accused me. The whole paragraph is also know that they should have none of this taken from the Register of the eleventh food; and that potatoes and salt do not burn! of December, and that is the one that Besides, they see and feel that the good comes, Therefore this argument is not worth a straw. TREVOR barked about in the House of and comes instantly too. They see that they do Commons, according to the report of get some bread, in consequence of the destructhe bloody Times. The part selected tion of part of the corn; and while they see this, for prosecution is the part marked by which they have done is wrong. And as to one you attempt in vain to persuade them, that that italics, leaving out the head and tail effect, that of making the parsons reduce their of the paragraph. The reader will see tithes, it is hailed as a good by ninety-nine what a base and contemptible proceed-hundredths even of men of considerable proing this is. I am not sure, by any country who does not clearly trace the reduction perty; while there is not a single man in the means, that it is the Government which to the acts of the labourers, and especially has made this attempt. I shall, how-to the fires, for it is the terror of these, ever, get it out at last, and I should not be very much surprised if I were to trace it back to the very first instigator, or propagator of the affair of GooDMAN. In another Register, I will publish the result of my inquiries. Only think of the bloody TIMES putting forth a paragraph to cause it to be believed that it was a publication similar to that for which Mr. Carlile has been so severely punished; and then some other of the base London newspapers, sending it all over the country that I was actually in Newgate already. However, TREVOR's seat will be taken from under him by about this day week; for Romney is amongst the boroughs to be scratched out.,, This reform brings all due revenges, and gives us protection for the future. The execrable monopoly of the press, and all its unpunished and infamous slanders, will be swept away amongst other crying evils. If I were proprietor of a news paper, the proprietorship of which was worth 20,000l. last Saturday, I should now be glad to sell it for five. and not the bodily force, that has prevailed. COMMON HALL. In There is to be a COMMON HALL on Monday, to take into consideration the propriety of passing resolutions, pledging the City to support the Ministers in carrying into effect the Reform that they have brought forward. At that Hall, please God, I will be. I should be ashamed to be a Livery man of London and to be absent on this occasion. I do hope, that there will be a general illumination, as the Bill has been carried in the Commons. Let the HELLS, in St. James's Street, be in darkness and in mourning; but let the tax-paying peo From the LONDON GAZETTE, INSOLVENTS. FEB. 25.-CHEESEMAN, J., Reading, baker. HAMMAR, C., Gower-place, Euston square, merchant. In the meanwhile, however, the parsons are reducing their tithes with a tolerable de-ple rejoice. gree of alacrity! It seems to come from them like drops of blood from the heart; but it comes; and it must all come now; or England will never again know even the appearance of peace. "Out of evil comes good." We are not, indeed, upon that mere maxim, to do evil that good may come from it." But without entering at present into the motives of the working people, it is unquestionable that their acts have produced good, and great good too. They have been always told, and they are told now, and by the very parson that I have quoted above, that their acts of violence, and particularly the burnings, can do them no good, but add to their wants by destroying the food that they would have to eat. Alas! they know better; they know that one thrashing- BOCHSA, N. C., Regent-st., dealer in music, machine takes wages from ten men; and they | CARTER, H,, Portsea, surgeon. shoe-maker. JOYCE, R., Cambridge, boot and FEB. 23.-SMITH, G. and R. Foulerton, Gutter-lane, Cheapside, warehousemen. BANKRUPTS. BADDELEY, J. C., Brixham, Devonshire, ship-owner. CHADWICK, B.Ashton-und.-Line,victualler. POPE, C., St. Philip and Jacob, Gloucester- TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1831. ASKIN, E., Lichfield, printer. BRITTEN, D., Breda, Holland, packer. FOWLER, T., East Butterwick, Lincolnshire, FRY, J., Liverpool, merchant. GRIMSHAW, J., Rawden, Yorkshire, mercht. HEEL, T., Gateshead Low Fell, Durham, draper. LEWIS, T., King's-road, Chelsea, builder. PHILLIPS, H. N., Edward-st. Regent's-park, Hams, Irish........45s. to 56s. SMITHFIELD-Feb. 28. Beef, for prime young Scots, fetches from 4s. 6d. to 4s. 10d. per stone, and in the Mutton trade, prime young Downs are as high as 5s. to 5s. 6d. per stone. In Veal, the price of the finest young Calves is 6s. to 6s. 4d, per stone, and dairy-fed Porkers sell at 5s. to 5s. 6d. per stone. Beasts, 2,407; Sheep, 14,860; Calves, 110; Pigs, 140. CHEAP CLOTHING!! SWAIN AND CO., Tailors and Drapers, Being, for a whole Suit, only 212 6 1 5 6 0 12 0 ... .... 