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AGACLYTUS ('Ayakλwróc), the author of a work about Olympia (Пlepì 'Оhvμñíaç), which is referred to by Suidas and Photius (s. v. Kvpeñidův).

after the edition of Bandurius (Benedictine). It was translated into French by Louis XIII., 8vo, Par., 1612, and by Th. Paynell into English, 12mo, Lond., AGALLIS ('Ayaλλíç), of Corcyra, a female gram- 1550.-IV. An ancient Greek physician, whose marian, who wrote upon Homer. (Athen., 1, p. 14, remedy for the gout is mentioned with approbation d) Some have supposed, from two passages in by Alexander Trallianus (11, p. 303) and Paulus Suidas (s. v. 'Avayah and 'Opxnois), that we Ægineta (3, 78, p. 497; 7, 11, p. 661). He probought to read Anagallis in this passage of Athenæ-ably lived between the third and sixth centuries afus. The scholiast upon Homer and Eustathius (ad ter Christ, or certainly not later, as Alexander TralIl., 18, 491) mention a grammarian of the name of lianus, by whom he is quoted, is supposed to have Agallias, a pupil of Aristophanes the grammarian, flourished about the beginning of the sixth century. also a Corcyræan and a commentator upon Homer, who may be the same as Agallis, or, perhaps, her father.

AGAMEDE (Ayaμýðŋ), I. a daughter of Augeias and wife of Mulius, who, according to Homer (Il., 11, 739), was acquainted with the healing powers of all the plants that grow upon the earth. Hyginus (Fab., 157) makes her the mother of Belus, Actor, and Dictys, by Poseidon.-II. A daughter of Macaria, from whom Agamede, a place in Lesbos, was believed to have derived its name. (Steph. Byz., s. v. 'Αγαμήδη.)

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AGAPIUS ('Ayúπios), an ancient physician of AIexandrea, who taught and practised medicine at Byzantium with great success and reputation, and acquired immense riches. Of his date it can only be determined, that he must have lived before the end of the fifth century after Christ, as Damascius (from whom Photius, Biblioth., cod. 242, and Suidas have taken their account of him) lived about that time.

AGARISTA ('Ayapiorn,) II. the daughter of Cleisthenes, tyrant of Sicyon, whom her father promised to give in marriage to the best of the Greeks. Suiters came to Sicyon from all parts of Greece, and among others Megacles, the son of Alemæon, from Athens. After they had been detained at Sicyon for a whole year, during which time Cleisthenes made trial of them in various ways, he gave Agarista to Alcmæon. From this marriage came the Cleisthenes who divided the Athenians into ten tribes, and Hippocrates. (Herodotus, 6, 126–130. -Compare Athenæus, 6, p 273, b, c; 12, 541, b, c.)

AGAPETUS ('Ayanητóç), I. Metropolitan Bishop of Rhodes, A.D. 457. When the Emperor Leo wrote to him for the opinion of his suffragans and himself on the council of Chalcedon, he defended it against Timotheus Ælurus, in a letter still extant in a Latin translation, Conciliorum Nova Collectio à Mansi, vol. 7, p. 580.-II. St., born at Rome, was archdeacon, and raised to the Holy See, A.D. 535 He was no sooner consecrated than he took off the anathemas pronounced by Pope Boniface II. against his deceased rival Dioscorus on a false charge of AGATHEMERUS, II. CLAUDIUS (Kλaúdios 'Aya0ńμesimony. He received an appeal from the Catholics poc), an ancient Greek physician, who lived in the of Constantinople, when Anthimus, the Monophy-first century after Christ. He was born at Lacedæsite, was made their bishop by Theodora. The fear mon, and was a pupil of the philosopher Cornutus, of an invasion of Italy by Justinian led the Goth in whose house he became acquainted with the poet Theodatus to oblige St. Agapetus to go himself to Persius, about A.D. 50. (Pseudo-Sueton., vita PerConstantinople, in hope that Justinian might be di- sii.) In the old editions of Suetonius he is called verted from his purpose. (Vid. Breviarium S. Libe- Agaternus, a mistake which was first corrected by rati. ap. Mansi, Concilia, vol. 9, p. 695.) As to this Reinesius (Syntagma Inscript. Antiq., p. 610), from last object, he could make no impression on the em- the epitaph upon him and his wife, Myrtale, which peror, but he succeeded in persuading him to depose is preserved in the Marmora Oxoniensia and the Anthimus; and when Mennas was chosen to suc- Greek Anthology, vol. 3, p. 381, § 224, ed. Tauchn. ceed him, Agapetus laid his own hands upon him. The apparent anomaly of a Roman prænomen being The council and the Synodal (interpreted into Greek) given to a Greek, may be accounted for by the fact, sent by Agapetus relating to these affairs may be which we learn from Suetonius (Tiber., 6), that the found ap. Mansi, vol. 8, p. 869, 921. Complaints Spartans were the hereditary clients of the Claudia were sent him from various quarters against the gens. (C. G. Kühn, Additam. ad Elench. Medic. Vet. Monophysite Acephali; but he died suddenly, A.D. a J. A. Fabricio, in " Biblioth. Græca," exhibit.) 536, April 22, and they were read in a council held on 2d May, by Mennas. (Mansi, ibid., p. 874.) There are two letters from St. Agapetus to Justinian in reply to a letter from the emperor, in the latter of which he refuses to acknowledge the Orders of the Arians; and there are two others: 1. To the bishops of Africa, on the same subject; 2. To Reparatus, bishop of Carthage, in answer to a letter of congratulation on his elevation to the pontificate. (Mansi, Concilia, 8, p. 846-850.) - III. Deacon of the Church of St. Sophia, A.D. 527. There are two other Agapeti mentioned in a couneil held by Mennas at this time at Constantinople, who were archimandrites, or abbots. Agapetus was tutor to Justinian, and, on the accession of the latter to the empire, addressed to him Admonitions on the duty of a Prince, in 72 sections, the initial letters of which form the dedication (ĚKOƐσiç KEOahaiwv TapaιVETIKŵv oɣediaobεtoa). The repute in which this work was held appears from its common title, viz., the Royal Sections (oxen Bacihiká). It was published, with a Latin version, by Zach. Callierg., 8vo, Ven., 1509, afterward by J. Brunon, 8vo, Lips., 1669; Gröbel, 8vo, Lips., 1733, and in Gallandi's Bibliotheca, vol. 11, p. 255, &c., Ven., 1676,

