act of the Government, whether relat-fór a republic. Their manners! What ing to affairs at home or abroad, clearly manners? They are industrious, inshowed that the new Government was, genious, enterprising, brave, love good as I had said in September, intended to eating and drinking and good dress. keep the place warm for the return of Just as the Americans are and just as the old one. To this point tended all they do. If there be frivolity; if there? the movements of foreign despots; to be dissipation; if there be shameless this pointed all the negotiation with prostitution; if there be profligate foreign States; to this point have tended squanderings; if there be gambling. all the recent intrigues with the Con-hells without number; if there be gress of Belgium; but to this point the luxury without bounds existing by the thing has been prevented from arriving side of misery which no pen or tongue by the vigilance and valour of the peo- can describe, to what are these ascribaple of Paris. ble but to the example and to the fiscal oppressions of that very Bourbon Go

There have been rumours, and there may be more before this goes to the vernment which is represented as the press, of the abdication of Louis-necessary effect, and not as the cause, of1 PHILIPPE Whether with or without these disgraceful evils? Take away foundation, at present, I am convinced that Government completely; put in its that the fact will be such before many place a cheap government, by men of months have passed over our heads.. Isense; and away would go in an inagree perfectly with the French cor- stant all the frivolity, all the stinking respondent of the Morning Chronicle, prostitution, all the corruption of that if he refuse to govern France as the morals, all the luxury and all the squalid * chief of a republic, "France will most misery. respectfully invite him to retire." No man of common sense, not blinded by some most powerful interest, can fail to see that this last must and will be the result; for as to his governing France as an hereditary king, without an heredi-extent of the United States of America. tary aristocracy, and a priesthood paid The population of France is at present by the public, the thing is impossible; more than double that of the United and to suppose that the people of France States; but with the sole exception of› will suffer these to exist is really very Paris, the great towns in France are little short of madness. In short, it has nothing compared with those of America, been manifest to me from the first hour in point of population; and who has that I heard of the defeat of Polignac, ever heard of a riot in an American that the establishment of a republic city? Who has ever heard of danger would be the result; and my opinion is, to the public peace in those immense that before many months have passed towns of ca? Then again with. over our heads, we shall see Belgium regard to commerce: all the foreign and France united in one republic, go-commerce of France put together, verned by a CONGRESS resembling that scarcely equals that which, under the of the United States of America. scarcely heard of government of Ame

Another objection is, the great extent and population of France. Great' as is" the extent of France, it is not, after all, one half so great as that of the settled, the inhabited, the regularly governed,

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And, WHY NOT? What are the ob-rica, is carried on through the single jections to this? All sorts of objections port of New York. Another objection are made by those who share in MoNs. is, that France being a continental LAFITTE'S Civil List of twenty-eight power, is surrounded by powerful neighmillions of francs a year; but not one bours, and therefore needs a governsingle objection that can be urged by ment capable of carrying on war. any man who desires to live upon his And is not the American government own property or his own earnings. The capable of carrying on war? Have not blood-sucking crew tell the people of the United States powerful neighbours, France that their MANNERS unsuit them and such as hate them too; and is not.

