διακωλύοντι τὸν ἀπόστολον, διότι τὰ σκεύη οὐκ ἀπεδίδον, καὶ τὰ ἐνέ χυρα ἀφείλετο, καὶ ἐμὲ συνέκοψε τὸν εἰσπράττοντα καὶ ὑπηρετοῦντα τῇ πόλει. Demosth. κατὰ Εὐεργ. p. 1151. It appears from what immediately follows, that the Senate had. the power either of delivering over this offender to one of the ordinary courts of justice, or of fining him to the amount of 161. 135. 4d. (ταῖς πεντακοσίαις.) * An instance of an εἰσαγγελία in the case of a murder occurs in Demosthenes: καθ' οὓς καιροὺς ἡ εἰσαγγελία ἐδόθη, ἡ εἰς τὴν βουλὴν, ὑπὲρ Αριστάρχου του Μόσχου, ὅτι εἴη Νικόδημον ἀπεκτονώς. Κατὰ Μειδίου. p. 554.-In the case of ill usage of an heiress (Επίκληρος) in Isæus :-οὐκ ἂν εἰσήγγελλες πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα κακοῦ σθαι τὴν ἐπίκληρον ὑπὸ τοῦ εἰσποιήτου οὕτως ὑβριζομένην, καὶ ἄκληρον τῶν αὐτῆς πατρῴων καθισταμένην ; ἄλλως τε καὶ μόνων τούτων τῶν δικῶν ἀκινδύνων τοῖς διώκουσιν οὐσῶν, καὶ ἐξὺν τῷ βουλομένῳ βοηθεῖν ταῖς ἐπικλήροις ; οὔτε γὰρ ἐπιτίμιον ταῖς πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα εἰσαγγελί αις ἔπεστιν, οὐδ ̓ ἐὰν οὐδεμίαν τῶν ψήφων οἱ εἰσαγγείλαντες μεταλάβωσιν. Super Pyrrhi Hered. p. 44. ed. Reiskii. Vol. 1. chap. xxiv. of the private Judgments, Actions, &c.” With respect to the courts in which the different causes were heard, I have already referred to a passage in Demosth. Πρὸς Λάκριτον παραγρ. which throws some light on the subject: to that may be added the following :—ἐνταυθοῖ πόλλ ̓ ἄττα καὶ δεινά μοι ἅμα ἐγκαλεῖ. καὶ γὰρ αἰκίαν, καὶ ὕβριν, καὶ βιαίων, καὶ πρὸς ἐπικλήρους αδικήματα. τούτων δ' εἰσὶν ἑκάστου χωρὶς αἱ δίκαι, καὶ οὔτε πρὸς τὴν αὐτὴν ἀρχὴν, οὔθ' ὑπὲρ τιμημάτων τῶν αὐτῶν. ἀλλ' ἡ μὲν αἰκία, καὶ τὰ τῶν βιαίων, πρὸς τοὺς τετταράκοντα· αἱ δὲ τῆς ὕβρεως πρὸς τοὺς δεσμοθέτας· ὅσα δ' εἰς ἐπικλήρους πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα. De mosth. πρὸς Πανταίνετ. p. 976.ἦσαν γὰρ ἐξ θεσμοθέται, οἱ περὶ εταιρήσεως δικάζοντες. ἦσαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι τρεῖς· εἷς ἐπώνυμος, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς ἐπώνυμος ὠνομάζετο δεύτερος ὁ βασιλεὺς, ὁ τὰ τῶν ὀρφανῶν καὶ ἀσεβειῶν διοικῶν· τρίτος ὁ πολέμαρχος &c. Argum. 2. in Orat. Dem. κατ' Ανδροτίωνος. Vol. I. p. 144.. " Others are of opinion that by ὁ κάτωθεν νόμος, Demosthenes, whose expression it is, meant no more than the lower part of the tablet.- Petitus will have Demosthenes to mean no more by ὁ κάτωθεν νόμος; than the law which beneath, or afterwards in the same oration, is cited by him.” Demosthenes had already recited one law ; ὁ κάτωθεν is the one next to that before recited. This will be plain to any one who considers the whole passage: where Demosthenes, after using the expression ὁ κάτωθεν νόμος, presently substitutes ΤΟΝ ΝΟΜΟΝ ΤΟΝ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΑΥΤΑ, as equivalent to it.In Aristocrat. γ. 629. 1. 18. Vol. 1. p. 162. * If any one hath bribed the Heliæau - Court, or any other court of judicature among the Athenians, or katk called a senate, or entered into conspiracy-&c." In the original {Demosth. κατὰ Στεφ. ψευδομ. Β. p. 1137.) Εάν τις συνίστηται, ἢ συνδικάζῃ τὴν ἡλιαίαν, ἢ τῶν δικαστηρίων τι τῶν ̓Αθήνησιν, ἢ τὴν βουλὴν ἐπὶ δωροδοκία χρήματα διδοὺς ἢ δεχόμενος ο Vol. 1. p. 163. "His evidence shall suffice, that can give his ákon, or what he heard from a person deceased”—” åkoǹv ove ἐῶσιν οἱ νόμοι ζῶντος μαρτυρεῖν ἀλλὰ τεθνεῶτος. Demosth. κατὰ Zrep. B. p. 1130.-Our English laws more wisely reject all evi dence upon hearsay; because such evidence is in reality that of a person unsworn. Vol. 1. p. 167. "Let usurers' interest-money be moderate."The common rate of interest at Athens was twelve per cent. (one drachma monthly for one mina.) Timarchus was so extravagant as to give eighteen per cent. says Eschines, in Timarch. p. 126. Vol. 1. p. 173. "All genuine citizens, whose estates were impaired by litigious suits when Solon entered the Prætorship, shall have permission of leaving their estates to whom they will, &c." This is an unaccountable translation; the original is,-Öσos μὴ ἐπεποίηντο, ὥστε μήτε ἀπειπεῖν μήτ' ἐπιδικάσασθαι, ὅτε Σόλων εἰσήει τὴν ἀρχὴν, τὰ ἑαυτοῦ διάθεσθαι εἶναι ὅπως ἂν ἐθέλῃκ. τ. λ. Demosth. Karà Zrep. vevdou. B. p. 1133. The true explanation may be seen in Reiske's notes. Vol. I. p. 449. "The order of wrestlers was appointed