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the most affectionate and endearing terms.

The volume contains a map of Syria and Palestine, and a very accurate plan of Jerusalem, which will enhance the interest and value of the book.

The journal of Mr. Greaves was undertaken for the purpose of selling and distributing Bibles and tracts among the inhabitants and sojourners in Tunis and in the vicinity. His notices are brief, but afford some general views of the state of morals and religion in that degraded country.

We cannot close without expressing the ardent hope, that the enterprising publishers will find themselves so far remunerated for

their expense in the present work,

as to be induced to fulfil their intention of presenting Dr. Jowett's former volume to the public. It is a work which contains a larger body of general information than the present; and while our press at Malta is operating silently on the benighted millions who inhabit the surrounding shores, the information which that work affords, cannot but be interesting and important to all who love the cause of Zion.

A Sermon on the Doctrine of the Trinity. By E. CORNELIUS, Pastor of the Tabernacle church, Salem. Published by request of the church. Andover: Flagg & Gould.

THIS discourse was not designed, we apprehend, as a tract for theologians: it was written, apparently, in the author's course of ordinary duty, with reference to an ordinary congregation; it is a lucid and simple exhibition of the doctrine, with the evidence on which it rests, adapted to common minds. In this simple cheracter, we are the more pleased to see it, because we think it the more calculated to be generally useful. Treatises we had already, on this and every other doctrine involved in the Unitarian controversy-of the highest value to the student in divinity, but generally 1826-No. 5.

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not adapted to popular perusal; they carry the controversy into fields whither the unlearned reader cannot follow them-to whom nothing is so uninviting as philological discussion, and nothing so forbidding as the sight of Greek and Hebrew characters interspersed with words of his mother tongue.

Our time will not permit us to give so concise an analysis of this discourse as we could wish; our quotations will therefore be the more liberal.

The text is taken from Ephesians ii. 18; For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father. These words the preacher does not consider as of themselves fully establishing the doctrine of the Trinity, but he regards them as referring to that doctrine, and consequently as affording a suitable occasion for discussing it. He arranges his remarks under three general heads. What the doctrine is-the proof of it

the practical importance of it.

Under the first head he remarks that the doctrine "is not that there are three supreme, independent Gods." No fact is more unequivocally and fully stated in the Scriptures, than that God is ONE. Neither is it the doctrine of the Trinity," that God merely acts in three different ways, or in three prominent and peculiar relations"-so that he takes the title of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, only as he manifests him

self in one or other of these relations or ways of acting.

"As the former statement contains more than is implied in the doctrine of the Trinity, so this contains less. The distinction which it makes between the Father, the Son, and the Spirit, is rather nominal than real, and falls far short of those personal descriptions which the Scriptures give of them." p. 6.

What then is the doctrine?

"I observe therefore, that the doctrine teaches the FACT, That the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, are the one, only living, and true God; and that there is in the Divine Nature, or Godhead, a foundation for such a distinction, as authorizes the separate application of the personal pronouns, I, thou, and he, to each of these names; and requires divine attributes and honours to be distinctly ascribed to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, as well as to the Father.

"This the doctrine teaches simply as a fact; to be received, or rejected, according to the nature and degree of the evidence which is brought in support of it." pp. 6, 7.

The doctrine thus limited and stated.

Mr. C. proceeds to vindicate from the metaphysical objection that it teaches a thing incomprehensible-that it is contradictory, absurd, &c. which objection seems to amount to this, that the Divine Nature is incapable of distinctions which we cannot understand-or that the mode of the divine existence must accord with our philosophy.

"The way is now prepared to exhibit the evidence which the Scriptures afford of the truth of the doctrine. This I shall endeav

our to present in the following propositions.. "1. The Scriptures mention certain characteristics by which God is known, and distinguished from all other beings; and which he does not permit to be applied to any other than himself." p. 10.

This is the first proposition. The Bible, as the preacher shows, and as every reader is aware, is full of passages in support of it. We shall not stop to quote them.

