IV. Summer Course of three months' duration, for students of Medicine; ending about the third week in June. V. Course for Pharmaceutical Students; held during the second and third terms. Laboratory Work. VI. The Chemical Laboratory is open daily from 10 to 4 o'clock, except on Saturdays, to Students entering for Special Courses of practical work in General Inorganic Chemistry, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Organic Chemistry, or for the purpose of Original Investigation. Scholarships, &c.-In addition to the Class Prizes given at the Sessional Examinations, the College awards a Senior Scholarship of the value of £40, for Chemistry and Physics (either of which may be taken as a limited course), and numerous Junior Scholarships in Arts, Medicine, and Engineering, of which chemistry forms a part, value from £20 to £24 each, annually; and the 1851 Exhibition Scholarships, value £150, tenable for two, and, under certain circumstances, for three years, have from time to time been placed at the disposal of the College. Full particulars as to Lectures, Fees, Scholarships, Exhibitions, &c,, are contained in the Regulations extracted from the College Calendar, which will be supplied on application to the Registrar. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, GALWAY. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND. Professor-Alfred Senier, Ph.D., M.D., D Sc., F.I.C., F.C.S., M R.1.A. Demonstrator-Arthur Compton, B.A., M.B. Research Assistant-Frederick G. Shepheard, B.Sc., &c. The Session commences in October and ends in June. Chemistry is studied by attendance at Lectures, by work in the Laboratories, and by the use of the College Library. The Courses in the several faculties are arranged in accordance with the requirements of the University, but are adapted also to those of other Universities and licensing bodies. Lecture Courses. Faculty of Arts. 1. Second year's Course, Inorganic and Organic, and the Elements of General Chemistry. 2. Third year's Course, Advanced Organic Chemistry. 3. Fourth year's Post-Graduate Course, Advanced General Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Medicine.-First year's Course, Inorganic and Elementary Organic Chemistry. School of Engin. eering. First year's Course, Inorganic Chemistry. Laboratory Courses. Faculty of Arts. 1. Second year's Course, Exercises in Inorganic Qualitative Analysis. 2. Third year's Course, Quantitative Analysis and other experiments to suit the requirements of individual Stu dents. 3. Fourth year's Post-Graduate Course, Advanced Quantitative Analysis, Organic and Inorganic Prepara. tions, and determination of their Physical and Chemical characters. 4. The Laboratories are also open to Students for work in other branches of Chemistry. Faculty of Medicine. 1. Second year's Course, Inorganic and Organic Elementary Qualitative Analysis, and the Chemical Examination of Urine. School of Engineering. -1. Second year's Course, Inorganic Qualitative Analysis. A Scholarship in Chemistry is offered for competition each year of the value of £40, and Chemistry enters into the subjects required for numerous Scholarships in Arts, Medicine, and Engineering. The Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 offer every two years a Science Research Scholarship of £150 per annum. This Scholarship has already been held by six Chemistry Students of this College. For details as to Fees, Regulations as to Scholarships, and other particulars apply to the Registrar, from whom the Calendar, published in December, and the Extracts from Calendar, published in advance in July, may be obtained. ROYAL COLlege of SCIENCE, DUBLIN. Dean of Faculty and Professor of Chemistry-W. N. Hartley, F.R.S., D.Sc. Lecturer on Organic Chemistry-Alphonsus O'Farrelly, M.A. Senior Assistant-J. Holms Pollok, D.Sc. Junior Assistant-J. Ivon Graham, A R C.Sc.I. The Royal College of Science supplies, as far as practicable, a complete course of instruction in Science applicable to the Industrial Arts, and is intended also to aid in the instruction of teachers for the local Schools of Science. Diplomas are awarded in the Faculties of Engineering (Mechanical and Electrical), Applied Chemistry, and Agriculture. If accompanied by a certificate from the Professor of Chemistry, the Diploma of Associate of the Royal College of Science in the Faculty of Applied Chem stry is recognised by the Council of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland as qualifying candidates for admission to the practical examinations of the Institute. The instruction in Chemical Science