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September 19th and September 25th; the earliest and latest winter ones, December 18th and December 24th. On the word Ember something will be said in the Glossary.

§ 92. Ordinations held at Ember Seasons.-The English canon already quoted states that the Ember Seasons were instituted specially for ordinations by the ancient Fathers after the example of the apostles, and it expressly enjoins that " no deacons or ministers be made and ordained," except on the Sundays following them (canon 31st). It would appear, however, that the Ember Seasons were established first and independently, and that the solemnity previously attaching to them caused them to be selected as periods for ordinations. No trace of the connection can be found before the time of Pope Gelasius (492-6), who in a letter to the bishops of Southern Italy fixes those times for the ordination of presbyters and deacons (Ep. ix. c. 11 in P. L. lix. 52).

CHAPTER XVIII.

ROGATION SUNDAY AND ROGATION DAYS.

§ 93. How acknowledged in the Prayer Book.-In the rules for finding moveable feasts, "Rogation Sunday" is defined as "five weeks," i.e. the fifth Sunday, after Easter; and among the days of fasting are included "The Three Rogation Days, being Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday before Holy Thursday or the Ascension of our Lord." No other recognition of the four days occurs in the Prayer Book. It is possible that there may be some intentional allusion to the Rogation Sunday in the Gospel selected for that day (St. John xvi. 23-30), where the word "ask" is prominent. For the meaning of Rogations see § 62.

While the Prayer Book provides nothing for the observance of these days, there is a homily, the 17th, in the Second Book of Homilies, entitled "For the Days of Rogation Week;" and this discourse closes with an "Exhortation to be spoken to such Parishes where they use their Perambulation in Rogation Week, for the oversight of the bounds and limits of their town." The Exhortation speaks of the people as being assembled "most principally" to thank God for the fruits of the earth, and to pray for a successful ingathering of them; while, secondarily, they are assembled to

"consider the old ancient bounds of the township," so as to avoid encroachments and remove occasion for contentions.

On July 22nd, 1881, a form of Prayer for Rogation Days, such as could in part be used under the new Act (§ 166) in churches, was put forth by the Convocation of Canterbury (Chron. of Convoc. vol. for 1881, p. 419). Appended to the volume here cited is a printed copy of the form, with a notification that it is sold at the National Society's Depository.

CHAPTER XIX.

THE COLLECTS OF THE CHURCH'S YEAP.

§ 94. Collects New and Old.-In the Dominical year there are sixty-six collects, and in the Saints' Days year eighteen, making eighty-four in all. Of these there are fifty-nine entirely or substantially taken from the unreformed service books, and twenty-five composed at or after the Reformation. The twenty-five later ones are the following.

Composed for the Prayer Book of 1549 :-

1st and 2nd S. in Advent.
The Nativity.
St. Stephen.
Quinquagesima.
Ash Wednesday.

1st S. in Lent.

1st & 2nd S. after Easter.

St. Thomas.

St. Matthias.

St. Mark.

SS. Philip and James.
St. Barnabas.

St. John Baptist.

St. Peter.

St. James.

St. Matthew.

St. Luke.

SS. Simon and Jude.

All Saints.

For the Prayer Book of 1552:-St. Andrew.

For the Prayer Book of 1662 :

:

3rd Sunday in Advent.
6th Sunday after Epiphany.
Easter Even.

1

Of the older forms, taken more immediately from the Sarum Use, five were contributed by the Leonine Sacramentary, viz., those for the 3rd Sunday after Easter, 5th, 9th, 13th, 14th after Trinity (P.L. lv. 28A, 78c, 80c, 84A.c.); about twenty from the Gelasian, and about thirty from the Gregorian (vide details in Dr. Bright [S.P.C.K.] and Mr. Humphry [Hum. 171]). The various writers disagree in some particulars.

M

§ 95. Classified by Subjects.

For the Church. Good Friday; 3rd Sunday after Easter; 5th, 15th, 16th, 22nd, 23rd Sundays after Trinity; St. Matthias; St. Peter; St. Bartholomew.

For Unbelievers and Misbelievers. Good Friday.
For the Holy Spirit. Sunday after Ascension; Whit-
Sunday; 19th Sunday after Trinity.

For Blessings. 12th Sunday after Trinity.

For Guidance in Life. 1st Sunday after Epiphany; 4th Sunday after Trinity.

For Providential Protection.

Trinity.

2nd Sunday after

For Preservation from Harm. 8th, 15th, 20th Sundays after Trinity.

Under Persecution. St. Stephen; St. John the Baptist.
In Dangers and Necessities. 3rd and 4th Sundays
after Epiphany; Sexagesima; 2nd and 3rd
Sundays in Lent; 3rd Sunday after Trinity.
In Temptation. 4th Sunday after Epiphany.
Under Divine Chastisement. Septuagesima; 4th
Sunday in Lent.

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