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AGATHINUS ('Ayúðivoç), an eminent ancient Greek physician, the founder of a new medical sect, to which he gave the name of Episynthetici. (Dict. of Ant., s. v. EPISYNTHETICI.) He was born at Sparta, and must have lived in the first century after Christ, as he was the pupil of Athenæus, and the tutor of Archigenes. (Galen, Definit. Med., c. 14, vol. 19, p. 353-Suidas, s. v. 'Apxiyévns.-Eudoc., Violar., ap. Villoison, Anecd. Gr., vol. 1, p. 65.) He is said to have been once seized with an attack of delirium, brought on by want of sleep, from which he was delivered by his pupil Archigenes, who ordered his head to be fomented with a great quantity of warm oil. (Aëtius, tetr. 1, serm. 3, 172, p. 156.) He is frequently quoted by Galen, who mentions him among the Pneumatici. (De Dignosc. Puls., 1, 3, vol. 8, p. 787.) None of his writings are now extant, but a few fragments are contained in Matthæi's Collection, entitled XXI. Veterum et Clarorum Medicorum Græcorum Varia Opuscula, Mosque, 1808, 4to. See, also, Palladius, Comment. in Hippocr., " De Morb. Popul., lib. 6," ap. Dietz, Scholia in Hippocr. et Galen., vol. 2, p. 56. The particular opinions of his sect are not exactly known, but they were probably nearly the same as those of the Eclectici. (Dict. of Ant., s. v.

ECLECTICI. Vid. J. C. Osterhausen, Histor. Sectą | Twσe (Agathodæmon of Alexandrea delineated the Pneumatic. Med., Altorf., 1791, 8vo.-C. G. Kühn, whole inhabited world according to the eight books Additam. ad Elench Medic. Vet. a J. A. Fabricio, in on Geography of Cl. Ptolemaeus). The Vienna MS. "Biblioth. Graeca," exhibit.) of Ptolemy is one of the most beautiful extant. The AGATHOCLEA ('Aуałóкhɛια), a mistress of the prof-maps attached to it, 27 in number, comprising 1 genligate Ptolemy Philopator, king of Egypt, and sis-eral map, 10 maps of Europe, 4 of Africa, and 12 of ter of his no less profligate minister Agathocles. Asia, are coloured, the water being green, the mountShe and her brother, who both exercised the most ains red or dark yellow, and the land white. The unbounded influence over the king, were introduced climates, parallels, and the hours of the longest day, to him by their ambitious and avaricious mother, are marked on the east margin of the maps, and the Enanthe. After Ptolemy had put to death his wife meridians on the north and south. We have no and sister Eurydice, Agathoclea became his fa- evidence as to when Agathodæmon lived, as the vourite. On the death of Ptolemy (B.C. 205), Agath- only notice preserved respecting him is that quoted oclea and her friends kept the event secret, that above. There was a grammarian of the same name, they might have an opportunity of plundering the to whom some extant letters of Isidore of Pelusium royal treasury. They also formed a conspiracy for are addressed. Some have thought him to be the setting Agathocles on the throne. He managed for Agathodæmon in question. Heeren, however, consome time, in conjunction with Sosibius, to act as siders the delineator of the maps to have been a conguardian to the young king Ptolemy Epiphanes. At temporary of Ptolemy, who (8, 1, 2) mentions certain last, the Egyptians and the Macedonians of Alexan- maps or tables, (πívakes), which agree in number drea, exasperated at his outrages, rose against him, and arrangement with those of Agathodæmon in the and Tlepolemus placed himself at their head. They MSS. surrounded the palace in the night, and forced their way in. Agathocles and his sister implored in the most abject manner that their lives might be spared, but in vain. The former was killed by his friends, that he might not be exposed to a more cruel fate. Agathoclea, with her sisters, and Enanthe, who had taken refuge in a temple, were dragged forth, and in a state of nakedness exposed to the fury of the multitude, who literally tore them limb from limb. All their relatives, and those who had any share in the murder of Eurydice, were likewise put to death. (Polyb., 5, 63; 14, 11; 15, 25-34.—Justin., 30, 1, 2-Athen., 6, p. 251; 13, p. 576.-Plut., Cleom., 33.) There was another Agathoclea, the daughter of a man named Aristomenes, who was by birth an Acarnanian, and rose to great power in Egypt. (Polyb., l. c.)

