The palinodia of Stesichorus was taken in a literal sense by many of the ancients; it seems to have been a humorous and mocking aggravation of the original satire. Horace has imitated it in his address to Canidia, with great effect : Paratus expiare, seu poposceris Centum juvencos; sive mendaci lyra THE question respecting the orthography of Sylva, which has been renewed by an intelligent writer in Classical Journal, XLV. 30—1., may be decided by the production of the following authorities :— "Sylva Isidoro 17, 6. videtur dici quasi Xylina a úλov, Lignum, quia in ea ligna cædantur. Sed est ab an, spiritu aspero in s converso, quomodo ab est Sex; ab μov, Semis, insuperque inserto v consono; qua ratione ab "Aopvos est Avernus, ab gos, Servus. Pierius ad Ecl. 4. quod in vett. libb. Silva scribatur per i, putat Silvam a silendo dictam esse, quia sit Locus silens. Sed interdum u in i convertitur, quomodo a Orúnos est Stipes, a póyw, Frigo, &c. Itaque et similiter in vett, libb. legas Nimfa, Limfa, Mirtus, Cignus, et similia. Nec obstat significationis diversitas. Nam An ap. Hom, aliquoties legas pro Sylva, eodemque locutus modo Herodian, et quidam alii, qui prosa scripsere. Indeque est, quod Macrob. Somn. Scip. 1, 12. Sylvestrem tumultum interpretatur Hylen. Etiam in Cyrilli Glossis legas: "An ev ögeσi Sylva, Nemus." G. J. Voss. Etym. L. L. “Silva, i Latino scribunt Pierius, Gifanius, Manutius, idque defendi posse Pontacus in Euseb. opinatur. Eorum ratio, quia sit a silendo. Rectæ scriptionis ratio inconcinna. Nam ubi sunt aves garrulæ, quadrupedes clamitant, boant, rudunt, rugiunt, ubi virgulta sonantia silvis, ubi strepitant frondes, ventus, silentium tu clamas? Amat profecto, amat aspera accentiuncula in s demigrare, 'Exxoì, Selli; dog, Sedes; vs, Sus, aliaque ་ sexcenta: sic λn, Silva, cum digammo olum. Hebræi, scio, Drenn, Silvas, et Saltus ex n, quid postea? Gifanius Silva i Latiari nunc ab omnibus scribi clamat. Vineti in Florum illa sunt: Undeunde originem trahat Silva per vocalem Latinam dicere, scribereque soleo, et inde Silvios illos, Silvanum Deum, Silvestrem Musam, et quæcumque alia nomina nobis Silva peperit primam sillabam retinentia. Sic enim illa in antiquis exemplaribus monumentisque Latinis scripta reperio. Sic EBia, Zinutos, vavo scribuntur in Suida, Zonara, Plut. Strab. Apud Plut. Sylla aßiov Loci nomen est. Ciofanus in Metam. 1. testatur libris Mss. omnibus Silvas per i Latinum esse. Maro: Si canimus silvas, silvæ sint consule digna." Cl. Dausquii Antiqui Novique Latii Orthographica 2, 290. "Caute Gr. litteras Latini tractant. Sunt autem v, 0, 2, 8, X,, quæ tantum in iis verbis sunt respiciendæ, quorum manifesta ex Gr. petita est derivatio; non a conjectura nugacium Grammaticorum. Sic y male adsumtum est in Sydus, Syncerus, Tyro, quæ nullo modo sunt ex Græcia: dubie in ceteris, Sylva, (Sylva haud dubie est ab ux, nam spiritus asper a Lat. in's mutatur, ut 35, Sus, ip, Semi, 2005, Sedes, ěž, Sex, útip, Super, pro, Serpo, axxopas, Salio. Heumann.) Hyems, Stylus, Clypeus, Inclytus, Lacryma: (adde Ocyter, Ocyssime, ab wwis, quamquam mehus seribitur Ociter, Ocissime, s. Ocissume, v. Corte ad Sallust. B. J. 25. p. 539. Plura collegit ad hunc CelVarii locum illustrandum J. Schulz. in Florum Sparsione p.. 152. Harles.) et si hæc essent ab ὕλη, ἕω, γλύφω, στύλος, κλυτός, δά poov, (quod tamen non omnibus est liquidum,) tamen recepta usu ita sunt, et Lat. civitate donata, ut tamquam nata in Latio, non ut Gr. et peregrina, censeantur. (Immo vero quia sunt Græcorum, sunt ser. per y. Excipe tamen Inclutus, quia est Lat. Alias enim etiam ser. esset Tirannus pro Tyrannus. Heu mann. At enim. Etymologia sæpe fallax est, et orthographia, teste Quinetil. 