"2. These same characteristics,which belong anly to God, and are forbidden by him to be applied to any other, are ascribed in Scripture, by God himself, to the Father, to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit." p. 14.

That this is true in regard to the Father, none will question. Our preacher proceeds to show that it is also true in respect to the Son and Holy Spirit. Wanting room for more, he selects a few passages, from which we must make a still more limited selection. first, in reference to the Son.

And

"Several of the distinguishing names and titles of God, are applied to Christ in the following passages, in the same unqualified manner in which we have before seen that they are applied to Jehovah.

• Whose are

the fathers; and of whom as concerning the flesh, Christ came, who is over all God blessed for ever.-And we are in him that is true, even in his Son Jesus Christ; this (or he) is the true God and eternal life.' The writer of the Apocalypse represents Christ as saying I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last. The prophet Isaiah says, "I saw also Jehovah sitting upon a throne high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple;" yet the evangelist John, speaking of Christ, refers to this vision, and observes: These things said Esaias, when he saw his (Christ's) glory, and spake of him.' Christ is therefore Jehovah, whom the prophet saw.

"In the passages which follow, the distinguishing attributes of God are ascribed to. Christ in the same unqualified manner. 'In the beginning (from eternity) was the Word. -I am alpha and omega, the beginning and the end. All the churches shall know that I AM HE which searcheth the reins and the

hearts. As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father.-Where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them;" and to his ministers he has said, Lo I am with you alway, even to the end of the world."

"Creation, which is so often claimed in the Scriptures as the work of God alone, is ascribed to Christ in the most direct and posi tive terms, as the following quotations will show. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made which was made. -The world was made by him." In the following passages he is declared to be the Preserver and Upholder, as well as the Creator, of the universe. "For by him (i. e. Christ) were all things created that are in heaven, and that are in earth, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers, all things were created By him and FOR him, and he is BEFORE all things, and by him all things consist.-Who being the brightness of his glory and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high." What stronger terms is it possible to use, than are here employed in describing the creative and preserving power of Christ ?" pp. 14—17.

To forgive sin, is a divine prerogative which was claimed and exercised by Jesus Christ. See Matth. ix. 2—6.

"To Christ also it belongs to raise the dead, and judge the world at the last day. The hour is coming in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth; they that have done good unto the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil unto the resurrection of damnation.--For we must all appear before the judgment-seat of Christ, that every one may receive the things done in the body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or whether it be bad.'" pp. 17, 18.

There are no acts of homage greater than those which the Scriptures frequently represent as being rendered

to Christ.

"That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, OF THINGS IN HEAVEN, ond things in earik, and things under the earth, and that every tongue should confess that Jesus is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. And I beheld and I heard the voice of many angels round about the throne, and the beasts, and the eld ers, and the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thou sands, saying with a loud voice, Worthy is THE LAMB THAT WAS SLAIN, to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing. And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying,

Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto HIM who sitteth upon the throne, AND unto the LAMB for ever and ever." What higher honours can creatures render to the supreme Jehovah, than are here paid by the intelligent universe to Christ? If to these honours we add the divine names, titles, attributes, and works which we have seen are so abundantly given him in the Scriptures, and which the Scriptures themselves repreresent as descriptive of the only true God, the truth of the proposition which we are considering, so far as it relates to the Son, must be not only convincing, but overwhelming." pp. 19, 20.

The preacher next proceeds to show "that the characteristics of true and proper Godhead are ascribed, also, to the Holy Spirit. From the manner in which the Scriptures speak of the Holy Spirit, no one can doubt that the term denotes something truly divine.

"The only question is whether the Scriptures mean by it any thing distinct from the Father, or so distinct as to justify the separate application of the personal pronouns, and the ascription of divine actions and honours; which is what the doctrine of the Trinity asserts. On this point it would seem as if the Bible was as definite as it could be.

"In the first place, there are many passages in which the Holy Spirit is spoken of in a personal manner. Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia, after they were come to Mysia, they assayed to go into Bithynia; but the Spirit suffered them not.The Holy Ghost said, separate ME Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them." p. 21.