England drained of its treasure and and to defray other expenses connected fruits of its toil to make that neigh- with his field sports; aye, twice as bourhood dangerous to the United much as the American people pay for States? And did not those United the support of the whole of their civil States, single-handed, when not half so government! Is not this enough to powerful as they are now, face Eng-make a Frenchman broil with rage? land in a war, and make her submit to Yet the government of Louis-Philippe terms of peace dictated by themselves? has diminished none of these expenses; Did not England by its negociators lay and, as the people have complained, and down a sine qua non; and did not the do complain, there has been no change cheap government of America send forth other than those merely of names and an armed vessel, named, in derision, the of men: the tyranny, political as well sine qua non; and did not England make as fiscal, has remained unabated, and peace, giving up that sine qua non? even new shackles have been imposed What, then, becomes of this tax-eating in many cases. pretence, that republican government However, the cheat has not succeedcannot carry on war? But, what impu-ed: it has been detected, exposed, and dence must those have who put forward rendered of no avail. The example of this pretence, while they have before France has stirred up work for her dethem the record of the glorious achieve- spotic enemies; and we shall now see ments of the republic of France herself! her, though sneered at, as the newsTo waste one's time in refuting such papers tell us, by some of our sagacious objections would be blameable. To begin legislators, as "a country governed by and pull to pieces a kingly government, a mob," giving another example to the long established, is one thing, and to world of a great and happy people re-erect such government in the country under a cheap government. We, therewhere it has been pulled to pieces is fore, have next to consider what effect quite another thing. The people of this prospect ought to have on those France are wholly a different people who have the power to make a real, a from those who existed in that country peaceable, and effectual RFFORM IN fifty or sixty years ago. There is a ENGLAND; and I have to offer my new mind in France; and, as the public opinion with regard to what they are spirited writers of Paris so frequently likely to do in this respect. Next express themselves, " Coute qui coute, Tuesday will be the first of March; on la France veut un gouvernement qui that day we are to learn the intentions coute peu." That is to say, Cost what of the Ministers in this respect. Beit may to get it, France will have a fore that day they will, if they choose, cheap government. And so said the have read this paper, a copy of which I Belgians; so say the Poles; so say the shall send to each of them on Friday; Italians, and so say all those who pay not with any hope (for hope must have heavy taxes, in all parts of the world. something to rest on) that they will pay much attention to what I say, but in order that I may have the satisfaction to reflect that I have performed my duty.

It is impossible for me to say what annual sum would suffice for carrying on good government in France, and for maintaining the rights and the glory of the country; but I can see no reason why a tenth part of the sum now raised upon the French people might not be amply sufficient. Is it not scandalous,

Before they proceed to what I have to say upon the subject, suppose I give them a few words from BURKE, the great defender of the orders of kings, nobles, and established churches. In

is it not an infamy, is it not enough to the year 1789, the French Revolution make the blood of a Frenchman boil, had begun. The French people had

to reflect, that that imbecile creature abolished the order of nobility; Charles X. had twice as much of the nation's money allowed him yearly to pay his gamekeepers, to keep his dogs,

they had taken the property of the church and applied it to public uses, leaving allotted stipends to the officiat

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ing parochial clergy; they had reduced "Your Government in France, though the king to be merely the chief magis-" usually, and I think justly, reputed the trate of the country, but not taking" best of the unqualified or ill-qualified away his hereditary titles or rights; they" monarchies, was still full of abuses. had left the executive government, "These abuses accumulated in a length in his hands: they had placed the le-" of time, as they must accumulate in gislative power in the hands of a single every monarchy not under the constant Legislative body, called the NATIONAL" inspection of a popular representative. ASSEMBLY; and in this state matters. But the question is not now of stood in 1790, when BURKE wrote his" vices of that monarchy, but of its REFLECTIONS ON THE FRENCH REVO-" existence. Is it then true, that the LUTION. The CAUSE of this change, "French government was such as to or revolution, had been the pecuniary" be incapable or undeserving of reembarrassments of the Government," form; so that it was of absolute arising from wasteful wars and pro- "necessity the whole fabric should be fligate expenditure of every description." at once pulled down, and the area These had plunged the Government" cleared for the erection of a theoretic into DEBT: to pay the interest of this" experimental edifice in its place? debt, the people were so ground down" All France was of a different opinion by taxes that they could endure the" in the beginning of the year, 1789. burden no longer. Scheme after scheme" The instructions to the representawas resorted to, to lighten these bur-" tives to the States-general, from dens; new ministry after new ministry" every district in that kingdom, were came in, each with their new project." filled with projects for the reformation Till at last the king called together" of that government, without the rethose ancient assemblies called the "motest suggestion of a design to destroy States General, which had not been" it. Had such a design been then called together before for a century or even insinuated, I believe there would two. One of these bodies were the" have been but one voice, and that representatives of the nobles, another voice for rejecting it with scorn and the representatives of the clergy, and the "horror. Men have been sometimes third the representatives of the people." led by degrees, sometimes hurried, To this last body the people sent their" into things of which, if they could instructions, which were called cahirs, "have seen the whole together they or sheets of paper put together. The never would have permitted the most three bodies soon disagreed; but many" remote approach. When those inmembers from the two first soon joined "structions were given, there was no the third body, which then went to" question but that abuses existed, and work and made a new government, "that they demanded a reform; nor abolishing the order of nobility, and "is there now. In the interval, beseizing on the property of the church; "tween the instructions and the revoselling the real property belonging to "lution, things changed their shape; the church, and applying the proceeds" and in consequence of that change, the to public purposes, and totally abolish-" true question at present is, whether ing the tithes. "those who would have reformed, or "those who have destroyed, are in the "right?"-Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution (Published in 1790), p. 233.