1, 7. consuetudini servit, ideoque sæpe mutata est. Major fides est Inscriptionibus habenda: Numismatibus tamen, judice Drakenb. ad Sil. Ital. 1,93. in vera Orthographia investiganda tutissime creditur. Harles.) Obertus Gifanius Præf. in Lucret. præclare:- De Græcis verbis, iisque omnibus, quæ Gr. sunt origine, sed Romana prorsus jam faeta, recte exarandis, longe alia mihi, quam que vulgo, est sententia. Puto ea, quæ in vetustis Codd. uno consensu, licet Græca, Romano more sunt exscripta; itidem a nobis scribi debere, ut sua cuique relinquatur et vindicetur consuetudo. Quæ autem Romana jam sunt vocabula, licet Gracie originem debeant suam, non ideo tamen scripturam sequi debent." Exempla, quæ, ad y pertinent, hæc apposuit, Hiems, Stilus, Silva, Inclitus, Clipeus, Lacrima. (In eadem, qua Gifanius, sententia est Jac. Nicol. Loensis Misc. 4, 2. p. 398. In orthographia,' inquiens, Latinis magis credendum est, quam Græcis, qui plerumque voces detorquent, ad suam pronunciationem, prout eis mollius sonant, invertuntque, quod adeo frequens est, ut exempla referre sit operis superflui et infiniti.' Harles.) Quædam ex his interdum per u sunt scripta, ut Lacruma, Inclutus, (recte scribitur Inclutus, a cluo. Heumann.) Clupeus; sed hoc archaismum sapit, qui postea cultiori avo fuit emendatus: Sulla vero, viri nomen, quod Græci ú scribunt, Lat, est, ideoque ubique fere u servatum." Cellar. Græcorum v plerumque a Romanis redditur, crassiore paulo sono per v, et vice versa. Unde verosimile est, ubi v non mutatur in v, scr. esse per y, vera pronunciatione servata, maxime si origo Latinæ vocis sit manifesto Gr." Heumann. "De usu yap. Latinos disserit Petrus Ramus in libro de Sono Litterarum L. 1. p. 23. sqq. Huic autem litteræ quando genuinus usus sit adserendus, bene docet Nahmmacher. in Comment, de Litterat. Rom. 86. (1.) Cavendum est, inquit, ut ne qua vocabula Græcæ esse originis existimemus, quæ inde repetenda non sunt, ut Sidus, Sincerus, Tiro. Quin immo, ne tum quidem satis tuto ad Gr. derivationem provocatur, quando probabile quidem maxime est, aliquam vocem ex Græcis descendere, sed tamen non satis exploratum habetur: quo Silva, Hiems, Clipeus, Inclitus, et Lacrima a Cellario referuntur. T autem littera vicaria Too y in Inclutus et Lacruma veterum licet more uti. (2.) lis in vocibus, quas deductas esse ex Græcis constat, et in quibus etiam subinde, in veterum monumentis et a probatis litteratoribus littera y adservata est: nihil sane est, quod eam repudies, ut in Syria, Syriacus, Symbolum, Syncophanta, Hylas, Hyacinthus. Atque harum unice vocum caussa eam esse litteram a vett. Romanis admissam, Priscianus testatur. (3.) Contra ea autem in iis, quæ a Gr. descendunt quidem, sed diuturno ap. Quirites usu, penitus in Lat. loquelas abierunt, y adhibendum non est; præcipue si in litteratis etiam Lapidibus ac Nummis y exclusum fuerit; est enim veterum exemplum ubique regulæ æquiparandum. Hactenus Nahmmacher." Harles. Chr. Cellarii Orthogr. Lat. ex vetustis Monumentis Ed. Harles. Ltenburgi, 1768. T. 1. p. 9-12. "Silva per i, ex consensu antiquitatis et librorum veterum. Qui cum Gifanio sylva per y scribunt, a Gr. λŋ deducunt; sed usu et auctoritate veterum destituuntur. Inde nomen Silvanus, Silvius, Silvia, frequentia in Inscriptt. et Codd. vett. semper per i Lat. Accedit, quod vel ipsi Græci scriptt. hane scripturam probant, quando Σirvavòs, Elλvioç, Σixßía, legere est ap. Strab. ' Plut. Zonar. Suid. alios. Quare nec hodie Silvester, aliter, ac per i Latinum scribi debebat. Cell. Schurzfl. Lips. Voss. Art. Gr. 151. Y hoc Græcorum ap. Latinos archaice scriptum, et pronuntiatum per v, v. g. Cvmba pro Cymba, Illoricus pro Illyricus, Lacroma pro Lacryma, si quidem per y interdum a vett. scriptum, et a dáxpupa descendit; quod tamen, ut modo dixi, non omnibus est liquidum: v. Quinctil. 