"In the next place, there are passages in which the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are distinguished from one another in the same sentence, and the personal pronouns applied to them severally. I will pray the FATHER and HE shall give you another COMFORTER that He may abide with you for ever; even the SPIRIT of truth, wнOM the world cannot receive because it seeth HIM not, neither knoweth HIM; for HE dwelleth with you, and shall be in you. The COMFORTER, which is the HOLY GHOST, WHOм the FATHER will send in MY name, HE shall teach you all things."

"From the fact thus established, that divine prerogatives are ascribed in Scripture to the Father, to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, it might naturally be expected that the sacred writers would sometimes exhibit them conjointly, and sometimes interchangeably; as performing separate acts, and as performing

the same acts. Such is the fact.

"Each of these Divine Names is introduced in a peculiar connexion in the following passages. Go ye and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.-Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Fa

ther, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ.-Praying in the Holy Ghost, keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. -For through Him, i. e. Christ, we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father.'

"The words God, and Christ, are used interchangeably in many instances like the following. For we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of Christ; for it is written, as I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God. So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God.'

"The Father and the Son are exhibited both conjointly, and interchangeably as the object of prayer, and the source of spiritual blessings in such instances as these. Now God himself and our Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ direct our way unto you.--Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God even our Father, which hath loved us, and hath given us everlasting consolation and good hope through grace, comfort your hearts and stablish you in every good word and work.' In other instances they are joined in the same act of worship. Blessing and honour, and glory and power, be unto HIM that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the LAMB for ever. -Salvation to our God who sitteth upon the throne, and unto the LAMB."" pp. 22-24.

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We can add no more quotations. It were well perhaps, to have omitted these, since they do justice neither to the sermon nor to the subject. Having shown abundantly, by proofs which "cannot be broken," that the same characteristics by which the Father is known, in the scriptures, are likewise ascribed to the Son and the Holy Spirit, Mr. C. infers, as unavoidable, the doctrine of the Trinity. He concludes with its practical importance; but first notices an objection. There are passages,' it is said, which speak of Christ as evidently inferior to the Father.' But these passages in no wise embarrass the question of his divinity. They are easily explained by the fact of a twofold nature in the Saviour. He possesses an original and an assumed character; he is both divine and human. It was therefore to be expected that the Scriptures would at one time speak of him as possessing the attributes of Deity, and at another, represent him as a man of sorrows and of finite powers.

Adopting this view of the subject, the Bible is consistent with itself; rejecting it, how are the two classes of texts which speak of Christ to be made to harmonize? Upon those in which divine

properties are ascribed to him a construction must be put, as little satisfactory to the critical inquirer who goes

to the original Scriptures, as to the plain unlettered man who merely reads his English version.

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE.

UNITED STATES.-Mr. Webster's Dictionary.-This work, which has employed the author more than twenty years, is now ready for the press. But being a work of magnitude, the publication of it cannot be undertaken without a liberal patronage. As we earnest ly hope that it may receive that patronage, and as many of our readers might not otherwise see the prospectus which is now in circulation, we make the following extract.

THIS Dictionary will contain such parts of the best English Dictionaries as are well executed, with the following improvements:

The new

1. Additional Words. words which the great advances in the physical sciences, within the last forty or fifty years, have enriched the language, and which are not inserted in Johnson's Dictionary, nor in the late improved edition by Todd, amount to five or six thousand. These, with the participles and other words added, will augment the vocabulary with nearly twenty thousand words.

2. Precise and Technical Definitions. The Dictionaries hitherto published are almost exclusively translating Dictionaries, in which one word is defined by another that is synonymous, or nearly so. Of this kind of dictionaries and lexicons, we have many of great excellence. But if there is any dictionary of the English language, of a price which places it within the means of purchase which readers in general possess, in which the definitions are sufficiently accurate, discriminating and technical, that work has not come to the knowledge of the author of the proposed Dictionary. The precision of definitions in this work will, it is believed, supersede the necessity of a book of synonyms.

3. Additional Significations. The significations and distinct applications by all the English lexicographers, and of English words, which are omitted

are inserted in this work, amount to between thirty and fifty thousand. Many of these are among the most important senses in which the words

are used.

