MYN Phrygia, either from a branch of the Mygdones having | below the Sinus Iassius. It was founded by a colo MYGDONUS OF MYGDON, I. an ancient monarch of the Mygdones. (Pausan., 10, 27.-Vid. Mygdonus II)-II. A brother of Hecuba, Priam's wife, who reigned in part of Thrace. His son Corcbus was (Virg., Eneid, 2, called Mygdonides from him. 341.) MYLASA (orum), a city of Caria, situate to the southwest of Stratonicea, and a short distance to the north of the harbour Physcus. It was of Grecian origin, and was founded at a very early period, but by whom is uncertain. Here, at one time, resided Hecatomnus, the progenitor of Mausolus. (Strabo, 659.) Mylasa, as Strabo reports, was situate in a fertile plain, and at the foot of a mountain containing veins of a beautiful white marble. This was of great advantage to the city for the construction of public and other buildings; and the inhabitants were not slow in availing themselves of it; few cities, as Strabo remarks, being so sumptuously embellished with handsome porticoes and stately temples. (Strabo, 659.) It was particularly famous, however, for a very ancient temple of the Carian Jove, and for another, of nearly equal antiquity, In after times a very beausacred to Jupiter Osogus. tiful temple was erected here, dedicated to Augustus and to Rome. Mylasa suffered severely in the inroad of Labienus, during the contest between Antony and Augustus, but was subsequently restored. (Dio Cass., 48, 26.) Pococke saw the temple to Augustus nearly entire, but it has since been destroyed, and the materials have been used for building a mosque. (Pococke, vol. 2, pt. 2, c. 6.-Compare Chandler, Asia Minor, c. 56.) Mylasa is now Melasso, and is at the present day remarkable for producing the best tobacco in Turkey. Mannert, however, thinks that Mylasa must be sought for in the vicinity of the modern Mulla, while Reichard (Thes. Top. Noremb., 1824) is in favour of Myllesch-As regards the ancient name of this city, it may be remarked that the older Greek wriwith the exception, perhaps, of Polybius (de Virt., &c., 1. 16, ad fin.), give Muhacoa (Mylassa); while Pliny, Pausanias, Stephanus of Byzantium, Hierocles, and others, have Mylasa (Múλaca), and with this latter form the coins that have been discovered appear to agree. (Mannert, Geogr., vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 281.) ters, MYLE or MYLE, now Milazzo, was situate on a tongue of land southwest of Pelorum, on the northern coast of Sicily. Between this place and a station called Naulochus, the fleet of Sextus Pompeius was defeated by that of the triumvir Octavius, under the command of Agrippa. (Thucyd., 3, 90.-Plin., 3, 8. -Vell. Paterc., 2, 79.) Reichard makes Myla answer to the modern Melilli. (Thes. ; tab. Sic.) ans. MYLITTA, a surname of Venus among the Assyri- MYNDUS, a maritime town of Caria, northwest of ny from Trazene (Pausan., 2, 30), and appears to MYONNESUS, I. a town of Asia Minor, between MYOS HORMOS or "Mouse's Harbour," a seaport of Egypt, on the coast of the Red Sea. Arrian says that it was one of the most celebrated ports on this It was chosen by Ptolemy Philadelphus for the sea. convenience of commerce, in preference to Arsinoë (or Suez), on account of the difficulty of navigating the western extremity of the gulf. It was called also Aphrodites portus, or the port of Venus. It is full of little isles, and its modern name of Suffange-el-Bahri, or "the sponge of the sea," has an evident analogy to the etymology of the second of the Greek names given above, from the vulgar error of sponge being the foam of the sea, and Venus (Aphrodite) having been fabled to have sprung from the foam of the ocean. (From suffange our English term is s'funge, s'phunge, spunge.) The situation of Myos Hormos is determined by three islands, which Agatharchides mentions, known to modern navigators by the name of the Jaffeteens, and its latitude is fixed, with little fluctuation, in 27° 0' 0", by D'Anville, Bruce, and De la Rochette. (Vincent, Periplus, p. 78.) The entrance is said to be very crooked and winding, on account of the islands lying in front; and hence, perhaps, may have arisen the ancient appellation, the harbour being compared to a mouse's hole. (Bruce, vol. 7, p. 314, 8vo ed.) MYRA (orum or a), a town of Lycia, near the southern coast, southwest of Limyra and west of the Sacrum Promontorium. It was situate on the brow of a lofty hill, at the distance of twenty stadia from the (Strabo, 664.) According to Artemidorus shore. (ap. Strab., l. c.), it was one of the six most important cities of the country. The Emperor Theodosius II. made it finally the capital of the province of Lycia (Malala, 14.