Various errors having, in the course of time, crept into the copies of the maps of Agathodæmon, Nicolaus Donis, a Benedictine monk, who flourished about A.D. 1470, restored and corrected them, substituting Latin for Greek names. His maps are appended to the Ebnerian MS. of Ptolemy. They are the same in number and nearly the same in order with those of Agathodæmon. (Heeren, Commentatio de Fontibus Geograph. Ptolemæi Tabularumque iis annexarum.-Raidel, Commentatio critico-literaria de Cl. Ptolemai Geographia ejusque codicibus, p. 7.)

AGATHON ('Ayúlov), II. the son of the Macedonian Philotas, and the brother of Parmenion and Asander, was given as a hostage to Antigonus, in B.C. 313, by his brother Asander, who was satrap of Caria, but was taken back again by Asander in a few days. (Diod., 19, 75.) Agathon had a son named AGATHOCLES ('Aуaðокλñç), VI. a Greek historian, Asander, who is mentioned in a Greek inscription. who wrote the history of Cyzicus (Teрì Kvikov). He (Böckh, Corp. Inscrip., 105.)-III. Of Samos, who is called by Athenæus both a Babylonian (1, p. 30, wrote a work upon Scythia and another upon Rivers. a; 9, p. 375, a) and a Cyzican (14, p. 649, f). He (Plutarch, De Fluv., p. 1156, e, 1159, a.-Stobaus, may originally have come from Babylon, and have Serm., tit. 100, 10, ed. Gaisford.) settled at Cyzicus. The first and third books are AGATHOTYCHUS ('Ayalóruɣoç), an ancient veterireferred to by Athenæus (9, p. 375, f; 12, p. 515, nary surgeon, whose date and history are unknown, a). The time at which Agathocles lived is un- but who probably lived in the fourth or fifth century known, and his work is now lost; but it seems to after Christ. Some fragments of his writings are have been extensively read in antiquity, as it is re-to be found in the collection of works on this subferred to by Cicero (De Div., 1, 24), Pliny (Hist Nat.,ject first published in a Latin translation by Jo. Elenchus of books 4, 5, 6), and other ancient wri-Ruellius, Veterinaria Medicina Libri duo, Paris, ters. Agathocles also spoke of the origin of Rome. 1530, fol, and afterward in Greek by Grynæus, (Festus, s. v. Romam.-Solinus, Polyh., 1.) The Basil., 1537, 4to. scholiast on Apollonius (4, 761) cites Memoirs (úñо- AGRAULOS, II. a daughter of Cecrops and Agrauuviuara) by an Agathocles, who is usually supposed los, and mother of Alcippe by Mars. This Agrauto be the same as the above-mentioned one. (Com-los is an important personage in the stories of Atpare Schol. ad Hes., Theog., 485.-Steph. Byz., s. v. Βέσβιος.—Εtymol. Μ., s. v. Δίκτη.)

There are several other writers of the same name. I. Agathocles of Atrax, who wrote a work on Fishing (ALEVTIKά: Suidas, s. v. Kɩkíλios).—II. Of Chios, who wrote a work on Agriculture. (Varro and Colum., De Re Rust., 1, 1.-Plin., H. N., 22, 44)--III. Of Miletus, who wrote a work on Rivers. (Plut., De Fluv., p. 1153, c.)-IV. Of Samos, who wrote a work on the Constitution of Pessinus. (Plut, ibid., p. 1159, a.)

tica, and there were three different legends about her. 1. According to Pausanias (1, 18, § 2) and Hyginus (Fab., 166), Athena gave to her and her sisters Erichthonius in a chest, with the express command not to open it. But Agraulos and Herse could not control their curiosity, and opened it; whereupon they were seized with madness at the sight of Erichthonius, and threw themselves from the steep rock of the Acropolis, or, according to Hyginus, into the sea. 2. According to Ovid (Met., 2, 710, &c), Agraulos and her sister survived their opening the chest, and the former, who had instigated her sister to open it, was punished in this manner. Hermes came to Athens during the cel

