compita: at the compita were images of the Lares compitales (qui compita servant Ov. Fast. 2. 615). siccus, not drunk, though one might think he was; opp. uvidus, cf. Od. 4. 5. 39. 282. lautis: Hom. I1. 6. 266 285. χερσὶ δ ̓ ἀνίπτοισιν Διὶ λείβειν αἴθοπα οἶνον | ἅζομαι: Hes. O. et D. 724. 283. quid tam magnum, 'what is there in my request so great or difficult' (that I may not pray for it to be granted by you?) surpite=surripite : cf. acpite in Ennius, Cic. de Off. 1. 12. 38; porgite Virg. Aen. 8. 274. 284. dis facile: cf. Theognis 11 σοὶ μὲν τοῦτο, θεά, μικρόν, ἐμοὶ δὲ μέγα. nisi litigiosus, 'unless he were fond of law-suits,' as a law-suit would be sure to follow for fraudulent sale, cf. Ep. 2. 2. 16 n.; Cic. de Off. 3. 17. 71 in mancipiorum venditione venditoris fraus omnis excluditur. qui enim scire debuit de sanitate de fuga de furtis praestat edicto aedilium; Varro, R. R. 2. 10. 5 in (servorum) emptione solet stipulatio intercedere sanum eum esse, furtis noxisque solutum. 287. Chrysippus: 1.3. 126. Meneni: some lunatic. 289. cubantis: cf. 1. 9. 18. 290. quartana: sc. febris, the quartan ague, recurring every fourth day. 291. die... ieiunia: Porph. says dies lovis, i.e. Thursday. The oriental division of time into weeks, and the names of the days of the weeks derived from the sun, moon, and five planets, though not adopted by the Romans until the time of Theodosius (end of 4th cent.), must have been known to them much earlier: cf. Tibull. 1. 3. 18 Saturnidiem, i.e. Saturday. Kiessling considers that there is a reference to the fact that Thursday is one of the two days on which the Pharisees fasted (cf. Comm. on Luke xviii. 12). Orelli 4 also refers the phrase to Jewish beliefs (legem Iudaeorum pulsat Acron) but explains of the actual Sabbath which the Jews were supposed to keep as a fast. The immersion of the boy in a stream by way of purification seems certainly to point to some oriental belief being hinted at. 292. casus medicusve: note the satire. levarit, i.e. si levarit, 1. 4. 18. 293. ex praecipiti, 'from his peril': in praecipiti is a technical term used of the critical state of a sick person, Cels. 2. 6. quone: cf. 2. 2. 107 n. timore deorum: the moral is that of Lucretius, 1. 101 tantum religio potuit suadere malorum. 295. 296. sapientum octavus, 'the eighth of the wise men,' with a reference to the 'seven wise men' of Greece. So Sappho is called 'the tenth muse.' 297. compellarer, absolutely 'called names,' meaning the particular name of insanus, as we see from the next line: compellare often means to assail with bad names; cf. Ep. 1. 7. 34; Cic. Phil. 3. 7. 17 Ciceronem compellat edicto nec sentit amens commendationem esse compellationem suam. inultus, 'with impunity.' 298. totidem audiet, 'shall hear as much in his turn.' totidem, sc. verba. audiet is not, perhaps, here quite = 'to be called,' as 2. 6. 20; Ep. 1.7.38; 1. 16. 17, but is like Plaut. Pseud. 4. 7. 77 contumeliam si dicis audies. 299. respicere ignoto discet pendentia tergo, 'shall be told to look at what hangs from the back which he cannot survey.' The reference is to the well-known fable of the two wallets; cf. Phaedr. 4. 10 veras imposuit Iuppiter nobis duas: | propriis repletam vitiis post tergum dedit : | alienis ante pectus suspendit gravem; Pers. 4. 23; Catull. 22. 21. 300. Stoice .: Horace is the speaker. sic, 'so may you sell with what folly am I mad?' = 'so may you sell ... tell me with what...?' For sic in appeals, cf. Od. 1. 3. 