civis, a numero civium; verùm etiam, si non esset, putetis asciscendum fuisse...

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III. Nam ut primùm ex pueris excessit Archias> atque ab iis artibus, quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatem informari solet, se ad scribendi studium contulit; primùm 'Antiochiae (nam ibi natus est, loco nobili, et celebri quondam urbe et copiosâ atque t eruditissimis hominibus liberalissimisque studiis affluenti) celeritèr antecellere omnibus ingenii gloriâp contigit; pòst, in caeteris Asiae partibus cunctaeque i Graeciae, sic ejus adventus celebrabatur, ut famam ingenii expectatio hominis, expectationem ipsius adventus admiratioque superaret. Erat `Italia tunc plena 2 Graecarum artium ac disciplinarum: studiaque haec et in Latio vehementiùs tum colebantur, quàm nunc iisdem in oppidis: et hic Romae propter tranquillitatem reipub. non negligebantur. Itaque hunc et Tarentini et Rhegini et Neapolitani civitate caeterisque praemiis donârunt: et omnes, qui aliquid de ingeniis poterant judicare, cognitione atque hospitio dignum existimârunt. Hâc tantâ celebritate!

9. Antiochiae Antioch was the metropolis of Syria.

1. Loco-Family.

2. Graecarum artium-After the destruction of Carthage, the bel les lettres and fine arts of Greece were introduced into Italy.

3. In Latio-Latium was a part of Italy situated near the banks of the Tiber. Rome was in this part of the country.

4. Non negligebantur-In the early ages of the republick, the wars and civil commotions of Rome made the acquisition of military tal ents to be considered as the only object of education. The old Romans rejected the arts and literature of Greece, because they thought they would make their sons effeminate. But in the later ages of the republick, when war was removed to a greater distance from the city, and Rome was tranquil, humanity, civility, the arts, and sciences were cultivated by the citizens.

5. Civitate The freedom of the city, or the privileges of a citizen.

famae cum esset jam absentibus notus, Romam venit, 'Mario consule et Catulo ; nactus est primùm consules eos, quorum alter res ad scribendum maximas, alter cum res gestas, tum etiam studium atque aures adhibere posset; statim 'Luculli, cum praetextatus etiam tum Archias esset, eum domum suam recepeSed etiam hoc non solùm ingenii ac literarum, verùm etiam naturae atque virtutis fuit, ut domus, quae hujus adolescentiae prima fuerit, eadem esset. familiarissima senectuti. Erat temporibus illis jucundus Q. Metello illi Numidico et 3ejus Pio filio: audiebatur a M. Aemilio: vivebat cum 5Q. Catulo,

6. Mario consule et Catulo-Marius and Catulus were Consuls in the 651st year of Rome; this oration was delivered in the year 692 -forty one years after Archias came to Rome.

7. Quorum alter-This was the fourth Consulship of Marius. It has been already observed, that Archias sung in Greck verse the military exploits of Marius.

8. Alter cum res gestas, etc.-Of this Catulus Cicero makes honourable mention in his treatises De Claris Oratoribus and De Oratore. It seems from this passage, that he possessed literary taste as well as military talents.

9. Luculli-Lucius Lucullus and Marcus Lucullus were brothers. Lucius triumphed over Mithridates and Tigranes. (See oration for Manilian law.) Caius triumphed over Macedonia. Plutarch says, that Lucius Lucullus collected a large library, which was open to all men of learning.

1. Praetextatus-The toga praetexta was given to young men about the sixteenth year of their age. It is probable, that Archias was rather farther advanced in life, when he went to Rome.

2. Q. Metello Numidico-This Metellus was surnamed Numidicus, because he defeated Jugurtha in two battles, and laid waste all Numidia. According to Plutarch, he was an uncle of the Luculli.

3. Ejus Pio filio-The son of Metellus was called Pius, because by his intreaties he obtained his father's recall from exile.-The old Roman signification of pietas was filial duty; theological writers use it in the sense of duty towards God, our heavenly father.

4. M. Aemilio-Aemilius Scaurus was at the head of the Senate, and a man of great influence.

5. Q. Catulo There were an orator and a Consul of this name.

R

et patre et filio: a L. Crasso colebatur: Lucullos verò, et Drusum, et Octavios, et Catonem, et totam Hortensiorum domum devinctam consuetudine cum teneret, afficiebatur summo honore, quòd eum non solùm colebant, qui aliquid percipere aut audire studebant, verùm etiam, si qui fortè simulabant.

IV. "Interim satis longo intervallo, cum esset cum L. Lucullo in Siciliam profectus, et cum ex eâ provinciâ cum eodem Lucullo decederet, venit 'Heracleam. Quae cum esset civitas aequissimo jure ac 1foedere, adscribi se in eam civitatem voluit: idque, cum ipse per se dignus putaretur, tum auctoritate et gratiâ Luculli ab Heracliensibus impetravit. Data est civitas Silvani lege et Carbonis, SI QUI FOEDERATIS CIVITATIBUS ADSCRIPTI FUISSENT: SI TUM, CUM LEX FEREBATUR, IN ITALIA DOMICILIUM HABUISSENT: ET SI SEXAGINTA DIEBUS APUD PRAE

6. L. Crasso, etc.-Lucius Crassus was celebrated for his eloquence. Of the Luculli we have already spoken.-Drusus was an uncle of Marcus Cato, was a tribune of the people, and was slain at home in the beginning of the social war.-There were three Octavii in Rome; Cneius, who was Consul with Cinna (See note 7th, page 63rd); another Eneius of a different family, who was colleague of Curio in the Consulship; and Lucius, who was Consul in conjunction with Cotta, and was a brother of the last mentioned Cneius.— This Cato was the father of the celebrated Cato, who committed suicide at Utica.