4 10 0 215 0 .... .. LONDON MARKETS. MARK-LANE, CORn-Exchange, FEB. 28.— We have a short supply of Wheat this morning, and the quotation for this Grain may be given the same as on last Monday. We have a largish supply of Barley, and the fine malt-Petersham Beaver Great Coats ing qualities may be quoted at an improve- Talma Cloaks of Superfine Cloth. 4 0 ment of Is. per quarter from the price of this A Suit of Livery.. And every other article in the trade proporday week, but in other sorts there is no varia. tion. We have a very large supply of English tionably cheap! Oats, and this Grain may be given at 1s. per quarter cheaper than on this day week. In Rye, Beans, Peas, and other articles of Grain, we can quote no variation. Wheat t ....... fine.. Peas, White .... ... ... .... .... ..... .............. 76s. to 82s. 40s. to 42s. 46s. to 49s. 42s. to 44s. Bacon, Middles, new, 44s. to 46s. per cwt. Observe that their shop is 93, Fleet-street. I recommend Messrs. Swain and Co. as very good and punctual tradesmen, whom I have long employed with great satisfaction. WM. COBBETT. EFORM.-The OBSERVER of Sunday, pose of Lord Russell to the extent of five of the Observer folio columns. It may suffice to state that this Report of Lord Russell's speech is abridged from Wednesday's Morning Chronicle. A Monday Edition of the Observer, price Sevenpence, peculiarly adapted for Country and Foreign Circulation, is regularly published at Four o'clock every Monday Afternoon at 169, Strand. Printed by William Cobbett, Johnson's-court; and published by him, at 11, Bolt-court, Fleet-street. VOL. 71.-No. 11.] LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 12TH, 1831. TO THE LABOURERS OF ENGLAND. Particularly those of Kent, Sussex, Hants, Wilts, Dorset, Berks, Norfolk, and Suffolk. On the Scheme now on foot for getting part of them away out of their Native Country. MY FRIENDS, Kensington, 1st March, 1831. [Price 1s. 2d. to boast of by kings and governments, that the number of the people living under them increased. Nay, our own Government, only thirty years ago, stated in its public documents, that the number of the people of England had increased under it, and that this was a proof of the goodness of the Government. Nay, further, in the year 1796, Mr. PITT, the then Minister, propeople in proportion to the number of posed to give rewards to the labouring children that they brought up. How comes it, then, my good friends, you, the laborious, virtuous, excellent labourers of England, that this same Government now wants to get rid of part of you? How comes it that THERE is a bill brought into Par- this same Government, which only liament by a man who is called Lord thirty years ago boasted of your increase Howick, and who is the son of Lord in numbers as a proof of its goodness, GREY, who is now the First Lord of the now regards this increase of its numbers Treasury, and the King's Prime Minis- as a great evil, and is devising means ter. The object of this bill, which is of getting you away from your native not yet become a law, and which I hope land? Before I speak to you upon the will not, is to get a part of you to go terrible dangers which will assail you away out of your country; and it is my if you consent to be sent away, let me object to make you understand all this explain to you the reason of this change matter clearly; and to show you what in the language, views, and conduct of the consequences would be to you, and the Government; let me explain to you to the wives and children of such of you why it is that it now wishes to get rid as have wives and children, if you were of you. It wants to get you away beto consent to be sent away. But first cause you make so large a demand upon of all, let us ask what reason there can the poor-rates; because you are all bebe for sending you away out of your come what they call paupers; because, native country. It is not intended ab- in that character, you take away so solutely to force you to go, as men who much from the farmers, the gentlemen are transported are forced to go; but it and others, who own and occupy the is intended to get you to give your con- land; and they think that if they can sent to be sent away; and let us then make you smaller in number, they shall ask, how it comes to pass that the have less to give you. But they do Government of the country, that the not stop to inquire what it is that has Lords and the rich men who sit in Par-made you paupers; what it is that has liament, should wish to get rid of a part brought you into this miserable and