1 n. pluris, 'at a profit.' Horace supposes Damasippus to be passing through the bankruptcy court; and he wishes that his assets (his statues, bric-a-brac, etc.), may realise more than twenty shillings in the pound, so as to pay his creditors, and leave him a balance. • • 303. All MS. authority of weight is for abscisum here, from abscido, which means to cut off; but the sense decidedly favours abscissum, from abscindo, which means to rend off, for Agave and the other Bacchae tore Pentheus in pieces with their hands, Eur. Bacch. 1125 seq. manibus: Euripides again and again mentions the fact of Agave carrying in her own hands the head of her son, as the striking point of horror; e.g. Bacch. 1139 κρᾶτα δ ̓ ἄθλιον | ὅπερ λαβοῦσα τυγχάνει μήτηρ χεροῖν | πήξασ ̓ ἐπ ̓ ἄκρον θύρσον. 'the truth': cf. line 223 cruentis. 305. veris : Dama 308. aedificas: Horace was probably building on his Sabine farm, which he had received from Maecenas about a year before this time: Damasippus hints that he was exceeding his means and station in doing so. sippus tells him that is much the same thing as if he were to ape tall men (longos), when he himself was puny in stature. longus, of a tall man, occurs Catull. 67. 47 longus homo est. 309. bipedalis, 'you are like a dwarf two feet high aping tall men': Horace was, according to his own account, corporis exigui Ep. 1. 20. 24; and for his figure see Intr. p. x. 310. corpore maiorem, 'too big for his body'; cf. Ov. Her. 12. 184 nunc animis audi verba minora meis. Turbo was a plucky gladiator of small stature, like Tydeus, who μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας ἀλλὰ μαχήτης. 311. spiritum et incessum, 'the fire and strut.' 312. verum, proper, reasonable, just: sc. facere; cf. Ep. 1. 7. 98. 313. tantum dissimilem: the reading of vet. Bland., much better than tanto of many MSS. for this abl. of difference is only used with comparatives. On the other hand, for tantum cf. 2. 5. 92 multum similis; Ep. 1. 10. 3 multum dissimiles. The construction is te quoque verum est (facere) tantum dissimilem, et certare (cum illo) tantum minorem, i.e. cum tanto minor sis. Maecenas' magnificent mansion on the Esquiline is especially referred to 1. 8. 7. 314. The well-known Aesopian fable of the frog and the ox-here a calf. pullis: the young of any animal (akin to puer). 316. eliserit, regularly used of squeezing, crushing to death. 317. quantane? ne is superfluous; cf. 2. 2. 107 n. tantum magna, like tantum dissimilem line 313=tam magna=tanta. Cf. Babr. 28. 6 ἡ δὲ φρῦνος ἠρώτα | φυσῶσ ̓ ἑαυτήν, εἰ τοσοῦτον ἣν ὄγκῳ | τὸ ζῶον, Phaedr. 1. 24. 318. maior dimidio, 'bigger by half': an absurd answer for the young frog to give, as the calf must have appeared to it 1000 times bigger than its mother. To avoid this, many take maior dimidio of the old frog=maior facta dimidio, 'when grown half as large again she asked "was he that big?"' Horace puts, however, maior dimidio into the mouth of the young frog, with the intention of producing a ridiculous effect. num tantum: sc. magna. MSS. give tanto. Notice num, 'surely not?' 320. abludit : ἅπαξ εἰρημένον = abhorret, ἀπάδει, 'does not much disagree.' 321. oleum adde camino, 'throw oil on the furnace,' a proverbial expression, cf. Lucian, Tim. 44 πίττῃ καὶ ἐλαίῳ (πῦρ) κατασβεννύναι. From caminus comes chimney, through cheminée. 322. si quis sanus fecit: cf. 2. 7. 117 aut insanit homo aut versus facit; A. P. 296 excludit sanos Helicone poetas Democritus. Poetry is a divine madness, and the poet must be in a 'fine frenzy'; cf. Cic. de Div. 1.37. 80 negat sine furore Democritus quemquam poetam magnum esse posse, quod idem dicit Plato; Plat. Phaedr. 245 A ὃς δ ̓ ἂν ἄνευ μανίας Μουσῶν ἐπὶ ποιητικὰς θύρας ἀφίκηται ἀτελὴς αὐτός τε καὶ ἡ ποίησις ἠφανίσθη, Ion 533 E and the connexion between μάντις and μανία. 