includes (1) General Chemistry; (2) Organic Chemistry, Elementary and Advanced; (3) Analytical and Experimental Chemistry; (4) Instruction in Chemical Research. Fees payable by Non-Associate Students :-£2 for each separate Course of Lectures. For Analytical Chemistry and Research-£5 for three months; £9 for six months; £12 for the entire session. Assaying-£5 for three months; £9 for six months. £12 for the entire session. There are four Royal Scholarships of the value of £50 each yearly, with Free Education, including Laboratory Instruction, tenable for two years; two become vacant each year; they are awarded on the results of their examinations to Associate Students, not being Royal Exhibitioners, who have been a year in the College. A limited number of Scholarships in Science and Technology are competed for each year. These Scholarships addition, entitle the holder to free instruction during are of the value of £50 a year for three years, and, in the full Associateship Course. For further particulars apply to the Registrar. PROFESSIONAL CHEMICAL QUALIFICATION (F.I.C. AND A.I.C.). tute. THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.-The Institute of Chemistry was founded in October, 1877, and incorporated by Royal Charter in June, 1885, (i.) to promote the better education of persons desirous of becoming professional consulting and technological chemists, public analysts, and chemical advisers; (i.) to examine Candidates, and to grant certificates of competency; and (iii.) to elevate the profession of Consulting and Analytical Chemistry by setting up a high standard of scientific and practical proficiency and by insisting on the observance of strict rules in regard to professional conduct. The Studentship.-Every Candidate for admission to the Studentship is required to produce evidence that he is at least seventeen years of age, and that he has passed a Preliminary Examination in subjects of general education, recognised by the Council of the InstiHe must also show that, at the time of making application for registration, he is working at a College or University recognised by the Council, or under the direction of a Fellow of the Institute in an approved laboratory. The Intermediate Examination in General Theoretical and Practical Chemistry.-Candidates for admission to the Intermediate Examination are required to produce evidence (I.) of having passed an approved Preliminary Examination in subjects of general education; (II.) of having regularly attended systematic day courses, in a College or University recognised by the Council, during at least three academic years, in theoretical and practical Chemistry, and courses in Physics, Mathematics, and one of the following subje&s, in accordance with the Regulations of the Institute: (i.) Higher Physics; (ii.) Advanced Mathematics; (iii.) Mechanics and Chemical Engineering; (iv.) Metallurgy; (v) Geology and Mineralogy; (vi.) Physiology; (vii.) Bacteriology; (viii.) Agriculture; (ix.) Elementary Botany; (x.) Elementary Biology; and (III.) of having satisfactorily passed the Class Examinations in all the subjects required to be taken. As an alternative in the matter of training (II.) a candidate may take two years' day courses in a recog nised Institution as indicated above, and work systematically for two other years under a Fellow of the Institute in an approved laboratory. A Candidate who has taken a Degree in Science (including Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, and Physics in the Degree Examination, Mathematics having been also passed in at either the Final or Intermediate University Examination) in a University recognised by the Council, is eligible for admission to the Intermediate Examinati n of the Institute. Holders of certain Honours Degrees or Diplomas are exempt from passing the Intermediate, and, by virtue of their qualifica tions, are eligible for admission to the Final Examination direct. The Final Examination for the Associateship (A I.C.). This comprises, in addition to a general knowledge of all branches of chemistry, a thorough knowle ige of one branch-mineral cheinistry; metallurgical chemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry, chemistry of food and drugs and water (including a compulsory examination in therapeutics, pharmacology, and microscopy), or bolog cal chemistry. Any Candidate who has passed the Intermediate Examination of the Institute, or who is en itled to claim exemption from passing the Intermediate Examination, is eligible for admission to the Final Examination. Fellowship (F.I C ).