of the people. You have read in the degraded state of poverty; or, indeed, Holy Scriptures, that amongst the great-they need not inquire, for they must est blessings which God has promised know the cause very well; they must to an obedient and good people is, a know that it is the taxes and the present multiplication of their numbers, an in-application of the tithes, and not any crease of them on the face of the earth; fault of yours, not any over-increase of and, until now, it has been a great thing your numbers, that have brought you M into that state of pauperism which plate the project for sending a part of makes you so burdensome to their house you out of the country. Now, mark and land. All of you who are sixty well what I am going to say: it is the years of age can recollect that bread taxes and the misapplication of the and meat, and not wretched potatoes, tithes, that have produced this terrible were the food of the labouring people; change. Fifty years ago; nay, only you can recollect that every industrious, forty years ago, the whole of the taxes labouring man brewed his own beer, for a year, amounted to fifteen millions and drank it by his own fire-side; you of pounds. They now amount to upcan recollect that, at every wedding wards of sixty millions of pounds. These and every christening, such labouring taxes take away so much from the 'man had a barrel of ale in the house owners and occupiers of land and provided for the occasion; you can houses, and from all persons carrying recollect when the young people were on trade, manufactures, or commerce, able to provide money before they were that they have not enough left to pay married, to purchase decent furniture the working people a sufficiency of for a house, and had no need to go to wages. Then again, when a working the parish to furnish them with a mise- man gets his wages, he has to pay, on rable nest to creep into; you can recol- his beer, his hops, his malt, his soap, lect when a bastard child was a rarity his candles, his tobacco, his tea, his in a village, and when husbands and sugar, on the calico that he wears in his wives came together without the dis- shirt, and that his wife wears in her grace of being forced together by parish gown, twice as much, on an average, officers and the magistrates; you can as he would have to pay for them if it recollect when every sober and indus- were not for these taxes. For instance, trious labourer, that was a married the sugar which costs seven-pence à man, had his Sunday-coat, and took his pound, he would have for three-pence; wife and children to church all in de- the tea which costs him five shillings a cent apparel; you can recollect when pound, he would have for eighteenthe young men did not shirk about on pence, if not for a shilling. This is the a Sunday in ragged smock-frocks, with cause of the great change in the cirunshaven faces, with a shirt not washed cumstances of the labouring people of for a month, and with their toes peep- England, and the country people have ing out of their shoes, and when a young been further greatly injured by that man was pointed at if he had not, on a misapplication of the tithes of which I Sunday, a decent coat upon his back, a shall speak more by-and-by, and which good hat on his head, a clean shirt, with is one of the crying sins of this nation. silk handkerchief round his neck, leather Now, the working people, being thus breeches without a spot, whole worsted borne down by the taxes and misapplistockings tied under the knee with a cation of the tithes; being, in the first red garter, a pair of handsome Sunday place, deprived of the wages which shoes, which it was deemed almost a they would receive if it were not for disgrace not to have fastened on his the taxes laid upon their employers; feet by silver buckles. There were and having, in the next place, to give always some exceptions to this; some one half of the wages which they get lazy, some drunken, some improvident to the tax-gatherer, in one shape or anyoung men ; but I appeal to all those of you who are sixty years of age, whether this be not a true description of the state of the labourers of England when you were boys. Well, then, my friends, why is it not 80 now? What has been the cause of the horrible change? We must ascertain this cause first; and then contem other; being thus borne down, I say, by the taxes and the tithes, they are reduced to this choices to lie down and die with starvation, or to obtain, something out of the poor-rates. By degrees, they have been stripped of the nice little furniture of their houses; by degrees, they have been brought down to have their bodies covered with : To the Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire land, in Parliament assembled. The petition of the undersigned