AGATHODÆMON ('Aya@odaíμwv), III a native of Alexandrea. All that is known of him is, that he was the designer of some maps to accompany Ptolemy's Geography. Copies of these maps are found ap-ebration of the Panathenæa, and fell in love with pended to several MSS. of Ptolemy. One of these Herse. Athena made Agraulos so jealous of her is at Vienna, another at Venice. At the end of sister, that she even attempted to prevent the god each of these MSS. is the following notice: 'EK TOV entering the house of Herse. But, indignant at Κλαυδίου Πτολεμαίου Γεωγραφικῶν βιβλίων όκτω την such presumption, he changed Agraulos into a οἰκουμένην πᾶσαν ̓Αγαθοδαίμων ̓Αλεξανδρεὺς ὑπετύ- Istone. 3. The third legend represents Agraulos in

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a totally different light. Athens was at one time involved in a long-protracted war, and an oracle declared that it would cease if some one would sacritice himself for the good of his country. Agraulos came forward and threw herself down the Acropolis. The Athenians, in gratitude for this, built her a temple on the Acropolis, in which it subsequently became customary for the young Athenians, on receiving their first suit of armour, to take an oath that they would always defend their country to the last. (Suid. and Hesych, s. v. "Aypavλoç.—Ulpian, ad Demosth., De fals. leg.-Herod., 8, 53.—Plut., Al-ed the senate in compelling his colleagues to resign, cib., 15. Philochorus, Fragm., p. 18, ed. Siebelis.) One of the Attic duo (Agraule) derived its name from this heroine, and a festival and mysteries were celebrated at Athens in honour of her. (Steph. Byzant., s. v. 'Aypavλý.-Lobeck, Aglaoph., p. 89.Dict. of Ant., s. v. Agraulia) According to Porphyry (De Abstin. ab animal., 1, 2), she was also worship-in his favour, as one of those whose lives he had ped in Cyprus, where human sacrifices were offered to her down to a very late time.

and thus was sprung from two tyrannicides. (Comp. Cic. ad Att., 13, 40.)-III. C. SERVILIUS Q. F. C. N. STRUCTUS, consul B.C. 427. (Liv., 4, 30.)—IV. C. SERVILIUS P. F. Q. N. STRUCTUS, Consular tribune B.C. 408, and magister equitum in the same year; which latter dignity he obtained in consequence of supporting the senate against his colleagues, who did not wish a dictator to be appointed. For the same reason, he was elected consular tribune a second time in the following year, 407. He was a consular tribune a third time in 402, when he assistwho had been defeated by the enemy. (Liv., 4, 56, 57; 5, 8, 9.)-V. C. SERVILIUS, magister equitum B.C. 389, when Camillus was appointed dictator a third time. (Liv., 6, 2.) Ahala is spoken of as magister equitum in 385, on occasion of the trial of Manlius. Manlius summoned him to bear witness saved in battle, but Ahala did not appear. (4, 20.) Pliny, who mentions this circumstance, calls Ahala AGYRRHIUS ('Ayúppios), a native of Collytus in P. Servilius. (H. N., 7, 39.)-VI. Q. SERVILIUS Attica, whom Andocides ironically calls ròv kakov Q. F. Q. N., consul B.C. 365, and again B.C. 362, in Kayalóv (De Myst., p. 65, ed. Reiske), after being the latter of which years he appointed Ap. Claudius in prison many years for embezzlement of public dictator, after his plebeian colleague L. Genucius money, obtained, about B.C. 395, the restoration of had been slain in battle. In 360 he was himself apthe Theoricon, and also tripled the pay for attend-pointed dictator in consequence of a Gallic tumultus, ing the assembly, though he reduced the allowance and defeated the Gauls near the Colline Gate. He previously given to the comic writers. (Harpocrat., held the comitia as interrex in 355. (Liv., 7, 1, 4, s. v. Oεwрika, 'Ayúppios.—Suidas, s. v. Èkkλŋolaori- 6, 11, 17.)-VII. Q. SERVILIUS Q. F. Q. N., magister Kóv.-Schol ad Aristoph., Eccl., 102.-Dem., c. Ti-equitum B.C. 351, when M. Fabius was appointed mocr., p. 742.) By this expenditure of the public dictator to frustrate the Licinian law, and consul revenue Agyrrhius became so popular, that he was B.C. 342, at the beginning of the first Samnite war. appointed general in B.C. 389. (Xen., Hell., 4, 8. He remained in the city; his colleague had the § 31.-Diod., 14, 99.-Böckh, Publ. Econ. of Athens, charge of the war. (Liv., 7, 22, 38.) p. 223, 224, 316, &c., 2d ed., Engl. transl. - Schömann, De Comitiis, p. 65, &c.)