-For admission to the Fellow. ship, an Associate is required to have been registered for three years, and to have been continuously engaged during that period in the study and practical work of applied chemistry in a manner satisfactory to the Council. particulars are given in "The Book of Regulations for the Admission of Students, Associates, and Fellows," which may be obtained (Price One Shilling) from the Registrar, 30, Bloomsbury Square, London, W.C. Full CHEMICAL LECTURES, CLASSES, AND LABORATORY INSTRUCTION. 147 the scientific principles underlying the particular branch Courses of Inorganic, Organic, and Technological Cnemistry, Mr. John Wilson, M.Sc. (Vict.), and Assistants. Session opens Sept. 27. Complete courses of Instruction are given in Chemistry (Inorganic and Organic), together with Physics, Electricity, Engineering subjects, German, Certain of the Courses (Day and Evening) are recognised &c., for intending technological and works chemists. by the University of London in preparation for the B.Sc., for which examination (Pass and Honours) complete courses of instruction, un ier recognised teachers, are provided. Special Evening Courses in Technica Bacteriology, Paper Making, and Oils, Fats, Sap, and Candles. BOROUGH POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 103, Borough Road, C. Dé, M A., D.S. Evening Lectures ani Laboratory S.E.-Chemistry Department under the Direction of Work in Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. Special Electro-chemical Analysis. Special Course of Lectures on Lectures and Laboratory Courses in Electro-chemis ry and Chemistry and Technology of the Essential O 1s, by C. T. Bennett, B. Sc., A.I.C. S.ssion opens Monday, Sept. 27. BIRKBECK COLLEGE, Breams Buildings, Chancery Lane. prepare for various Examinations, the B.Sc. and M.B. Degrees of the London University, Conjoint Board,. CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION.-The opera tions of the City and Guilds of London Institute are divided broadly into four branches: the educational work of three London Colleges, and of the Technological Examinations. Programmes of the London Colleges may be had on application to the Head Office of the Institute, Gresham College, Basinghall Street, London, E.C., or from the respective Colleges. The Technological Examinations (Examinations Department, Exhibition-Chemistry Courses conducted by Dr. Alex. McKenzie Road, S.W.), are conducted once every year at various centres throughout the kingdom. The Programme of the Colege, containing tull particulars of the conditions of entrance, Ice, and Courses of instruction, may be had on application. City and Guilds Central Technical College, Exhibition Road.-Professor of Chemistry, H. E. Armstrong, Ph D., F.R.S. The object of this Institution is to give to London a College for the higher technical education, in which advanced instruction shall be provided in those kinds of knowledge which bear upon the different branches of productive industry, whether Manufac tures or Arts. The main purpose of the instruction given is to pratically demonstrate the application of different branches of science to various manufacturing industries. In order that this instruction may be efficiently carried out, the Institution, in addition to the lecture theatres and class rooms, is fitted with laboratories, drawing offices, and workshops; and opportunities are afforded for the prosecution of original research, with the object of the more thorough training of the students, and for the elucidation of the theory of industrial processes. The courses of instruction are arranged to suit the requirements of 1. Persons who are training to become Technical Teachers; 2. Persons who are preparing to enter Engineers' or Architects' offices, or Manufacturing works; 3. Persons who desire to acquaint themselves with Pharmaceutical Examinations. Board of Education, &c. NORTHERN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, Holloway Road, Mr. A. H. Munday, F.C.S.; and Mr. G. Naylor. SOUTH WESTERN POLYTECHNIC, Chelsea, S.W.Principal, Sidney Skinner, M.A. Head of the Chemical Department, J. B. Coleman, A.R.C.S., F.I.C. Day and Evening Courses in Theoretical and Practical Chemistry and several branches of Applied Chemistry including Metallurgy, Assaying, Photography, &c. Systematic Courses are held for the Matriculation, Inter. Sci, and B.Sc. Examinations (Pass and Honours) of the University of London. The Day Course in Chemistry is of three years' duration; it gives a thorough training to those who wish to become Consulting or Industrial Chemists. Prospectus of Day and Evening Classes may be obtained from the Secretary, Id., by post 4d. NEWS Day by Messrs. Jos. Yates, M.Sc., F.I C., W. O. Littlebury, B.Sc., F.I.C., Jos. Kenyon, B.Sc., A.I.C., and W. A. Jowitt. Session opens Monday, Sept. 20. Full details of the Classes are given in the "Students' Handbook," which may be had at the Institution (price rd., by post 3d.). LEEDS: CENTRAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL, Leeds Institute, Cookridge Street, Leeds.