Labourers, at Barn-Elin Farm, in the parish of Barnes, in the county of Surrey, Most humbly showeth, miserable rags; by degrees, they have been reduced to the necessity of living upon miserable potatoes, instead of having their bellies filled with bread and with meat, as their forefathers had; by degrees, they have been brought down to this low and wretched state; there is a proposition before your honourable That your petitioners have perceived that that, according to the reports laid be- House, for mortgaging the poor-rates, and fore Parliament, the honest labouring for imposing taxes, in order to raise money man is allowed less to live on than is for the purpose of sending a part of the workallowed to a felon in the jails; but stilling people out of the country, upon the ground, that, owing to their excessive numbers, they they must live, or else there would be cause a charge upon the laud so great as to nobody to do the work and without threaten to swallow up the whole of the rents. their work, the land is worth nothing. That your petitioners have heard, and they Scheme after scheme has been tried to believe, that, out of about eleven thousand parishes in England and Wales, there are one make them live upon less and less; till thousand and four, the population of which is, at last, the bow has been strained so on an average, under a hundred souls to a tightly, that there was danger of its parish; and that they know, that you have, in the evidence given before your committees, breaking. It never seems to have OC- the statements of experienced farmers, that curred to those who have had the mak- there are not too many work-people to ing of the laws, that it would be better cultivate the land properly, but that the taxes to take off the taxes, and to make a new take from the farmer the means of giving the application of the tithes. This never maintenance; and that from this cause the work-people wages sufficient for their proper seems to have come into their heads. land is not cultivated so well as it used to be, They have seen the poor increase, in pro-and does not yield so much as it used to yield, portion as the taxes increased; and yet while the labourers are compelled to resort to they never seem to have thought, that, parish relief. That, deducting the amount of the countyto reduce the taxes, was the natural and rates, militia-charges, highway-rates, churche effectual way of putting a stop to the rates, and the law expenses, the poor-rates, increasing poverty. On the contrary, that is to say, the money actually paid in the they have gone on increasing the taxes; way of relief to the poor, does not, especially if we deduct the salaries paid to hired overthey have gone on increasing the numseers, amount to six millions of pounds in the ber of the soldiers and sailors, though year; while the other taxes, imposed by the in time of profound peace; of the place- Parliament and collected by the Government, men, the pensioners, the sinecure peo-that, therefore, your petitioners cannot but amount to about sixty millions a year; and ple; the half-pay people; they have increased these to numbers prodigious; they seem to grudge them nothing, while the amount of the poor-rates seems to alarm them beyond all description. Last spring, my labourers at Barn-Elm, in Surrey, having heard of this project for sending a part of the working people out of the country, presented an humble petition to the two Houses of Parliament upon the subject, a copy of which petition I here insert, begging you to read it with the greatest attention. It was presented to the House of Commons by Mr. PALLMER, the member for the county of Sussex: that which was their case is the case of you all: therefore, read this petition with attention. think it strange, that your honourable House should be alarmed at the prospect of seeing the rents absorbed by these six millions, while you appear to be under no apprehension at all of those rents being absorbed by the sixty millions, especially as they cannot for the life of them imagine how it is that your honourable House can fail to perceive, that it is the burden of the sixty millions, which is the real and evident cause of the necessity of raising the six millions; daylight not being more evident than the fact, that it is the enormous taxes which disable the farmer and trader and manufacturer to pay sufficient wages to his work-people. That your petitioners have been told, that of late years, oue million and six hundred thousand pounds, or thereabouts, have been voted by your honourable House, out of the taxes, for the relief of the poor clergy of the church of England; and that they have just seen millions upon millions voted by you for the support of half-pay people and their widows and children; that they have been told, that |