-Hicrocles, p. 684), as it was about this period the most distinguished city in the land. (Basil, Seleuc., Vit. S. Thecla, 1. 1, p. 272.) Myra, according to Leake, still preserves its ancient name. The distance of the ruins from the sea is said to correspond very accurately with the measurement of Strabo. (Journal, p. 183, 321.) list of Myron's productions may be seen in Sillag (Dict. Art., s. v.). MYRIANDROS, a city of Asia Minor, on the Bay of Issus, below Alexandrea (karà 'looóv), which Xenophon (Anab., 1, 4) places in Syria beyond the Pyla MYRRHA, a daughter of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. Cilicia; but Scylax includes it within the limits of She had a son by her own father, called Adonis. Cilicia (p. 40), as well as Strabo, who says that Se- When Cinyras was apprized of the crime he had unleucia of Pieria, near the mouth of the Orontes, was knowingly committed, he attempted to stab his daughthe first Syrian town beyond the Gulf of Issus. It ter, but Myrrha fled into Arabia, where she was chanwas a place of considerable trade in the time of the ged into a tree called myrrh. (Hygin., fab., 58, 275. Persian dominion. Xenophon speaks of the number-Ovid, Met., 10, 298.) of merchant vessels here. It declined at a later pe- MYRTILUS, a son of Mercury and Phaëthusa, chaririod, in consequence of its vicinity to the more flour-oteer to Enomaus. (Vid. Hippodamia, Enomaus, ishing city of Alexandrea. It appears to have been originally a Phoenician settlement. (Xen., l. c.-Scylax, l. c.) The modern name is not given by any traveller. and Pelops.) MYRTIS, a Grecian female of distinguished poetical abilities, who flourished about 500 B.C. She was born at Anthedon, in Baotia. Pindar is said to have received his first instructions in the poetic art from her, and it was during the period of his attendance upon her that he became acquainted with Corinna, who was also a pupil of Myrtis. Several of her prothough none exist now. The story of her having given instruction in the poetic art to Corinna and Pindar does not seem consistent with the reproach which the former addresses to her for having ventured to contend with the latter. (Voss, Excerpt. ex Apoll. Dyscol.-Maittaire, Dial., ed. Sturz., p. 546.) A statue of bronze was raised in honour of her. MYRINA, I. a city and harbour of Æolis, in Asia Minor, forty stadia to the north of Cyma. (Strabo, 621.) According to Mela (1, 18), it was the oldest of the Eolian cities, and received its name from Myrinus its founder. Pliny (5, 30) states that it after-ductions were still remaining in the age of Plutarch, ward assumed the name of Sebastopolis, of which, however, no trace appears on its coins. Philip, king of Macedonia (son of Demetrius), held possession of it for some time, with a view to future operations in Asia Minor; but, being vanquished by the Romans, he was compelled by that people to evacuate the place. (Polyb., 18, 27. — Liv., 33, 30.) Hierocles makes mention of this city at a later period (p. 661), MYRTOUM MARE, that part of the Ægean which lay after which we lose sight of it. It was the native between the coast of Argolis and Attica. (Strabo, place of Agathias. Choiseul Gouffier gives the mod-233.-Id., 375.) Pausanias states that it was so ern name as Sandarlik.-II. A city on the north- called from a woman named Myrto (8, 14.- Crawestern coast of Lemnos, and one of the principalmer's Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 7). places in the island. It was situate on the side looking towards Mount Athos, since Pliny reports (4, 12) that the shadow of the mountains was visible in the forum of this city at the time of the summer solstice. -Myrina alone offered resistance to Miltiades when that general went against Lemnos. It was taken, however, by his forces. (Herod., 6, 140.- Steph. Byz., s. v. Múpiva.) The ruins of this town are still to be seen. On its site stands the modern Castro. (Walpole's Collection, vol. 1, p. 54.)-III. A town of Crete, north of Lyctus. (Pliny, 4, 12.) It still retains its ancient name. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 3, p. 393.) MYRINUS, a surname of Apollo, from Myrina in Eolia, where he was worshipped. MYRMECIDES, an artist of Miletus, mentioned as making chariots so small that they were covered by the wing of a fly. He also inscribed an elegiac distich on a grain of sesamum. (Cic., Acad., 4.