4. New Etymological Deductions and Affinities. The obscurity which has rested on this subject, and which has brought it into discredit, will be, in a good degree, dissipated by the author's researches, and etymology will be made subservient to the illustration not only of words, but of history. This part of the work is the result of ten years' examination, and comparison of the principal radical words in the following languages-the Chaldee, Syr iac. Hebrew, Arabic, Samaritan, Ethiopic, and Persic, in Asia and Africa, and in Europe, the Gaelic or HibernoCeltic, Anglo-Saxon, English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, Russ, Gothic, Welsh, and Amoric. It is found that all these languages serve to illustrate each other, and are all useful in elucidating the English. A synopsis of the principal words in all these languages has been compiled, and will be published, if sufficient patronage can hereafter be obtained. In the mean time, the results of this labor, which will appear in the Dictionary, will present. on this subject, interesting views of the history and affinities of these languages, which have escaped the observation of European lexicographers. 5. The peculiar scriptural uses of words, most of which are omitted by English authors of dictionaries, are explained and exemplified.

6. The words beginning with I are separated from those which begin with J, as are those which begin with U from those which begin with V.

7. Obsolete words and words of local use are noted os such, and the different applications of words in England and in the United States, are specified as far as they are known. The obsolete words include all that have been found in books from the age of Gower, and the law-terms from the Norman French.

not

8. The different significations or applications of words, when not obvious and well known, are illustrated by some short passage from an author of reputa. tion, or by a brief familiar sentence. Exemplifications, however, are multiplied under each definition, as the most judicious scholars consider one example as sufficient, and numerous extracts from books serve only to swell the size and price of a Dictionary. American writers of reputation are placed on a footing with English writers, and cited as authorities.

9. Many errors, which have escaped the notice of all English lexicographers, are corrected.

10. Words of irregular orthography are given, not only in the customary spelling, but in letters which express the true pronunciation. This will be a sufficient guide to the pronunciation, without the use of a Key.*

We have received the first number of the Magazine of the Reformed Dutch Church. Edited by William Craig Brownlee, D. D. and patronized by the General Synod of that church.

A work called the Calvinistic Magazine is about to be commenced at Kingsport, East Tennessee. It will advocate the system of doctrines indicated by its name.

Measures have been taken in Philadelphia for establishing in that city a Polytechnic and scientific College. It is designed chiefly for the agriculturist, the mechanic, and the manufacturer.

ENGLAND.--We perceive by our Eng lish publications that the London University provokes much discussion. Its friends appear to meet opposers satisfactorily on all points except one, that of religion, the London Institu tion being in this respect similar to Mr. Jefferson's University. Nevertheless

* The subscription price is twenty dollars.

the object goes forward. "Seven acres of ground (writes a gentleman from London) have been purchased in a most eligible situation at the west end of London, for 30,000l., which is a little more than 130,000 dollars. This simply for the site of the buildings will give you some idea of the design of the institution. The shares have all been taken up, and no doubt is entertained of its success." The University doubtless owes its origin to the same cause which has given rise to the Dissenting academies in England-the exclusive privileges of the old universities.

A composition, to which the incongruous name of Mosaic gold has been affixed, has recently been manufactured in this country; its ingredients are as yet unknown, but the effects produced by the mixture have never been equalled, except by gold itself. In weight alone it is inferior to this metal; it admits of a higher polish, and resists, in an equal degree, the action of the atmosphere and moisture; its price, however, is extremely low, not exceeding, we believe, twopence per ounce in the ingot. A public company has been instituted for the manufacturing of articles of this composition, of which his Majesty has ordered a large quantity for the embellishment of Windsor Castle.

It may be interesting to learn, that a passage in the book of Ezra, viii. 27, wherein "copper as precious as gold" is mentioned, induced an enthusiastic individual of the name of Hamilton to commence, about twenty years ago, a course of experiments which were terminated by this singular discovery, almost realizing the alchymyst's reverie of the transmutation of metals.

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