aut benè barbatos videtis; 2manicatis et talaribus tunicis; velis amictos, non togis: quorum omnis industria vitae, et vigilandi labor, in antelucanis coenis expromitur. In his gregibus omnes aleatores, omnes adulteri, omnes impuri, impudicique versantur. Hi pueri tam lepidi ac delicati, non solùm amare, et amari, neque cantare, et saltare, sed etiam sicas vibrare, et spargere venena didicerunt: qui nisi exeunt, nisi pereunt, etiam si Catilina perierit, scitote hoc in repub. seminarium Catilinarium futurum. Veruntamen quid sibi isti miseri volunt? num suas secum mulierculas sunt in castra ducturi? quemadmodum autem illis carere poterunt, his praesertim jam *noctibus quo autem pacto illi Apenninum, atque illas pruinas ac nives perferent? nisi idcirco se faciliùs hiemem toleraturos putant, quòd nudi in conviviis saltare didicerunt. O bellum magnoperè pertimescendum, cùm hanc sit habiturus Catilina scortatorum cohortem praetoriam !

5

XI. Instruite nunc, Quirites, contra has tam praeclaras Catilinae copias vestra praesidia, vestrosque exercitus et primùm gladiatori illi confecto et saucio, consules imperatores que vestros opponite: deinde contra illam naufragorum ejectam ac debilitatam ma

2. Manicatis et talaribus tunicis-The Romans wore below the toga a white woolen vest called tunica, which came down a little below the knees before, and to the middle of the legs behind, at first without sleeves. Tunics with sleeves (tunicae manicatae) or reaching to the ancles (talares) were reckoned effeminate.

3. In antelucanis coenis-Suppers at which they sat all night. 4. Noctibus-This oration was delivered in November.

5. Apenninum-The Apennine mountains extend along the middle of Italy.

6. Cohortem praetoriam-Scipio Africanus first instituted the prae. torian cohort, whose business it was to attend and serve the general as his guard.

num, florem totius Italiae ac robur educite. Jam verò urbes coloniarum ac municipiorum respondebunt Catilinae tumulis silvestribus; neque verò caeteras copias, ornamenta, praesidia vestra, cum illius latronis inopiâ atque egestate conferre debeo. Sed si, omissis his rebus omnibus, quibus nos suppeditamus, eget ille Senatu, equitibus Romanis, populo, urbe, aerario, vectigalibus, cunctâ Italiâ, provinciis omnibus, exteris nationibus ; si, inquam, his rebus omissis, ipsas causas, quae inter se confligunt, contendere velimus, ex eo ipso, quàm valde illi jaceant, intelligere possumus. Ex hâc enim parte pudor pugnat, illinc petulantia: hinc pudicitia, illinc stuprum : hinc fides, illinc fraudatio: hinc pietas, illinc scelus: hinc constantia, illinc furor: hinc honestas, illinc turpitudo : hinc continentia, illinc libido: hinc denique aequitas, temperantia, fortitudo, prudentia, virtutes omnes certant cum iniquitate, cum luxuriâ, cum ignaviâ, cum temeritate, cum vitiis omnibus: postremò copia cum egestate, bona ratio cum perditâ, mens sana cum amentiâ, bona denique spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit. In hujusmodi certamine ac praelio, non-ne, etiamsi hominum studia deficiant, dii ipsi immortales cogent ab his praeclarissimis virtutibus tot et tanta vitia superari?

XII. Quae cum ita sint, Quirites, vos, quemadmodum jam antea dixi, vestra tecta custodiis vigiliisque defendite : mihi, ut urbi, sine vestro motu ac sine ullo tumultu, satis esset praesidii consultum ac pro

7. Municipiorum-Municipia were foreign towns, whose inhabitants obtained the rights of Roman citizens.

visum est.

Coloni omnes, municipesque vestri, cer

tiores a me facti de hâc nocturnâ excursione Catilinae, facilè urbes suas, finesque defendent: gladiatores, quam sibi ille maximam manum, et certissimam fore putavit, quanquam meliore animo sunt, quàm pars Patriciorum, potestate tamen nostrâ continebuntur. Q. Metellus, quem ego prospiciens hoc, in agrum Gallicanum Picenumque praemisi, aut opprimet hominem, aut omnes ejus motus conatusque prohibebit ; reliquis autem de rebus constituendis, maturandis, agendis, jam ad Senatum referemus, quem vocari videtis. Nunc illos qui in urbe remanserunt, atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem, omniumque vestrûm, in urbe a Catilina relicti sunt, quanquam sunt hostes, tamen quia nati sunt cives, monitos etiam atque etiam volo. Mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa est, hoc expectavit, ut id, quod latebat, erumperet. Quod reliquum est, jam non possum oblivisci, meam hanc esse patriam, me horum esse consulem : mihi aut cum his vivendum, aut pro his esse moriendum; nullus est portae custos, nullus insidiator viae: si qui exire voJunt, consulere sibi possunt: qui verò in urbe se commoverit, cujus ego non modò factum, sed inceptum ullum conatumve contra patriam deprehendero, sentiet in hâc urbe esse consules vigilantes, esse egregios magistratus, esse fortem Senatum, esse arma, esse carcerem: quem vindicem nefariorum, ac manifestorum scelerum majores nostri esse voluerunt.