- Elian, V. H., 1, 17.- Perizon, ad loc.-Sillig, Dict. Art., s. v.) MYRMIDONES, a people on the southern borders of Thessaly, who accompanied Achilles to the Trojan war. They received their name, according to one account, from Myrmidon, a son of Jupiter and Eurymedusa, who married one of the daughters of Eolus, and whose son Actor married Egina, the daughter of the Asopus. According to some, the Myrmidons were so called from their having been originally ants, uúpunkεs. (Vid. Eacus.) This change from ants to men is founded merely upon the equivocation of their name, which resembles that of the ant (upuns). (Ovid, Met., 7, 654.-Strab.-Hygin., fab., 52.) MYRON, a celebrated statuary and engraver on silver, who lived in Olymp. 87. Pausanias styles him an Athenian (6, 2, 1). The reason of this is satisfactorily explained by Thiersch. (Epoch. Art. Gr., 2, Adnot., 64. Myron rendered himself particularly famous by his statue of a cow, so true to nature that bulls approached her as if she were alive. This is frequently alluded to among the epigrams in the Anthology. (Sonntag, Unterhalt., vol. 1, p. 100.--Böttiger, Andeutung., p. 144.-Goethe, ucber Kunst und Alterthum., 2, p. 1.—Vid. Lemnos and Athos.)-A It was MYRTUNTIUM, I. an inland lake of Acarnania, below Anactorium; the water of which, however, is salt, as it communicates with the sea. It is now called Murtari. (Strabo, 459.)-II. A town of Elis, originally named Myrsinus, and classed by Homer, under this latter appellation, among the Epean towns. about seventy stadia from the city of Elis, on the road from thence to Dyme, and near the sea. (Strabo, 341.) The ruins of this ancient place probably correspond with the vestiges of high antiquity observed by Sir W. Gell near the village of Kaloteichos, on the road from Kapeletti to Palaiopolis. (Itin. of the Morea, p. 31.- Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 3, p. 82, seqq.) Mys, I. a celebrated engraver on silver, whose country is uncertain. According to the statement of Pausanias (1, 28, 2), he must have been contemporary with Phidias. Mys carved the battle between the Centaurs and Lapitha on the shield held by the Minerva of Phidias. (Pausan., 1. c.) As regards the anachronism committed by Pausanias in the passage just referred to, and which makes Parrhasius to have assisted Phidias about Olymp. 84, consult the remarks of Sillig (Dict. Art., s. v.)-II. A slave and follower of Epicurus. The philosopher manumitted him by his. will. (Diog. Laert., 10, 3.-Menag., ad loc.) MYSIA, a country of Asia Minor, lying to the north of Lydia and west of Bithynia. It is extremely difficult, as Strabo had already observed, to assign to the Mysians their precise limits, since these appear to have varied continually from the time of Homer, and are very loosely marked by all the ancient geographers from Scylax to Ptolemy. Strabo conceives, that the Homeric boundaries of the lesser Mysia were the Esepus to the west and Bithynia to the east (Strab., 564); but Scylax removes them considerably to the east of this position by placing the Mysians on the Gulf of Cius. (Peripl., p. 35.) Ptolemy, on the other hand, has extended the Mysian territory to the west as far as Lampsacus, while to the cast he separates it from Bithynia by the river Rhyndacus. It was the prevailing opinion, of antiquity, that the Mysians were not an indigenous people of Asia, but that they had been transplanted to its shores from the banks of the Dan MYSIA. plundered by their neighbours in the most passive man- MYSIUS, a river of Mysia, which falls into the Car MYSTES, a son of the poet Valgius, whose early MYTILENE. Vid. Mitylene. ube, where the original race maintained itself under the name of Mosi, by which they were known to the Romans for several centuries after the Christian era. (Strab., 303.-Artem., ap. eund., 571.) Nor is that opinion at variance with the tradition which looked upon this people as of a kindred race with the Carians and Lydians, since these two nations were likewise supposed to have come from Thrace (Herod, 1, 172.Strab., 659); nor with another, which regarded them in particular as descended from the Lydians, in whose language the word mysos signified "a beech," which tree, it was farther observed, abounded in the woods of the Mysian Olympus. Strabo, who has copied these particulars from Xanthus the Lydian, and Menecrates of Elæa, states also, on their authority, that the Mysian dialect was a mixture of those of Phrygia and Lydia. (Strab., 572.)