find that this-perhaps the most successful of M. Jusserand's labours-has been brought into line with A Literary the author's more ambitious work History of the English people.' This is all to the good; for in the later impressions the plates. were beginning to exhibit distinct signs of wear and tear, and lovers of the book could not but hope that this delicate piece of work might escape the fate of most stereotyped classics. The publishers are to be congratulated on their enterprise in undertaking the work in these difficult times. and on carrying it through so successfully. In the preface to the new edition (in itself a graceful piece of writing) the author reveals to us the genesis of the work. In the first ardour of youth, when the shouldering of vast intellectual burdens is a matter lightly undertaken, he proposed to make his life companion a social history of England in the fourteenth century, that century of unique interest in which the amalgamation of race being all but complete, we see the definite STEVENSON AND MISS YONGE (12 Semerging of English traits and characteristics, viii. 30).-Someone has written me direct and the first blossoming of a national literature. But diplomatic duties proved too exacting, and referring me to :— our author abandoning perforce the whole devoted The result is a himself to perfecting the part. classic, a classic of essentially French character. For it is in the selection of a limited field of research in the digestion of a vast amount of knowledge derived from original sources, and in the presentation of the whole pleasantly leavened with a delicate play of wit and irony that the peculiar strength of much French scholarship lies. somewhat similar tour de force lies to the credit of Maitland, whose résumé of our constitutional history is a classic in its kind. is larger and occasions for the lighter touch appreciably fewer. A further merit is that the book was virtually the work of a pioneer. Attempts had been made before to present social Matthew history in a more or less popular form. Browne is still readable; but this was the first attempt of a competent scholar, the first attempt moreover based on original sources.

"The Young Stepmother' (first published as a serial in The Monthly Packet 1857-60) where Gilbert Kendal is detected reading one of the worst and most fascinating of Dumas's romances and d'Artagnan is mentioned."

As my informant omits name and address, I am unable to thank him except through 'N. & Q.', which I hasten to do; and in case the above information is not otherwise being sent to the Editor for insertion, here it is. EDWARD LATHAM.

EARLY RAILWAY TRAVELLING (12 S. vii. 461, 511; viii. 13, 32).—Humour in railway station design, described at the last reference, We have an is not confined to Ireland. example of it on the L.S.W. line at Dorchester, amusing to the leisured, and exasperating to the hurried, traveller. There, trains may daily be seen rushing past their proper platform, and then solemnly backing to the appointed place.

W. Jaggard, Capt.

A

But here the field

The book we have said is virtually a new book. This is no exaggeration. The bulk has not been appreciably increased and a page for page collation amount of additional matter. What it will reveal with an earlier impression will not reveal a large is a systematic rewriting of the whole. There is hardly a sentence but bears the trace of labor

.

Aima, of careful reconsideration and refinement readings-which heighten the vivacity of the Corrections and additions have been so skilfully characters in the greatest fiction-slightly introduced as to be barely perceptible. The reduce the effect of all but the greatest of freshness and whimsicality of treatment remain. Trollope's creations. This is perhaps to be A few new illustrations are inserted and some of put down to that inequality as a story-teller the old ones appear to have been printed from with which Prof. Saintsbury gently, but justly new blocks. The press work is good, and the reproaches Trollope. only complaint we have concerns the paper which is too heavily clayed for permanence. But times are difficult for publishers and to have carried the work through so successfully is a matter for congratulation.