323. horrendam rabiem: this is the strongest expression which Horace uses to describe his passionate temper, of which he ... speaks several times: cf. Od. 3. 9. 23 iracundior Hadria; Ep. 1. 20. 25 irasci celerem, tamen ut placabilis essem. cultum maiorem censu, 'living beyond your means': cf. corpore maiorem line 310. 324. teneas...tuis te, 'mind your own business': more lit., 'confine yourself by the limit of your own affairs'; tuis is a limitative abl., like castris se tenuisset Caes. B. G. 1. 40. 326. maior insane: the postponement of insane to the end of the line makes Damasippus expect a compliment until he is undeceived. • SATIRE IV Catius on Cookery. DATE: -about 32 в.с. Horace relates how he met one Catius, who was hurrying home to commit to writing certain precepts on gastronomy, which he had just heard from a person whose name he refuses to reveal; he, however, recites the precepts themselves at length, 12-86. Of these, roughly, 12-34 refer to the gustatio, 35-46 to the mensa prima, 48-69 to drink and sauces, 70-75 to the mensa secunda, and 76-87 to cleanliness. When he has concluded Horace feigns rapturous admiration, and implores Catius to introduce him to the author. Ennius had written a poem in imitation of the Ἡδυφαγητικά of Archestratus, and Varro a satire περὶ ἐδεσμάτων. To the question who Catius was different answers have been given. (1) It has been supposed by some that he was the Catius Insuber mentioned by Cicero (ad Fam. 15. 16. 1) as an Epicurean writer then lately deceased, and of whom Quintilian, 10. 1. 124, says: in Epicureis levis quidem sed non iniucundus tamen auctor est Catius. This Catius must have died before 44 в.с., and there seems no reason why Horace should introduce him here. (2) Comm. Cruq. tells us that M. Catius was an Epicurean who wrote four books, de rerum natura et de summo bono, but on line 47 the same commentator says: inridet eum quod de opere pistorio in suo libro scripsit de se ipso : haec primus invenit et cognovit Catius Miltiades. Hence Orelli has put forward the theory that Catius was one Miltiades, who was a freedman of Cicero's Catius, and had taken the name of his patronus, in addition to his own, as was customary. (3) Manso's view, that Catius is a disguise for Matius (see Od. 2. 12. 13 n.; Palmer Pref. p. xvii.) is generally discarded and yet seems certainly true. This C. Matius was a friend of Julius Caesar, and afterwards of Octavian. He was also intimate with Cicero, and, what is very striking, with Trebatius (cf. Cic. ad Fam. 11. 27; 11.28; ad Att. 9. 15). He was also noted for his endeavours to raise gastronomy to an art; cf. Columella 12. 4. 2 tum demum nostri generis postquam a bellis otium fuit quasi quoddam tributum victui humano conferre non dedignati sunt ut M. Ambivius et Maenas Licinius tum etiam C. Matius quibus studium fuit pistoris et coqui nec minus cellarii diligentiam suis praeceptis instruere; 12. 44. 1 quae C. Matius diligentissime persecutus est illi enim propositum fuit urbanas mensas et lauta convivia instruere, libros tres edidit quos inscripsit nominibus Coci et Cetarii et Salgamarii: 'the Cook,' 'the Fishmonger,' 'the Picklemaker.' His unknown teacher (lines 10-11) may reasonably be regarded as a figment into whose lips he puts his own wisdom, cf. 'Mrs. Harris.' • 1. unde et quo Catius? Cf. Plat. Phaedr. p. 227 A ὦ φίλε Φαῖδρε ποῖ καὶ πόθεν ; cf. 1.9.62. For the 3rd person, cf. Plat. Menex. 234 Α ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ἢ πόθεν Μενέξενος; tempus: sc. consistendi et conloquendi. 2. ponere signa means 'to commit to writing,' taking signa for the letters, the symbols of things: cf. Plaut. Rud. 5. 1. 