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AHENOBARBUS, I. CN. DOMITIUS L. F. L. N., plebeian ædile B.C. 196, prosecuted, in conjunction AHALA, the name of a patrician family of the with his colleague C. Curio, many pecuarii, and Servilia gens. There were also several persons of with the fines raised therefrom built a temple of this gens with the name of Structus Ahala, who Faunus in the island of the Tiber, which he dedimay have formed a different family from the Aha-cated in his prætorship, B.C. 194. (Liv., 33, 42; læ; but as the Ahalæ and Structi Ahala are fre- 34, 42, 43, 53.) He was consul in 192, and was quently confounded, all the persons of these names sent against the Boii, who submitted to him; are given here.-I. C. SERVILIUS STRUCTUS, Consul but he remained in their country till the following B.C. 478, died in his year of office, as appears from year, when he was succeeded by the Consul Scipio the Fasti. (Liv., 2, 49.)-II. C. SERVILIUS STRUCTUs, Nasica. (Liv., 35, 10, 20, 22, 40; 36, 37.) In 190, magister equitum B.C. 439, when L. Cincinnatus he was legate of the Consul L. Scipio, in the war was appointed dictator on the pretence that Sp. against Antiochus the Great. (Liv., 37, 39.-Plut., Mælius was plotting against the state. In the night Apophth. Rom. Cn. Domit.) In his consulship one in which the dictator was appointed, the Capitol and of his oxen is said to have uttered the warning all the strong posts were garrisoned by the parti- Roma, cave tibi." (Liv., 35, 21.-Val. Max., 1, 6, sans of the patricians. In the morning, when the 5, who falsely says, Bello Punico secundo.)—II. people assembled in the forum, and Sp. Mælius CN. DOMITIUS Cn. F. L. N., son of the preceding, among them, Ahala summoned the latter to appear was chosen pontifex in B.C. 172, when a young before the dictator; and upon Mælius disobeying man (Livy, 42, 28), and in 169 was sent with and taking refuge in the crowd, Ahala rushed into two others as commissioner into Macedonia (44, the throng and killed him. (Liv., 4, 13, 14.-Zona- 18). In 167 he was one of the ten commissionras, 7, 20. — Dionys., Exe. Mai, 1, p. 3.) This act ers for arranging the affairs of Macedonia in conis mentioned by later writers as an example of an-junction with Emilius Paullus (45, 17); and when cient heroism, and is frequently referred to by Cicero in terms of the highest admiration (in Catil., 1, 1; Pro Mil., 3; Cato, 16); but it was, in reality, a case of murder, and was so regarded at the time. Ahala was brought to trial, and only escaped condemnation by a voluntary exile. (Val. Max., 5, 3, §2.-Cic., De Rep., 1,3; Pro Dom., 32.) Livy pass es over this, and only mentions (4, 21) that a bill was brought in three years afterward, B.C. 436, by another Sp. Mælius, a tribune, for confiscating the property of Ahala, but that it failed.

A representation of Ahala is given on a coin of M. Brutus, the murderer of Cæsar, but we cannot suppose it to be anything more than an imaginary likeness. M. Brutus pretended that he was descended from L. Brutus, the first consul, on his father's side, and from C. Ahala on his mother's,

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the consuls of 162 abdicated on account of some fault in the auspices in their election, he and Cornelius Lentulus were chosen consuls in their stead. (Cic, De Nat. Deor., 2, 4; De Div., 2, 35.— Val. Max., 1, 1, § 3.)-III. CN. DOMITIUS CN. F. CN. N., son of the preceding, was sent in his consulship, B.C. 122, against the Allobroges in Gaul, because they had received Teutomalius, the king of the Sal luvii and the enemy of the Romans, and had laid waste the territory of the Ædui, the friends of the Romans. In 121 he conquered the Allobroges and their ally Vituitus, king of the Arverni, near Vindalium, at the confluence of the Sulga and the Rhodanus; and he gained the battle mainly through the terror caused by his elephants. He commemorated his victory by the erection of trophies, and went in procession through the province, carried by

Ahenobarbus was prætor in B.C. 58, and proposed an investigation into the validity of the Julian laws of the preceding year, but the senate dared not entertain his propositions. He was candidate for the consulship of 55, and threatened that he would, in his consulship, carry into execution the measures he had proposed in his prætorship, and deprive Cæsar of his province. He was defeated, however, by Pompey and Crassus, who also became candidates, and was driven from the Campus Martius, on the day of election, by force of arms. He became a candidate again in the following year, and Cæsar and Pompey, whose power was firmly established, did not oppose him. He was, accordingly, elected consul for 54 with Ap. Claudius Pulcher, a relative of Pompey, but was not able to effect anything against Cæsar and Pompey. He did not go to a province at the expiration of his consulship; and as the friendship between Cæsar and Pompey cooled, he became closely allied with the latter. In B.C. 52, he was chosen by Pompey to preside, as quæsitor, in the court for the trial of Clodius. For the next two or three years, during Cicero's absence in Cilicia, our information about Ahenobarbus is principally derived from the letters of his enemy Coelius to Cicero. In B.C. 50, he was a candidate for the place in the college of augurs, vacant by the death of Hortensius, but was defeated by Antony through the influence of Cæsar.