—We may collect from Herodotus that the Mysians were already a numerous and powerful people before the Trojan war, since he speaks of a vast expedition having been undertaken by MYUS (gen. Myuntis), the smallest of all the Ionian them, in conjunction with the Teucri, into Europe, in the course of which they subjugated the whole of Thrace cities, as appears from its only contributing three vesand Macedonia, as far as the Peneus and the Ionian sels to the united fleet of 350 sail. (Herod., 6, 8.) It Sea. (Herod., 7, 20, 75.) Subsequently, however, was situate, according to Strabo, on the southern bank to this period, the date of which is very remote and of the Meander, thirty stadia from its mouth. (Strab., uncertain, it appears that the Mysi were confined in 636.) The Mæander was not navigable for large vesAsia Minor within limits which correspond but lit- sels, and to this circumstance may principally be astle with such extensive conquests. Strabo is inclined cribed the inferior rank of Myus among her Ionian sisto suppose that their primary seat in that country was ters in point of opulence and power. The inundations the district which surrounds Mount Olympus, whence of the river, too, must have been very injurious. Myus he thinks they were afterward driven by the Phrygians, was founded by the Ionians about the same time with and forced to retire to the banks of the Caïcus, where Priene (Pausan., 7, 2), and was subsequently under the Arcadian Telephus became their king. (Eurip., the immediate sway of the Persians, since it was one ap. Aristot., Rhet., 3, 2.-Strab., 572.-Hygin., fab., of the cities given by Artaxerxes to Themistocles. 101.) But it appears from Herodotus that they still (Diod. Sic., 11, 57.) The city afterward sank greatoccupied the Olympian district in the time of Croesus, ly in importance. It became subjected also to a very whose subjects they had become, and whose aid they annoying kind of visitation. The sea would seem to requested to destroy the wild boar which ravaged their have formed originally a small bay as far as Myus. country (1, 36). Strabo himself also recognises the This bay, in process of time, became converted by the division of this people into the Mysians of Mount Olym- depositions of the Mæander into a fresh-water lake, pus and those of the Caïcus (571). These two dis- and so great a number of gnats was in consequence The Ionian confederacy, upon this, transtricts answer respectively to the Mysia Minor and Ma- produced, that the inhabitants of the city determined jor of Ptolemy. Homer enumerates the Mysi among to migrate. the allies of Priam in several passages, but he nowhere ferred the vote and the population of Myus to the city defines their territory, or even names their towns; in of Miletus. (Pausan., 7, 2.)-The ruins of Myus are one place, indeed, he evidently assigns to them a sit-called at the present day Palatsha (the Palace), from uation among the Thracians of Europe. (I., 13, 5.) -The Mysians of Asia had become subject to the Lydian monarchs in the reign of Alyattes, father to Croesus, and perhaps earlier, as appears from a passage of Nicolaus Damascenus, who reports that Crosus had been appointed to the government of the terNABATHEA, a country of Arabia Petræa. It exritory of Adramyttium and the Theban plain during the reign of his father. (Creuzer, Hist. Frag., p. tended from the Euphrates to the Sinus Arabicus. 203.) Strabo even affirms that Troas was already The Nabathaans are scarcely known in Scripture unsubjected in the reign of Gyges. (Strab., 590.) On til the time of the Maccabees. Their name is supthe dissolution of the Lydian empire, they passed, to- posed to be derived from that of Nebaioth, son of Ishgether with the other nations of Asia, under the Per- mael. (Genesis, 25, 13.—Ibid., 28, 9.—Isaiah,70, 7.) sian dominion, and formed part of the third satrapy in-In the time of Augustus they were a powerful peothe division made by Darius. (Herod., 3, 90.