1, .4. Porrus scripsit Ennius, non Pyrrhus, Frvges, non Phryges : quemadmodum ipsius antiqui declarant libri, teste Cic. Orat. s. 160. Remansit hinc Cominum, quod tamen scribitur etiam Cyminum! Gr. xúpivov. Item Murrhina, quod tamen scribitur etiam Myrrhina." J. F. Noltenii Lexicon L. L. Anti-Barbarum... Thetford, April, 1821. E. H. BARKER BIBLICAL CRITICISM. .PROVERBS xxvi. 8. illustrated. PERUSING the Octavius of Minucius Felix (Editii Ouzelir, 1672) I was arrested by this passage at the commencement of the dialogue, page 14: Tunc Octavius ait," Non boni viri est, Marce frater, hominem domi forisque lateri tuo inhærentem, sic in hac imperitia vulgaris cæcitate deserere, ut, tam luculento die, in Lapides eum patiaris impingere, effigiatos sane, unctos et coronatos; cum scias hujus Erroris non minorem ad te quam ad ipsum infamiam redundare." "Then Octavius observes, Brother Marcus, it is not the character of a good man thus to desert, in this blindness of popular folly, a creature, who is ever at your side both at home and abroad: that in this bright day (' of the Gospel), you should suffer him to stumble on the stones, dressed, anointed, and bedecked with garlands; while you are sensible that the infamy of this error reflects no less on yourself than on him.' I have supplied this ellipsis: as the allusion is manifest, and fixes the existence of the author within the Christian era. The learned notes on the expression, in lapides eum patiaris impingere, effigiatos sane, unctos et coronatos, lead, in my humble opinion, to an emendation and illustration of the 8th verse of the 26th chapter of Proverbs. Our present version of the Bible, though generally excellent, yet presents here and there obscurities, which it is hoped the increasing knowledge of the Hebrew and other Oriental languages, and illustration by profane authors, will in time disperse. The verse, as it now stands: " As he that bindetli a stone in a sling, so is he that giveth honor to a fool," is the translation for The moral maxims conveyed in this excellent book are very often exemplified by simile. One is intended in the verse under our notice. Our reason asks, what is similar to bestowing honor on a fool? to such conduct it is unable to assimilate the action of "binding a stone in a sling." On examining the Lexicons, we find that the word which occurs but this once in the Bible, is translated "sling," yet is derived from the verb D7, which means to "heap toge-. ther;" but is never used, except with the word expressed or understood. The word "sling" occurs several times; but it is the translation of, regularly derived from, to "whirl round." The words "he that bindeth," are the translation of , the infinitive: literally, "as to bind;" yet the collected sense of the Lexicons, and of the passages in which the same word is found, impress the mind with the idea of our expressions, to "wrap round," to encircle, to close round, and "to bind." In its common acceptation it is, but the reduplication, by which the verb becomes, as obvious in many other similar terminations of the Hebrew verbs, adds intensity to the common meaning. The infinitive mood in Kal is often, as in Greek, used substantively; so y signifies, by just deduction, a purse; which anciently was in the zone or girdle that surrounded the body. In another passage it means a packet, or little bag. In the Song of Solomon, cap. i. 13. 17, " a bag of myrrh." Y, In Amos it is translated grain, in which the farina is packed, enclosed, or surrounded by the husk: in the other passages the same original idea is preserved. In the verse under notice Solomon wishes to impress, first, the notion of rendering folly |