by lots in this manner, &c." See Lucian's Hermotimus. p. 572. A. ed. Salmur. Vol. 11. c. xi. "Of their marriages." For a curious account of the ceremonies in ancient marriages the reader is referred to pages 318, 319, 320. Tom. III. of Sir Henry Saville's edition of St. Chrysostom: where he will find also some just observations on the folly and evil tendency of them. Vol. 11. p. 295. "There is a story of the sophister Hermocrates relating to this custom, that having a woman not very agreeable imposed upon him by Severus the Roman Emperor, and being asked his άvakaλværýρia when she took off her veil, he replied ἐγκαλυπτήρια μὲν οὖν τοιαύτην λαμβάνον, It would be more proper to make her a present to keep her veil on, unless her face was more agreeable."If the true reading be λaußáry, Swow, or some such word is understood: if λaμßávovTI, doréqv. Archbishop Potter takes eykaλværýρia in the sense given it by Cælius Rhodiginus. Vol. II. p. 446. « Τὸ ὁμοτράπεζον, to have eaten at the same table, was esteemed an inviolable obligation to friendship, and aλa καὶ τράπεζαν παραβαίνειν, to transgress the salt and the table, that is, To break the laws of hospitality, and to injure one by whom any person had been entertained, was accounted one of the blackest of crimes. Hence that exaggerating interrogation of Demosthenes, Ποῦ ἅλες; ποῦ τράπεζαι; ταῦτα γὰρ τραγῳδεῖ Tapir. (repür, s.) "Where is the salt? where is the hospitable table? for in despite of these, he has been the author of these troubles." These last words are strangely translated: the passage is in the oration of Demosth. περὶ Παραπρ. p. 400. ταῦτα γὰρ τραγῳδεῖ Tepiwy," For this he goes about exclaiming in an exaggeratory manner," are the words of Demosthenes himself; Tπoũ d' åλes; noũ Tрárea; are those of Eschines, cited by Demosthenes. MISCELLANEA CLASSICA. NO. XII. [Continued from No. XLV. p. 52.] 1.-Metrical lines: Thuc. Iv. 118. εἴτε δικαιότερον τούτων δοκεῖ εἶναι, ἰόντες- ν. 26. οὐ πολλὰς παρενεγκούσας, καὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ χρησμῶν It is possible that some of the metrical lines extracted by the writer from prose authors, may have been, by an oversight, cited twice; if so, the reader will excuse the mistake. II.-Knight, in his Prolegomena to Homer, (xxiii.) speaks of Helen's ignorance of the death of her brothers, (Il. iii.) as an improbable circumstance. It should be recollected, that Helen had been ten years absent from her native country; for Juno, in the Fourth or Eighth Iliad, speaks of herself as having been engaged for ten years in exciting the different nations of Greece to war. While upon the topic of Homer, it may not be amiss, to notice an objection which has been made to the probability of his history, on the ground that the numbers of the Grecian army at Troy, if computed as Thucydides, proposes, by multiplying, the number of vessels by the supposed average number of men, are greater than could by any possibility have been assembled in the actual state of Greece; being, as is alleged, equal or greater than the numbers assembled at Platea, to repel the later invasion of Persia. It may be answered, that, in the latter case, Thebes, with all Boeotia, except Platea, and the populous province of Thessaly, were enlisted in the Persian cause, and that Argos, one of the most powerful states of Greece, remained neutral; and that, notwithstanding this, and perhaps some other trifling deductions which we may not recollect, the balance of numbers was in favor of the army at Platea, when compared with that of Troy. III-A writer in the Quarterly Review, Vol. xii. pp. 84, 85. mentions a translation of the Iliad by Macpherson, the editor of Ossian, executed in a singular metro-prosaic style.-1 remember to have seen a translation of the same poem, written in blank verse, but, by a singular fancy, printed after the manner of prose. It was the one set up in opposition to Pope's, mentioned in Johnson's Life of Broome or Fenton. IV.-The following are instances in Homer, more or less probable, of an adaptation of a name to the character of the individual to whom it is given:--Νιρεὺς ̓Αγλαΐης υἱὸς χαροποιό TavaxTos (on the principle of " Matre pulchra filia pulchrior").. *Οδιος and Εὐρυβάτης (heralds)—υἱὸς Φρονίοιο Νοήμων (Od. iv.) Φήμιος Τερπιάδης (the minstrel Od. xxii. 330. (πολύφημος is used as an epithet to doidos, ib. 376.)