-Id., ple; but their kingdom, of which Petra was the cap7, 74.) After the death of Alexander they were an-ital, ended about the reign of Trajan. At a still later nexed to the Syrian empire; but, on the defeat of Antiochus, the Romans rewarded the services of Eumenes, king of Pergamus, with the grant of a district so NABIS, a tyrant of Lacedæmon, who usurped the suconveniently situated with regard to his own dominions, and which he had already occupied with his forces. preme power after the death of Machanidas, B.C. 205. (Polyb., 22, 27. —Liv., 38, 39.) At a later period, He appears to have been a man surpassing all former Mysia was annexed to the Roman proconsular prov- tyrants in the monstrous and unheard-of wickedness ince (Cic., Ep. ad Quint. Fr., 1, 8); but under the that characterized his rule. From the very first he emperors it formed a separate district, and was govern- deliberately grounded his power on a regular system of ed by a procurator. (Athenæus,, 9, p. 398, e.) It is rapine and bloodshed; he slew or banished all in Sparto be observed, also, that St. Luke, in the Acts, dis-ta who were distinguished either for birth or fortune, and tinguishes Mysia from the neighbouring provinces of Bithynia and Troas (16, 7, seq.).-The Greeks have stigmatized the Mysians as a cowardly and imbecile race, who would suffer themselves to be injured and the remains of an ancient theatre, mistaken by the present inhabitants around for the ruins of a palace. (Man· nert, Geogr., vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 262, seqq.) N. period their territory belonged to Palæstina Tertia. Nabathæa appears to correspond to the modern Hedschas. (Mannert, Geogr., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 165, seqq.) distributed their wives and their estates among his own mercenaries, to whom he entirely trusted for support. His extortions were boundless, and death with torture was the penalty of refusal. No source of gain was too mean for him or too iniquitous. He partook in NABONASSAR, a king of Babylon, who lived about the piracies of the Cretans, who were infamous for the middle of the 8th century before the Christian era, that practice; and he maintained a sort of alliance and who gave name to what is called the Nabonassawith the most noted thieves and assassins in the Pelo- rian era. The origin of this era is thus represented ponnesus, on the condition that they should admit him by Syncellus from the accounts of Polyhistor and Beto a share in their gains, while he should give them rosus, the earliest writers extant in Chaldæan history refuge and protection in Sparta whenever they needed and antiquities. "Nabonassar, having collected the it. It is said that he invented a species of automaton, acts of his predecessors, destroyed them, in order that made to resemble his wife, and that he availed himself the computation of the reigns of the Chaldæan kings of this as an instrument of torture to wrest their wealth might be made from himself." (Syncell., Chronofrom his victims. Whenever he had summoned any graph., p. 207.) It began, therefore, with the reign opulent citizen to his palace, in order to procure from of Nabonassar (Febr. 26, B.C. 747). The form of him a sum of money for the pretended exigences of the year employed in it is the moveable year of 365 days, state, if the latter was unwilling to loan, "Perhaps," consisting of 12 equal months of 30 days, and five Nabis would say, "I do not myself possess the talent supernumerary days; which was the year in common requisite for persuading you, but I hope that Apega use among the Chaldæans, Egyptians, Armenians, (this was the name of his wife) will prove more suc- Persians, and the principal Oriental nations from the cessful." He then caused the horrid machine to be earliest times. This year ran through all the seasons brought in, which, catching the unfortunate victim in in the course of 1461 years. The freedom of the Naits embrace, pierced him with sharp iron points con- bonassarean year from intercalation rendered it pecucealed beneath its splendid vestments, and tortured liarly convenient for astronomical calculation. Hence him into compliance by the most excruciating suffer- it was adopted by the early Greek astronomers Timoings.