7. Interim-Afterwards.

8. In Siciliam profectus-Lucius Lucullus when Quaestor went to Asia, when Praetor had the province of Sicily, and when Consul obtained Asia again. Archias attended him in these provinces.

9. Heracleam-Heraclea was an Italian city, situated upon the borders of Campania, near Rhegium and Tarentum. It was one of the associate cities, whose citizens had the same privileges, that the Romans had. Archias of course, therefore, might claim the privileges of a Roman citizen.

1. Foedere The alliance was made with Heraclea, at the time king Pyrrhus was in Italy, in the year of Rome 175.

Cum hic domi

TOREM ESSENT PROFESSI. cilium Romae multos jam annos haberet, professus est apud praetorem Q. Metellum, familiarissimum suum. Si nihil aliud, nisi de civitate ac lege dicimus, nihil dico ampliùs: causa dicta est. Quid enim horum infirmari, Gracche, potest? Heracleae-ne esse eum adscriptum negabis? adest vir summâ auctoritate et religione et fide, M. Lucullus, qui se non opinari, sed scire; non audivisse, sed vidisse ; non interfuisse, sed egisse dicit. Adsunt Heraclienses legati, nobilissimi homines, qui hujus judicii causâ cum mandatis et cum publico testimonio venerunt, qui hunc adscriptum Heracliensem dicunt. Hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas, quas Italico bello, incenso tabulario, interîsse scimus omnes. Est ridiculum ad ea, quae habemus, nihil dicere; quaerere, quae habere non possumus ; et de hominum memoriâ tacere, literarum memoriam flagitare; et, cum habeas amplissimi viri religionem, integerrimi municipii jusjurandum fidemque, ea, quae depravari nullo modo possunt, repudiare; tabulas, quas idem dicis solere corrumpi, desiderare. An domicilium Romae non habuit is, qui tot annis ante civitatem datam, sedem omnium rerum ac fortunarum suarum Romae collocavit? At non est professus; imo verò iis tabulis

2 Dicta-Defended.

3. Italico bello-In the 662nd year of Rome, the Italian allies of the Romans made war upon the republick to obtain the freedom of the city by arms. This occasioned the Italick or social war, which has also been called the Marsick war, because it was begun by the Marsi.

4. Religionem-Testimony was thought religious, because it was given upon oath.

5. lis tabulis-Archias did not record his name in those registers. which were kept negligently, but in those kept by Metellus, a man of unquestionable integrity.

professus, quae solae ex illâ professione collegioque praetorum obtinent publicarum tabularum auctoritatem.

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V. Nam cum Appii tabulae negligentiùs asservatae dicerentur; Gabinii, quamdiu incolumis fuit, levitas, post damnationem, calamitas omnem tabularum fidem resignâsset; Metellus, homo sanctissimus modestissimusque omnium, tantâ diligentiâ fuit, ut ad L. Lentulum, praetorem, et ad judices venerit, et unius nominis liturâ se commotum esse dixerit. His igitur tabulis nullam lituram in nomen A. Licinii videtis. Quae cum ita sint, quid est, quod de ejus civitate dubitetis, praesertim cum aliis quoque in civitatibus fuerit adscriptus? Etenim cum mediocribus multis, et aut nullâ aut humili aliquâ arte praeditis gratuitò civitatem in Graeciâ homines impertiebantur, Rheginos, credo, aut 'Locrenses, aut Neapolitanos, aut Tarentinos, quod 'scenicis artificibus largiri soleant, id huic, summâ ingenii praedito gloriâ, noluisse? Quid? cum caeteri non modò post civitatem datam, sed etiam post legem Papiam, aliquo modo

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6. Appii tabulae, etc.—Appius and Gabinius were Praetors, when Archias was registered. The register of Appius was known to be kept negligently; aud the corruption of Gabinius, while he was safe, and his disgrace, after his condemnation, destroyed the credit of his register also. This Gabinius was afterwards Consul with L. Piso; it does not appear, of what crime he had been convicted.

7. Metellus-was the Praetor, before whom Archias claimed the privileges of a citizen.

8. Graecia Cicero here means Graecia Magna, a part of Italy extending from the borders of Latium to Tarentum and Cumae.

9. Locrenses-The inhabitants of Locris, a city in the remotest part of Italy, conferred upon Archias the immunities of a citizen. 1. Scenicis artificibus-Managers of theatres and their associates were contemptible among the Romans.

2. Post civitatem datam―i, e. after the passing of the law of Sylvanus and Carbo.

3. Post legem Papiam-Petronius at first made a law, prohibiting strangers from enjoying the privileges of citizens; this law Papius, a Tribune of the people, revived in the year of Rome 688,