—In the eighth book of the Odyssey, the names given to the Phæacians who engage in the race, Ποντεύς, Πρωρεὺς, ̓Αναβησίνεως, &c. alluding to the maritime pursuits of the Phæacian people, may remind us of the ovoμaronoita of Dibdin the song-writer, and his Ben Bowsprits, Tom Tarpawlins, &c. &c. V. We have heard it laid down as a canon, that when the particle que is lengthened at the beginning of the second foot, of a Latin heroic hexameter, the word which succeeds it beginning with a single consonant, (as in Virgil's "Liminaque laurusque dei,") that consonant is uniformly a liquid (as in the above instance). We believe this to be almost uniformly the case, at, least in Virgil, who indulges in these and other liberties more, than any of his successors in the heroic line; one exception, however, (we know not whether it is a solitary one) occurs in the twelfth Æneid: Chloresque, Sybarimque, Daretaque, Thersilochumque-363. Thus also Ovid, in the Fable of Pentheus in the Metamorphoses:Patresque populique VI." Qui rebellantium fuerit furor, vel hinc intelligi potest, quod in usum novæ classis tecta domusque resciderunt, etc.—in tormentorum vincula matronæ crines suos contulerunt." Flor. ii. 25. (he is speaking of the preparations made by the citizens of Carthage for the third Punic war). Compare with this, an anecdote related by a writer in the Quarterly Review, in commemorating the sacrifices made by the Prussian people in 1813, on behalf of their country, when endangered by French aggression. "An anecdote of a Silesian peasant girl deserves to be recorded, as it shows the general feeling which pervaded the country. While her neighbours and family were contributing in different ways to the expenses of the war, she for some time was in the greatest distress at her inability to manifest her pa triotism, as she possessed nothing which she could dispose of for that purpose. At length the idea struck her, that her hair, which was of great beauty, and the pride of her parents, might be of some value, and she accordingly set off one morning privately for Breslau, and disposed of her beautiful tresses for a couple of dollars. The hair-dresser, however, with whom she had negociated the bargain, being touched with the girl's conduct, reserved his purchase for the manufacture of bracelets and other ornaments; and as the story became public, he in the end sold so many, that he was enabled, by this fair maiden's locks alone, to subscribe a hundred dollars to the exigencies of the State." Quarterly Review, Vol. xiii. Art. Gentz on the Fall of Prussia, p. 436, note. VII. We know not whether it has ever been observed, that the Odyssey is divisible into six parts, each containing four books, and embracing a separate series of action: the first comprising the voyage of Telemachus to Pylus and Sparta, with its causes; the second (Pasaxis) the adventures of Ulysses in Phæacia; the third, the history of his wanderings subsequently to the taking of Troy; the fourth, the events in Ithaca previous to his revisiting his city and palace; the fifth, his adventures with the suitors; and the sixth, their slaughter, with its causes and consequences. Perhaps the remark is not worth making; we propose it, however, to those who are interested in the ques tion respecting the composition of the Homeric poems. VIII. Is it a well-founded observation, that among scholars educated at our English Universities, a critical knowledge of Greek is more frequent than a similar acquaintance with Latin? If so, is it to be accounted for by the circumstance, that it is not till the time at which persons generally enter the Universi ties, that the mind acquires such a conformation as to be capable of entering, with any satisfaction, into the minutia of construction and phraseology; combined with the fact, (so far as it is such) that the Latin language is more especially cultivated at our public schools, and the Greek at our Universities? This, to use Hume's phrase, is nothing more than "a doubtful solution of a doubtful doubt." IX.-It happens, not unfrequently, in the poems of Homer, that after a proposition has been stated in a particular line, the next line begins with a qualification, or explanation, or additional description, in the shape of an epithet, adverb, or participle ; |