14 longis litteris signabo. Orelli and Kiessling, however, explain signa of shorthand symbols. vincunt Pythagoran: 'surpass P.' i.e. the precepts of Pythagoras, cf. line 16 n. 3. Anytique reum. Socrates: his three accusers were Meletus, Anytus, Lycon. 4. peccatum: noun, 'I confess my fault.' sic: not to be joined with laevo, but with interpellarim : 'in that I have accosted you as I have done, at an inauspicious moment.' tempore laevo: opp. t. dextro 2. 1. 19. 5. bonus, 'of your grace' or 'goodness'; with mock respect. The mock seriousness throughout should be noticed carefully. 6. interciderit, 'shall have slipped from your memory.' 7. hoc: this faculty of reminiscence. artis refers to artificial memory, the invention of which was ascribed to the lyric poet Simonides of Ceos, Cic. de Orat. 2. 86. 351; Quint. 11. 2. 11; Auct. ad Herenn. 3. 16 sunt duae memoriae, una naturalis, altera artificiosa etc. 9. tenues; 'subtle,' cf. line 36. 11. canam, 'recite,' a word applied to oracles and epic poetry: it is selected by Catius as in keeping both with the mystery and dignity of his subject: see 1. 9. 30. 12. As Comm. Cruq. remarks, bene ab ovis incipit, i.e. ab initio cenae ut alibi (1.3.7) ab ovo usque ad mala citaret io Bacche. Long-shaped eggs had better flavour (gratioris saporis, as Pliny, H. N. 10. 74, explained suci melioris). 13. magis alba, 'whiter,' i.e. whiter inside, referring both to the white and yolk of the egg. The white was a purer white, and the yolk a paler red. Cf. Plin. H. Ν. 10. 74. 144, where the contrary is stated of the eggs of water-fowl: aquaticis lutei plus quam albi, idque ipsum magis luridum quam ceteris. Others understand alba to refer only to the white of the egg, which is here said to be whiter in long-shaped eggs. 14. ponere: serve up, 2. 2. 23. namque marem cohibent callosa vitellum, 'for they are compact, and enclose a male yolk.' That oval eggs were more likely to produce cocks than round ones is stated by Columella, 8. 5. 11; Pliny, Н. Ν. 10. 74. 145; but the opposite is laid down by Aristotle, H. N. 6. 2. 2. 15. cole=caule, 'cabbage,' is much the better attested form here. Cf. cauро and copo, plaustrum and plostrum, plaudo and plodo, cauda and coda, claudo and clodo, Caurus and Corus, raudus and rodus, si audes and sodes, fauces and suffoco, focalia. In most of these cases the form with o was the more vulgar one. suburbano: much of the land close to Rome was flat and marshy. It is generally taken to refer to the artificial watering of the rich men's gardens near Rome. 16. elutius, 'insipid,' lit. washed out. inriguo horto, a compendious comparative for 'than the cabbage of a well-watered garden.' 17. oppresserit, 'drops in on you': opprimere is generally to come upon by surprise. Juv. 10.75 si oppressa foret secura senectus | principis, 'if the old emperor had been caught off his guard.' 18. malum responset, 'offer an unkind resistance to.' responsare always means 'resist,' 'defy,' in Horace, cf. 2. 7. 85, 103; Ep. 1. 1. 68. malum is used adverbially, cf. Od. 1. 22. 23 n. 19. doctus eris: not=docebere, as Orelli, but 'you will show your science by plunging it living into Falernian must.' doctus is adj., and the construction is the same as 2. 8. 24 ridiculus absorbere; 2. 7. 85 fortis responmusto Falerno, Bentley's nearly certain emendation for mixto of the MSS. Must, i.e. the unfermented juice of the grape, was kept for a year, and was used in cookery: Cato R. R. 120; Colum. 12. 29. Of course it would be very much cheaper than old wine. mersare: according to Bentley, this means to kill by drowning: he quotes Cic. Mur. 29. 