an elephant. He triumphed in 120. (Liv., Epit., | had done so. (Dion Cass., 37, 46.-- Plin., H. N., 8, 61. Florus, 3, 2. — Strab., 4, p. 191. — Cic., Pro 54: this pause in the games was called diludium, Font., 12; Brut., 26.-Vellei., 2, 10, 39.-Oros., 5, Hor., Ep., 1, 19, 47.) He married Porcia, the sis13.-Suet, Ner., 2, who confounds him with hister of M. Cato, and in his ædileship supported the son.) He was censor in 115 with Cæcilius Metel- latter in his proposals against bribery at elections, lus, and expelled twenty-two persons from the sen- which were directed against Pompey, who was purate. (Liv., Epit., 62.-Cic., Pro Cluent., 42.) He chasing votes for Afranius. The political opinions was also pontifex. (Suet., l. c.) The Via Domitia of Ahenobarbus coincided with those of Cato; he in Gaul was made by him. (Cic., Pro Font., 8.)- was, throughout his life, one of the strongest supIV. CN. DOMITIUS CN. F. CN. N., son of the prece-porters of the aristocratical party. He took an acding, was tribune of the plebs B.C. 104, in the sec- tive part in opposing the measures of Cæsar and ond consulship of Marius. (Ascon, in Cornel., p. Pompey after their coalition, and in 59 was accused 81, ed. Orelli.) When the college of pontiffs did by Vettius, at the instigation of Cæsar, of being an not elect him in place of his father, he brought for- accomplice to the pretended conspiracy against the. ward the law (Lex Domitia), by which the right of life of Pompey. election was transferred from the priestly colleges to the people. (Dict. of Ant., p. 790, b; 791, a.) The people afterward elected him Pontifex Maximus out of gratitude. (Liv., Epit., 67.-Cic., Pro Deiot., 11.-Val. Max, 6, 5, § 5.) He prosecuted, in his tribunate and afterward, several of his private enemies, as Æmilius Scaurus and Junius Silanus. (Val. Max., l. c.-Dion Cass., Fr., 100.-Cic., Div. in Cæcil, 20; Verr., 2, 47; Cornel., 2; Pro Scaur., 1.) He was consul B.C. 96 with C. Cassius, and censor B.C. 92 with Licinius Crassus, the orator. In his censorship he and his colleague shut up the schools of the Latin rhetoricians (Cic., De Orat., 3, 24. Gell., 15, 11), but this was the only thing in which they acted in concert. Their censorship was long celebrated for their disputes. Domitius was of a violent temper, and was, moreover, in favour of the ancient simplicity of living, while Crassus loved luxury and encouraged art. Among the many sayings recorded of both, we are told that Crassus observed, "that it was no wonder that a man had a beard of brass, who had a mouth of iron and a heart of lead." (Plin., H. N., 18, 1.-Suet., 1. c. -Val. Max., 9, 1, § 4.- Macrob., Sat, 2, 11.) Cicero says that Domitius was not to be reckoned among the orators, but that he spoke well enough, and had sufficient talent to maintain his high rank. (Cic., Brut., 44.)-V. L. DOMITIUS CN. F. CN. N., son of No. III. and brother of No. IV., was prætor in Sicily, probably in B.C. 96, shortly after the Servile war, when slaves had been forbidden to carry arms. He ordered a slave to be crucified for killing a wild boar with a hunting-spear. (Cic., Verr., 5, 3.-Val. Max., 6, 3, § 5.) He was consul in 94. In the civil war between Marius and Sulla, he espoused the side of the latter, and was murdered at Rome, by order of the younger Marius, by the prætor Damasippus. (Appian, B. C., 1, 88.-Vellei., 2, 26.-Oros., 5, 20.-VI. CN. DOMITIUS CN. F. CN. N., apparently a son of No. IV., married Cornelia, daughter of L. Cornelius Cinna, consul in B.C. 87, and in the civil war between Marius and Sulla espoused the side of the former. When Sulla obtained the supreme power in 82, Ahenobarbus was proscribed, and fled to Africa, where he was joined by many who were in the same condition as himself. With 'the assistance of the Numidian king, Hiarbas, he collected an army, but was defeated near Utica by Cn. Pompeius, whom Sulla had sent against him, and was afterward killed in the storming of his camp, B.C. 81. According to some accounts, he was killed after the battle by command of Pompey. (Liv., Epit., 89.—Plut., Pomp., 10, 12.-Zonaras, 10, 2.- Pros., 5, 21.-Val. Max., 6, 2, ◊ 8.)—VII. L. DOMITIUS CN. F. CN. N., son of No. IV., is first mentioned in B.C. 70 by Cicero, as a witness against Verres. In 61 he was curule ædile, when he exhibited a hundred Numidian lions, and continued the games so long, that the people were obliged to leave the circus before the exhibition was over in order to take food, which was the first time they