-Head Master, R. E. Barnett, B.Sc. (Lond.), A. R.C. S. Evening Classes are held in all subjects of Science and Technology, among which are:Chemistry (Inorganic and Organic), Chemical Calculations and Principles of Analysis, by Mr. R E. Barnett, B.Sc., A.R.C.S., Mr. J. B. Murray, Mr. A. McFarlane, and Mr. O. F. Kirby, M.A., B.Sc.; Metallurgy (Theoretical and Practical) and Iron and Steel Manufacture, by Mr. B. A. Burrell, F.I.C., F.C.S.; Gas Manufacture, by Mr. W. E. Pettigrew; Oils and Fats, by Mr. W. Dillon; Magnetism and Electricity, Practical Physics, &c., by Mr. J. E. Tindall, B.A., B.Sc.; Bread-making and Flour Confectionery, by Messrs. W. H. Quinn and J. C. Hesselgrave; Photography, by Mr. S. E. Bottomley. Fees: from 78.61. per session. Group courses arranged for Students engaged in Chemical Industries. Special three evening Course for Pharmaceutical Students, covering the "Minor" syllabus in three years, by Messrs. J. H. Gough. Ph. C., F.C.S.; S. Parrish, B.Sc., A.R.C.S; and N. Walker. Session commences Sept. 20th. See the Technical Handbook, 2d. (by post 5d.). Prospectuses of various Classes free on application to the Head Master, or to Mr. James Graham, Secretary for Education, Calverley Street, Leeds. EAST LONDON COLLEGE, Mile End Road, E.-Chemistry Professor, J. T. Hewitt, M.A., D.Sc., Ph.D. Lectures and Practical Classes are conducted in the Day Technical College, the regular College Course being three years. The work of the first year corresponds with the requirements of the Int. Sci., Lond., that of the next two years with the degree examination, B.Sc. (Honours and Pass). Special attention is given to work for the Honours Examination and research. Evening Classes for London University Degrees are also held. UNIVERSITY TUTORIAL COLLEGE, 32, Red Lion Square, Holborn, W.C.-This Institution contains large Laboratories for Chemistry, Physics, Geology, and other subjects. Classes are specialised for Examinations of London University, but students may take up work for any Examina. tion. The special feature of the College is that work goes on all the year round, thus affording students residing in the Country an opportunity of doing practical work during their Vacations. &c., SIR JOHN CASS TECHNICAL INSTITUTE, Jewry Street, Aldgate.-Principal, Charles A. Keane, D.Sc., Ph.D., assisted by H. Burrows, Ph.D., F.I.C., Arthur R. Ling, F.I.C., A. R. Smith, M.Sc., F.C.S., C. O. Bannister, A.R.S.M., Arthur Harden, D.Sc., J. S. S. Brame, and Wesley J Lambe t. The Session of the Sir John Cass Technical Institute will commence on Thursday, September 23rd. The Institute, which was founded by the Governors of Sir John Cass's Foundation, is specially devoted to technical training in experimental Science and in the Artistic Crafts. Graded curricula of study, extending over several years, are provided in the several departments of work, and in addition a number of special courses of instruction given by experts, so that there are full educational facilities in the subjects taught, both for youths and for those who have had no previous systematic training, and also for those holding responsible positions who desire to keep in touch with modern developments of the applications of science to industry. Amongst the special features of the syllabus for the new Session are courses of instruction on "Liquid, Gaseous, and Solid Fuel," arranged to meet the requirements of those engaged in chemical and engineering works or who are concerned with the use of fuel as a motive power; on the Fermentation Industries, including a special course on the Microbiology of the subject; on the various branches of Metallurgy, and on Scientific and Technical German. The aim of this last course is to provide for those engaged both in Pure and in Applied Science with an opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of scientific and technical terms employed in German with the view of enabling them to read German scientific and technical works and literature. Full details may be obtained on application, or by letter to the Principal. EAST HAM TECHNICAL COLLEGE. - Principal, W. H. Barker, B.Sc. Chemistry, A. E. Dunstan, B. Sc. Evening Classes and Secondary School. BLACKBURN MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL.-Chemistry: Mr. Robert H. Pickard, D.Sc.(Lond.)., &c., assisted REDRUTH SCHOOL OF MINES, CORNWALL.-Principal, Henry C. Jenkins, Wh.Sc, A.R.S.M., Assoc. M. Inst.C.E., M.I.M. and M., &c., assisted by a staff of Mining Practical and Theoretical instruction are given in Engineers and Mine Surveyors Complete courses of Inorganic Chemistry, Assaying, Mineralogy, Blowpipe Ore Dressing, Mechanical Engineering, &c., for intending Analysis, Mine Surveying, Geology, Principles of Mining, Assayers, Mineral Chemists, Mining Engineers, and Surveyors. Practical instruction in Mining given at the Basset Mines, Ltd. Syllabus on application. MUNICIPAL SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY, Sackville Street, Manchester.-Laboratories and workshops for Mechanical, Electrical, Sanitary and Hydraulic Engineering, Textile industries, Photography, Collotype and Photo-mechanical processes, Letterpress and Lithographic industries, and industries within the scope of Architecture. The provision for the teaching of Chemistry, as might be expected in a district where the Chemical industries are important, is of an exceptionally complete character. It comprises laboratories for Metallurgy, Brewing, Bleaching, Dyeing and Printing, Paper-making, and Electro-chemistry. The Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing and Finishing, and the Paper-making industries are in addition extensively equipped in a separate building with machinery and appliances on an industrial scale. A Brew-house is also equipped on the low gravity principle, with a plant of four bushel capacity. The School is now established as the Faculty of Technology in the University of Manchester, and students of the School fulfilling the conditions can proceed to the Degrees of Bachelor and Master of Technical Science B.Sc. and M.Sc. Tech.). The Session commences Sept. 20. WOLVERHAMPTON MUNICIPAL SCIENCE AND Technical SCHOOL.-Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Mr. W. Whitehouse, F.C.S.; Physics, Messrs. W. Whitehouse and A. T. Harrison, B. Sc.; Botany, Mr. Sidney Phillips, Ph.C. Day Classes in Chemistry, and Evening Classes in Chemistry, Physics, Botany, French, &c. Special arrangements are made for the requirements of Pharmaceutical and Medical Students. Session commenced Monday, Sept. 13th. For other particulars and programme, apply Mr. G. F. Chell, Secretary. MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE, BELFAST.-Prin. cipal, F. C. Forth, A.R.C.Sc.I. Chemistry, Prof. J. Hawthorne, B.A., Ph.D., and Assistan's. Day and Evening Courses. Session opened Sept. 13th. CHEMICAL NEWS, Advertisements. PATENT H2S APPARATUS (Crawford's System). NO CLOGGING OF TUBES. NO LEAKY Genaration can be stopped Instantly by simply turning NOTHING TO GET OUT OF ORDER. EASILY CLEANED. PRICE 12s. 6d. NET. & J. GEORGE, F."E. BECKER & CO. (Ltd., Success), HATTON WALL, LONDON. THE SIR JOHN CASS SOUTH-WESTERN POLYTECHNIC TECHNICAL INSTITUTE, JEWRY STREET, ALDGATE, E.C. Principal-CHARLES A. KEANE, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.İ.C. Evening Classes in Chemistry, Brewing and Malting, LIQUID, GASEOUS, and { CHARLES A. KEANE, D.Sc., Ph.D., ARTHUR R. LING, F.I.C. J. S. S. BRAME. INSTITUTE, MANRESA ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. EVENING CLASSES commence on SEPT. 7th, and DAY COURSE.-Fridays: Lecture, 2 to 3; Practical, 3 to 5. Fee, METALLURGY.-Elementary and Advanced C. O. BANNISTER, ASSOC. R.S.M., M I.M.M., and WESLEY J. LAMBERT, ASSOC. Inst. C.E. Each Course of Lectures will be accompanied by suitable Laboratory Work. SCIENTIFIC and TECHNI-J. N. GOLDSMITH, M.Sc., Ph.D., Engineering (Metallurgy). ..) F.I.C. CAL GERMAN.. ... A Course specially arranged for Chemists. NEW SESSION begins THURSDAY, SEPT. 23rd. Every facility for Advanced Practical Work and Research in wellequipped Laboratories, both in the Afternoon and Evening. For details of the Classes apply at the Office o the Institute, or by letter to the PRINCIPAL. Sept. 17, 1909 Quotations given Jor any design of apparatus, however complicated, the only limit being that of size. To those unacquainted with the properties of Fused Silica, the following may be of interest : It does not crack on subjection to the most violent and sudden changes of It is unattacked by the volatile Acids, with the exception of Hydrofluoric Acid. Its co-efficient of expansion is '00000059 per degree Centigrade (about of |