61 nec minus delinquere eum qui gallum gallinaceum, cum opus non fuerit, quam eum qui patrem suffo sare. caverit. The addition of vivam, however, seems to show it means merely 'plunge,' and suffoco in the passage he quotes may mean 'to throttle.' 21. male creditur: Ov. Her. 7. 54 expertae totiens tam male credis aquae! Virg. Ecl. 3. 94 non bene ripae | creditur. 22. prandia, 'his luncheon.' moris, 'mulberries.' 23. finiet, 'end,' 'conclude,' not 'limit to.' arbore: notice arbore without ab, 'from the tree.' The sense of removal is in the verb. legerit 24. Aufidius may well be the M. Aufidius Lurco mentioned by Pliny, H. N. 10. 20. 45, as having been the first to fatten peacocks for sale, from which trade he derived a large fortune during Pompey's war with the pirates, 67 в.с. 25. vacuis venis, 'an empty stomach': the ancients seem to have regarded the veins as directly connected with and fed by the stomach, 2. 3. 153; Ep. 1. 15. 20. 26. mulsum (οἰνόμελι), ‘mead,' was a mixture of wine and honey: Catius says that Aufidius made the mistake of using Falernian wine, which was strong, in its composition. mulsum was regularly taken at the gustatio, beginning of a banquet: hence vacuae venae: from this custom that part of the meal was called promulsis. leni, 'light,' 'weak': the emphasis is on leni, not on mulso. praecordia=the stomach: 'the cockles of the heart' (Con.) 27. si dura morabitur alvus, 'if the bowels shall be costive.' 28. mitulus: the sea-mussel. The word is connected with μῦς. obstantia=quae obstant. conchae, a general name for shell-fish. Celsus 2. 29 mentions musculi et omnes fere conchulae as having the effect here attributed to them. 29. lapathi brevis herba, 'groundling sorrel.' Shell-fish were filled with sorrel, mallows, etc., Athen. 3. 92, referred to by Heindorf. Catius is still at the gustatio: in an oft-quoted bill of fare of a pontifex given by Macrob. Saturn. 3. 12 we find ante cenam echinos, ostreas crudas quantum vellent, peloridas, sphondylos, turdum, asparagos subtus gallinam altilem, patinam ostrearum, peloridum, balanos nigros, balanos albos. albo Coo: Pliny, H. N. 14. 8. 78, mentions white Coan wine (leucocoum) as one which was made by mixing white must largely with sea-water. 30. The theory that shell-fish fill as the moon does is stated by Lucilius, 1062 luna alit ostrea et implet echinos, muribus fibras | et pecui addit; and by Plin. H. Ν. 2. 41. 109. lubrica refers to the slimy body of the fish. conchylia: the y is long in Latin poetry, Lucr. 6. 1074. 32. murex, 'the purple fish.' The comparison between two totally different things is strange, and, perhaps, we should read murex Baianus, 'the Baian purple fish is a superior kind, the Lucrine giant mussel.' For Baiae cf. Od. 3. 4. 24 n. The Lucrine lake was part of the Bay of Cumae, connected with the latter and with the lake Avernus, to form the Portus Julius, by Augustus. peloris, 'the giant mussel.' 33. Circeiis: on the coast of Latium, a few miles from Rome. Juvenal 4.140 tells us that Montanus could tell where oysters came from by their taste, cf. Circeiis nata forent an | Lucrinum ad saxum Rutupinove edita fundo | ostrea callebat primo deprendere morsu. echini, 'sea-urchins,' cf. Ep. 1. 15. 23 n. 34. pectines are scallops (κτένες). patulis, 'opening' (ἀνάπτυχοι), an epithet which may be applied to most bivalves. molle Tarentum: so Ep. 1. 7. 45 imbelle T.; Juv. 6. 297 coronatum et petulans madidumque T.; Sidon. Carm. 5. 430 uncta Tarentus. It was noted for its luxury. .. • 36. non prius 'before he has mastered the subtle theory of flavours.' exigere is sometimes to find out clearly, Ov. Fast. 3. 637 non tamen exactum quid agat. 37. cara mensa, 'a dear fish-stall.' mensa is the slab, or table, |