XIII. Atque haec omnia sic agentur, Quirites, ut res maximae minimo motu, pericula summa nullo tu

8. Metellus-This is the Quintus Metellus Celer, into whose custody Catiline offered to put himself, but who rejected him.

multu, bellum intestinum ac domesticum, post hominum memoriam crudelissimum ac maximum, me uno togato duce et imperatore, sedetur; quod ego sic administrabo, Quirites, ut, si ullo modo fieri poterit, ne improbus quidem quisquam in hâc urbe poenam sui sceleris sufferat. Sed si vis manifestae audaciae, si impendens patriae periculum me necessariò de hâc animi lenitate deduxerint, illud profectò perficiam, quod in tanto et tam insidioso bello vix optandum videtur, ut ne quis bonus intereat, paucorumque poenâ vos omnes jam salvi esse possitis. Quae quidem ego neque meâ prudentiâ, neque humanis consiliis fretus polliceor vobis, Quirites: sed multis, et non dubiis 'deorum immortalium significationibus, quibus ego ducibus in hanc spem sententiamque sum ingressus : qui jam non procul, ut quondam solebant, ab extero hoste atque longinquo, sed hîc praesentes suo numine atque auxilio sua templa, atque urbis tecta defendunt: quos vos, Quirites, precari, venerari, atque implorare debetis: ut quam urbem pulcherrimam, flo rentissimam, potentissimamque esse voluerunt, hanc omnibus hostium copiis terrâ marique superatis a perditissimorum civium nefario scelere defendant.

9. Me uno togato duce-The toga was the robe of peace; togati is often opposed to armati.

1. Deorum immortalium significationibus-Plutarch relates, that while the Vestal Virgins were performing sacred rites in Cicero's house for the safety of the people, a flame suddenly issued from the altar. Many other omens happened about this time, of which Cicero made use as means to excite in the people a sense of their danger, and to persuade them that the Gods interested themselves in the preservation of the city. These omens are more particularly mentioned in the succeeding oration.

2. Ut quondam-Referring to the Carthaginian war, and other times, when Rome was in danger from a foreign enemy.

ORATIO III. IN L. CATILINAM,

INTRODUCTION.

AFTER Catiline's departure, Lentulus and other conspirators remained in Rome to engage in the conspiracy all, who, from their vicious manners or necessitous circumstances, he thought, would be very willing to promote a revolution; not citizens only, but any kind of men, who could be usefully employed. At this time there happened to be in the city deputies from the Allobroges, Gauls inhabiting the countries now called Savoy and Dauphiné, a warlike people and ever disaffected to the Roman power. These deputies were come to solicit the Senate for some relief under the burthen of those debts, with which the nation, as well as many private persons, was overwhelmed, by means of the oppressive avarice of the Roman governors. They had met with no success, and were about returning home, when Lentulus, knowing their circumstances, and thence imagining it would not be difficult to draw them into the plot, employed Umbrenus to discover to them the whole plan of the con spiracy, and to engage their concurrence. The Allobroges at first were pleased with the prospect, and promised to furnish the con. spirators with a body of horse; but when they began to reflect upon what had been proposed to them, they resolved to discover all they had learned of the plot to Q. Fabius Sanga, who immediately gave intelligence of it to the consul. Cicero directed the deputies to feign a zeal for carrying on the enterprise, till they had acquired information of all the designs of the conspiracy, with distinct proofs against the particular actors in it. They therefore procured a meeting of the conspirators, and insisted upon an oath from Lentulus, Cethegus, Statilius, and Cassius, under their hands and seals, to shew to their constituents, who without such credentials, would never be induced to enter into an engagement so hazardous. Not suspecting any fraud, all complied, except Cassius who promised he would be in their country in a very short time. Vulturcius was appointed to introduce them to Catiline in their road, and Lentulus at the same time sent a particular letter to Catiline, under his own hand and seal, though without his name. Cicero being informed of all the proceedings of this meeting, engaged the depu ties to be upon the Milvian bridge at a certain time of night with Vulturcius, their letters, and papers, and told them, that L. Flaccus and C. Pomptinus, two of the Praetors, whom he had ordered to lie in ambush near the place with a strong guard of friends and soldiers, would there arrest them and bring them to him. His directions