The senate appointed him to succeed Cæsar in the province of farther Gaul, and on the march of the latter into Italy (49), he was the only one of the aristocratical party who showed any energy or courage. He threw himself into Cortinium with about twenty cohorts, expecting to be supported by Pompey; but as the latter did nothing to assist him, he was compelled by his own troops to surrender to Cæsar. His own soldiers were incorporated into Cæsar's army, but Ahenobarbus was dismissed by Cæsar uninjured: an act of clemency which he did not expect, and which he would certainly not have showed if he had been the conqueror. Despairing of life, he had ordered his physician to administer to him poison, but the latter gave him only a sleeping draught. Ahenobarbus's feelings against Cæsar remained unaltered, but he was too deeply offended by the conduct of Pompey to join him immediately. He retired for a short time to Cosa in Etruria, and afterward sailed to Massilia, of which the inhabitants appointed him governor. He prosecuted the war vigorously against Cæsar; but the town was eventually taken, and Ahenobarbus escaped in a vessel, which was the only one that got off.

Ahenobarbus now went to Pompey in Thessaly, and proposed that after the war all senators should be brought to trial who had remained neutral in it. Cicero, whom he branded as a coward, was not a little afraid of him. He fell in the battle of Pharsalia (48), where he commanded the left wing, and, according to Cicero's assertion in the second Philip pic, by the hand of Antony. Ahenobarbus was a

man of great energy of character; he remained firm | sius, 54, 59. - Velleius, 2, 72.)-X. Cx. DOMITIUS to his political principles, but was little scrupulous L. F. CN. N., son of the preceding, and father of in the means he employed to maintain them. (The the Emperor Nero. He married Agrippina, the passages of Cicero in which Ahenobarbus is men- daughter of Germanicus. He was consul A.D. 32, tioned are given in Orelli's Onomasticon Tullianum. and afterward proconsul in Sicily. He died at -Suetonius, Ner., 2.-Dion Cassius, lib. 39, 41. Pyrgi, in Etruria, of dropsy. His life was stained -Cæsar, Bell. Civ.)-VIII. CN. DOMITIUS L. F. with crimes of every kind. He was accused, as CN. N., son of the preceding, was taken with his the accomplice of Albucilla, of the crimes of adulfather at Corfinium (B.C. 49), and was present at tery and murder, and also of incest with his sister the battle of Pharsalia (48), but did not take any Domitia Lepida, and only escaped execution by the farther part in the war. He did not, however, return death of Tiberius. When congratulated on the to Italy till 46, when he was pardoned by Cæsar. birth of his son, afterward Nero, he replied that He probably had no share in the murder of Cæsar whatever was sprung from him and Agrippina (44), though some writers expressly assert that he could only bring ruin to the state. (Suetonius, Newas one of the conspirators; but he followed Bru- ro, 5, 6.-Tacitus, Ann., 4, 75; 6, 1, 47; 12, 64. tus into Macedonia after Cæsar's death, and was -Velleius, 2, 72.-Dion Cassius, 58, 17.)-XI. CN. condemned by the Lex Pedia, in 43, as one of the DOMITIUS, prætor in the year B.C. 54, presided at murderers of Cæsar. In 42 he commanded a fleet the second trial of M. Cœlius. (Cicero, ad Quin. of fifty ships in the Ionian Sea, and completely de- Fr., 2, 13.) He may have been the son of No. V.— feated Domitius Calvinus on the day of the first XII. L. DOMITIUS, prætor B.C. 80, commanded the battle of Philippi, as the latter attempted to sail out province of nearer Spain, with the title of proconof Brundisium. He was saluted imperator in con- sul. In 79, he was summoned into farther Spain sequence, and a record of this victory is preserved by Q. Metellus Pius, who was in want of assistance in a coin, which represents a trophy placed upon the against Sertorius, but he was defeated and killed by prow of a vessel. The head on the other side of Hirtuleius, quæstor of Sertorius, near the Anas the coin has a beard, in reference to the reputed (Plut., Sert., 12.-Liv., Epit., 90.-Eutrop., 6, 1. origin of the family. Florus, 3, 22.-Oros., 5, 23.)

After the battle of Philippi (42), Ahenobarbus conducted the war independently of Sex. Pompeius, and with a fleet of seventy ships and two legions plundered the coasts of the Ionian Sea.