This was the state in which things stood in 1790, when, as I observed before, BURKE wrote, under the form of a letter to a gentleman in France, his "Reflections on the French Revolution," from which I am now about to take a short passage, which I beseech all my readers, and particularly the ministers, to read with an uncommon degree of attention.

Pray, Ministers, read this forty times over; especially the last sentence. In this passage from Burke, to whom and to whose executors we have been paying a pension from 1795 to this day; this passage, for the writing of which this

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nation has paid so dearly, the pension question, and before you resolve to rehaving already cost us upwards of ject the great lesson here held out to ninety-five thousand pounds; this pas- you. Burke does not deal fairly by us sage, which will still have been cheap, here. He does not state the cause of if you now profit from it in the manner this change in the minds of the people. that you ought; this passage contains I verily believe he did this in his origi the whole of our case; and, I would fain nal manuscript, but that aristocratical hope, as to the future, a little more influence prevailed upon him to exthan our case. Here is a government punge the passage; because, leaving full of abuses;" these abuses have us unacquainted with the cause of the accumulated in length of time, there change in the people's opinions, he being no “popular representative" to really leaves it impossible to answer the check them. It was not necessary in question which he propounds at the end the case of France, nor is it necessary of the passage, which it certainly could in ours, that the whole fabric should be not have been his original intention to pulled down. “All France was of a do. He tells us that the instructions to "different opinion in the beginning of the representatives proved that it was "the year 1789." All England is of a the wish of all France, that there should different opinion now! be reformation without destruction; but "The instructions to the representa- that (I pray you ministers mark "tives to the States General, from every this!) between the giving of the in"district in the country, were filled structions and the Revolution, things "with projects for reformation of the changed their shape;" and that, in "Government, without the remotest idea consequence of that change, the true "of a design to destroy it." All Eng-question is, whether those who would land has now sent instructions to the have reformed, or those who have deParliament, filled with projects for the stroyed, are in the right. Why they reformation of the Government, without were, according to his own showing, the remotest suggestion to destroy it. one and the same parties. They would have reformed in January, 1789, and

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How simil the cases; how true the

proverb, that there is nothing new un-they had destroyed in July, 1789. But, der the sun! The nation, as one man, there was ANOTHER PARTY, and is now waiting with anxious hope for this this party the patrons of Burke chose reformation. Let any one propose to de- that he should leave out of sight; and stroy it, to any six men, meet them where that party was almost the whole of the he will, and they will, as Burke says was aristocracy, the high clergy, and the the case in France, "reject the proposi-court, none of whom wished for reformation, though all loudly professed to wish it. The use that they made of the instructions sent from the people, was, to prepare by all possible means, for preventing those instructions from being acted upon. Some remained intriguing for this purpose at Paris; others got off into foreign countries to stir up strife against the rising liberties of France; others intrigued with the army; so that the people saw that they must either destroy the thing altogether, or have no reformation at all, and be compelled to commence a new series of ages of slavery. It was thus that things changed their shape, and on the 14th of July, they with one accord, destroyed that government, a proposition to de

tion with scorn and horror" But the destruction did take place in France, in spite of the scorn and horror; it did take place in France in that same year, 1789, in spite of the scorn and horror with which all France, with one voice, would have rejected the proposition only six months before! How came it to pass, then, that the destruction did take place, and that those who would have met the proposition with scorn and horror were brought, in the short space of six months, to embrace the thing itself with enthusiasm! Whence came it that the whole people of a great nation acted thus ?

