11-12 Speech fixed by the frame of the organs; one sound chosen, the rest follow 13-26 How to discover A.-S. pronunciation; names of numerals; formation of numerals; the use of Gothic; Gothic the oldest German PAGES 37-38 38 27-33 Arrangement of the Gothic tongues; Friesic like A.-S. 39-43 44-46 55-60 57-84 State of A.-S. Manuscripts; MSS. of Cædmon; comparison of, &c. 85-92 Books in Friesic; Asega-bôk; Littera Brocmannoram; Amesga-riucht; Keran fon Hunesgena londe; Jeld and botha; Friesic-Laws; Charters 93-94 Friesic where spoken 95-99 SPECIMEN of the Asega-bôk; Brockmen's Laws 61 62 100-1 Hunsingo; Old Friesic of A.D. 1200 compared with Country Friesic 102-9 North and South Holland; East-Friesia, &c. 110-12 Country Friesic, stanzas by the Countess of Blessington; Gysbert Japicx; Hindelopian dialect 71-74 113-19 Remaining dialects; Low-Saxon glossaries, and their use 120-25 Corruption of English; Friesic allied to English 126-27 Friesic useful and English necessary in determining the pronunciation of 128-32 Use of accents; the A.-S. letters were Runic V. THE SAXONS, OR OLD SAXONS. 1-2 The Old-Saxons spoke Low-German; occupied the north of Germany 32-38 Low-German dialects 81 81-83 84-90 90-91 VI. THE NETHERLANDS, OR HOLLAND. 1-3 The Origin of the Dutch; Eminent Men; Batavi a German race 1229; Reinaert de Vos, A.D. 1250; Jacob van Maerlant, A.D. 1260; 37-38 SPECIMENS of Bellamy, A.D. 1780; Bilderdijk, a.d. 1830 39-42 Professor Siegenbeek's Orthography; Van der Palm's version of the Scriptures compared with the established version; other Dutch writers . 43-46 DUTCH DIALECTS; the Flemish, Gelderland, Overijssel PARAGRAPHS VII--THE GOTHS. PAGES 112 . 114-115 116 1-2 Goths of Asiatic origin; passed from Germany into Sweden and Norway 19 The Goths had a grammatical form for the passive voice VIII. THE ALEMANNI, OR SUABIANS. 1 The derivation of the name and the locality of the Alemannic 2-4 Peculiarities of the dialect-mode of speaking—where prevalent 5 The writers and compositions in Alemannic IX. THE FRANCS. 116-119 120 120 121 121 1-3 Who they were; How and when confederated; Extent of territory 4-5 The Carlovingian dynasty; Pepin and his successors 122 122 123 6 Francic writers and compositions X.-HIGH-GERMAN, OR THE ALEMANNIC, SUABIAN, AND FRANCIC DIALECTS. 1 Four centuries between Ulphilas and the next German writer 2-8 An exhortation to Christians, with a SPECIMEN, A.D. 720; Hildibraht, A.D. 730; St. Ambrose's Hymns, A.D. 750; A Hymn to St. Peter, about A.D. 760; Wassobrunn Prayer, A.D. 770; Kero, A.D. 800; Isidore, A.D. 800. 9 Charlemagne promotes learning . 10-14 His Successors; SPECIMENS of their oaths; Rhabanus Maurus; Otfrid, 15-16 The Saxon Emperors, from A.D. 919—1024; Notker, 1020. 23-32 Minnesingers, from A.D. 1100-1300; Nibelungen Leid, A.D. 1150; Walter von der Vogelweide, A.D. 1200; Grave Chunrad von Kilchberg or Kirchberg, A.D. 1190; Henry Rispach, A.D. 1207; Wirnt von Grafenberg, A.D. 1212; Gotfrit von Nifen, A.D. 1235; Other Poems; Schwaben-Spiegel, A.D. 1250; The Edelstein 51 Formation of High-German by Luther 52-53 Extracts from Scripture, from A.D. 1545–1569 54-59 The Froschmauseler, A.D. 1595; the Scripture, A.D. 1752; Soltau's XI. THE SCANDINAVIAN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE. 1 Iceland discovered in A.D. 861 2 Harald Hårfager drove the Norwegian nobles to Iceland 3-5 Iceland in its pagan state; the Skalds; Saga-men 6-8 Sæmund's Edda; Outline of Edda; Song of Grimner 9-10 Snorre's Sturleson's prose Edda; Njála PARAGRAPHS 11-12 Snorre' Heimskringla; Kónungsskuggsjá 13-14 The Landnámabók; the Sagas 15-16 The Royal Society of North. Antiq.; Sagas; Historical Sagas 17-18 Færeyinga Sagas; Mytho-historical Sagas 19-20 An account of Loðbrókarkviðu; Danska túnga 21-30 Specimen of Starkad the Old before A.D. 645; the Völu-spá; Bödvar Bjarke about A.D. 845; Bleking inscription, A.D. 770; specimen of Loðbrókarkviðu, A.D. 863; inscription at Jellinge, 900; ode to king Olaf; Icelandic of A.D. 1150; Snorre's Edda, A.D. 1200; Grágás, A.D. 1290 . 31-42 DANISH of A.D. 1397-1450; Scripture extracts, from 1518-1827; National Song; ICELANDIC Scriptures, from 1539-1671 43-49 SWEDISH, Old Swedish, what; King Smék, A.D. 1354; Scripture ex- 57 NORWEGIAN, what 58 Ferroe dialect XIL THE AFFINITY OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGES. PAGES 147-148 148 148 148 149 150-154 155-157 1 All the Germanic languages spring from one source 2-4 Example of Fish; Identity proved by the similarity of irregular verbs, and personal pronouns 5 Similarity of languages, long separated, proves an original alliance XIII. THE IMPORTANCE OF ETYMOLOGY. 1-2 Words the creation of mind; Nouns first formed, then verbs 3-6 Verbs formed from nouns in Hebrew, Greek, Welsh, in the German languages 7-8 Formation of adjectives, and of adverbs 9-10 Subsequently nouns derived from verbs; the rudiments of etymology 11-13 German system of vowels; importance of; summary of vowels 14-15 System of consonants; double consonants 18-19 Formation of words by umlaut and guna; roots first perceptions 20-22 How names arise; Etymology shows the radical meaning 170 171 23 The German doctrine of consonants, and umlaut and guna, the soul of etymology 41-69 Origin of European writing, and the classification of MSS. XV. THE CONCLUSION. 1-13 Use of Languages in historical investigation, &c. . |