ALALCOMĚNIA ('Aλаλкoμɛvía), one of the daughters of Ogyges, who, as well as her two sisters, Thelxionoa and Aulis, were regarded as supernatural beings, who watched over oaths and saw that they In 40, Ahenobarbus became reconciled to Antony, were not taken rashly or thoughtlessly. Their which gave great offence to Octavianus, and was name was Пpağıdikaι, and they had a temple in placed over Bithynia by Antony. In the peace con- common at the foot of the Telphusian Mount in cluded with Sex. Pompeius in 39, Antony provided Boeotia. The representations of these divinities for the safety of Ahenobarbus, and obtained for him consisted of mere heads, and no parts of animals the promise of the consulship for 32. Ahenobarbus were sacrificed to them except heads. (Paus..? remained a considerable time in Asia, and accom- 33, § 2, 4.-Panyasis, ap. Steph. Byz., s. v. Тpεulan. panied Antony in his unfortunate campaign against-Suid., s. v. Пpağıdikη.—Müller, Orchom., p. 128, the Parthians in 36. He became consul, according &c.) to agreement, in 32, in which year the open rupture ALBINOVĀNUS, III. P. TULLIUS, belonged to the party took place between Antony and Augustus. Aheno- of Marius in the first civil war, and was one of the barbus fled from Rome to Antony at Ephesus, where twelve who were declared enemies of the state in he found Cleopatra with him, and endeavoured, in B.C. 87. He thereupon fled to Hiempsal in Nuvain, to obtain her removal from the army. Many midia. After the defeat of Carbo and Norbanus in of the soldiers, disgusted with the conduct of An- B.C. 81, he obtained the pardon of Sulla by treachtony, offered the command to him; but he preferred erously putting to death many of the principal offideserting the party altogether, and accordingly went cers of Norbanus, whom he had invited to a banover to Augustus, shortly before the battle of Acti- quet. Ariminium, in consequence, revolted to Sulla, um. He was not, however, present at the battle, whence the Pseudo-Asconius (in Cic., Verr., p. 168, as he died a few days after joining Augustus. Sue-ed. Orelli) speaks of Albinovanus betraying it. (Aptonius says that he was the best of his family. (Cic., Phil., 2, 11; 10, 6; Brut., 25; ad Fam., 6, 22.Appian, B. C., 5, 55, 63, 65.-Plut., Anton., 70, 71. -Dion Cassius, lib. 47, 1.-Velleius, 2, 76, 84.Suetonius, Ner., 3.-Tacitus, Ann., 4, 44.)—IX. L. DOMITIUS CN. F. L. N., son of the preceding, was betrothed in B.C. 39, at the meeting of Octavianus and Antony at Tarentum, to Antonia, the daughter of the latter by Octavia. He was ædile in B.C. 22, and consul in B.C. 16. After his consulship, and probably as the successor of Tiberius, he command-tator B.C. 498, when he conquered the Latins in ed the Roman army in Germany, crossed the Elbe, the great battle near Lake Regillus. Roman story and penetrated farther into the country than any of related that Castor and Pollux were seen fighting in his predecessors had done. He received, in conse- this battle on the side of the Romans, whence the quence, the insignia of a triumph. He died A.D. 25. dictator afterward dedicated a temple to Castor and Suetonius describes him as haughty, prodigal, and Pollux in the forum. He was consul B.C. 496, in cruel, and relates that in his ædileship he com- which year some of the annals, according to Livy, manded the censor L. Plancus to make way for placed the battle of the Lake Regillus ; and it is to him; and that in his prætorship and consulship he this year that Dionysius assigns it. (Liv., 2, 19, 20, brought Roman knights and matrons on the stage. 21.-Dionys., 6, 2, &c.-Val. Max, 1, 8, ◊ 1.--Cic., He exhibited shows of wild beasts in every quarter De Nat. Deor., 2, 2; 3, 5.) The surname Regillensis of the city, and his gladiatorial combats were con- is usually supposed to have been derived from this ducted with so much bloodshed, that Augustus was battle; but Niebuhr thinks that it was taken from a obliged to put some restraint upon them. (Su-place of residence, just as the Claudii bore the same etonius, Ner., 4.-Tacitus, Ann., 4, 44.-Dion Cas- name, and that the later annalists only spoke of

pian, B. C., 1, 60, 62, 91.—-Florus, 3, 21, § 7.)

ALBINUS OF ALBUS, the name of the principal family of the patrician Postumia gens. The original name was Albus, as appears from the Fasti, which was afterward lengthened into Albinus. We find, in proper names in Latin, derivatives in anus, enus, and inus, used, without any additional meaning, in the same sense as the simple forms. (Comp. Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, 1, n, 219.)-I. A. POSTUMIUS P. F. ALBUS REGILLENSIS, was, according to Livy, dic

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