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I beseech you, King's Ministers, to reflect well before you answer that

stroy which they would, in the previous gentlemen who are now at Holyrood. month of January, have received with House. This publication is ascribed to. scorn and horror! the pens, or to the dictation, of some of Here is a lesson for every statesman the ex-ministers that are here with upon the face of the earth; and, how Charles. These people, not content. blind must our Government be not to with being the precurseurs of happiness pay attention to it at this time. There to their own country, have had the are, at this moment, surprising exertions generosity to labour with great earnestmade in London to urge the aristocracy ness for the preservation of the happito make a stand against the ministers, ness of ours, nothing short of the com if these latter propose to make a real plete destruction of which happiness they reform of the parliament. There is a confidently anticipate in taking away work called the QUARTERLY REVIEW, the right of returning members from calling on the aristocracy to make this Old Sarúm, Gatton, Midhurst, and the stand; and, in order that it may produce like. Therefore, with all the holy zeal its effects in time, this number of the of the "Chevaliers du saint Esprit,” work has been published one month with fleurs-de-lis upon each and every before the usual period of its appear of their buttons, with rat-tails hanging ance. The argument which it uses at their poles, and lark-spits dangling amounts to this, that if the aristocracy on their thighs, they call upon our arisgive way at all, it will be merely a be-tocracy, Pour l'amour de Dieu, et au ginning to a series of encroachments on nom de St. Louis NOT TO YIELD TO REthe part of the people; till at last FORM in any shape or in any degree! aristocracy, throne and church and all, These people have, it must be confessed, will be overturned. The writer cites, something to urge in support of their in proof, the example of France; and, advice, which the scribes of the QUAR

like all the abettors of aristocratical en-TERLY REVIEW have not; namely, their croachments, insists that if LOUIS XVI. own personal experience! To be sure, had never given way at all, he might even that would derive additional weight still have been alive and upon the from the "adhesion" of POLIGNAC and throne. Burke is of a different opinion; his companions, which they will do for he says that reformation was neces- well to obtain from the fortress of sary; and we see that the revolution Ham. Then, coming in a body, with took place because it was found to be Charles, Duke d'Angouleme, petit Borimpossible to obtain reformation with-deaux, Bourmont, Dudon, and altogeout it. The court, the greater part of ther, and gravely assuring our aristothe aristocracy, and the high clergy, cracy, if they will but act upon their resisted all real reform, till the people advice and their example, their success made it by foree; and this they could will be as complete as that which they not do without destroying the Govern- have experienced! Coming with adment itself. vice thus supported, they must unquestionably, be attended to by our enlightened aristocracy and clergy

And this I think is quite answer enough to the Quarterly Review, and to all those lofty seignieurs who are saying, in the gaming-houses; "We "must make a stand, and we may as "well make it at first as at last." But, there is another publication in London, called the PRECURSEUR, that is to say, the Forerunner. A French publication, put forth weekly by the partisans of Charles X. and the Duke de Bordeaux,

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Let me stop here, for a moment, to observe, that these fellows must take care lest they be packed off to some other country; for the COURIER threatens them, on account of the plot that has lately been blown up in France. The words of this mercenary tool of power are these, as put forth by it on the 21st instant. "In consequence of the late

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and it is called the Forerunner because it" intrigue of the Carlists in France, is intended to prepare the way for the re- some important disclosures have been turn to the throne of France of the pretty" made to the French Ambassador; and