-Philip, king of Macedon, being at war with the chares and Hipparchus; and by those of the AlexanRomans, made an alliance with Nabis, and resigned drean school, Ptolemy, &c. In consequence of this, into his hands the city of Argos as a species of de- the whole historical catalogue of reigns has been composite. Introduced into this place during the night, monly, though improperly, called Ptolemy's canon; the tyrant plundered the wealthy citizens, and sought because he probably continued the original table of to seduce the lower orders by proposing a general abo- Chaldæan and Persian kings, and added thereto the lition of debts and a distribution of lands. Foresee- Egyptian and Roman down to his own time. (Hale's ing, however, not long after this, that the issue of the Analysis of Chronology, vol. 1, p. 155, seqq., 8vo ed.) war would prove unfavourable for Philip, he entered-Foster, in his epistle concerning the Chaldæans, as into secret negotiations with the Romans in order to given by Michaelis (Spicilegium Geographie Hebræassure himself of the possession of Argos. This per-orum, vol. 2, p. 102), seeks to explain the name Nabofidy, however, was unsuccessful; and Flamininus the nassar on the supposition of an affinity between the Roman commander, after having concluded a peace ancient Chaldee language and the Sclavonic tongue. with the King of Macedon, advanced to lay siege to According to him, it is equivalent to Nebu-nash-izar, Sparta. The army which Nabis sent against him hav-which means, Our Lord in Heaven. This etymology ing been defeated, and the Romans and their allies having entered Laconia and made themselves masters of Gythium, Nabis was forced to submit, and, besides surrendering Argos, had to accept such terms as the Roman commander was pleased to impose. Humiliated by these reverses, he thought of nothing but regaining his former power, and the Roman army had hardly retired from Laconia before his emissaries were actively employed in inducing the maritime cities to revolt. At last he took up arms and laid siege to Gythium. The Achæans sent a fleet to the succour of the place, under the command of Philopomen; but the latter was defeated by Nabis in a naval engagement, who thereupon pressed the siege of Gythium with redoubled vigour, and finally made himself master of the place. The tyrant, however, not long after this, experienced a total defeat near Sparta from the land forces of Philopomen, and was compelled to shut himself up in his capital, while the Achæan commander ravaged Laconia for thirty days, and then led home his army. Meanwhile Nabis was continually urging the Etolians, whom he regarded as his allies, to come to his aid, and this latter people finally sent a body of troops, under the command of Alexamenus; but they sent also secret orders along with this leader to despatch Nabis himself on the first opportunity. Taking advantage of NÆVIUS, I. Cnæus, a native of Campania, was the a review-day, on which occasions Nabis was wont to first imitator of the regular dramatic works which had ride about the field attended by only a few followers, been produced by Livius Andronicus. He served in Alexamenus executed his instructions, and slew Na- the first Punic war, and his earliest plays were reprebis, with the aid of some chosen Ætolian horsemer, sented at Rome in A.U.C. 519, B.C. 235. (Aul. Gell., who had been directed by the council at home to obey 17, 21.) The names of his tragedies (of which as few any orders which Alexamenus might give them. The fraginents remain as of those of Livius) are still preEtolian commander, however, did not reap the advan- served: Alcestis, from which there is yet extant a detage which he expected from this treachery; for, while scription of old age in rugged and barbarous verse, he himself was searching the treasury of the tyrant, Danie, Dulorestes, Hesiona, Hector, Iphigenia, Luand his followers were pillaging the city, the inhabi- curgus, Phanissa, Protesilaus, and Telephus. All tants fell upon them and cut them to pieces. Sparta these were translated or closely imitated from the thereupon joined the Achæan league. (Plut., Vit. works of Euripides, Anaxandrides, and other Greek Philop-Pausan., 7, 8.--Biogr. Univ., v. 30, p. 517.) | dramatists. Nævius, however, was accounted a bet has been impugned by some, on the ground that the Russian term for emperor or king is written Czar, and is nothing more than a corruption for Cæsar. Unfortunately, however for this very plausible objection, the Russian term in question is written with an initial Tsui or Ts (Tsar), and cannot, therefore, by any possibility, come from Cæsar. (Consult Schmidt's Russian and German Dict., s. v.) NABOPOLASSAR, a king of Babylon, who united with Astyages against Assyria, which country they conquered, and, having divided it between them, founded two kingdoms, that of the Medes under Astyages, and that of the Chaldæans under Nabopolassar, B.C. 626. Necho, king of Egypt, jealous of the power of the latter, declared war against and defeated him. Nabopolassar died after a reign of 21 years. The name, according to Foster, is equivalent to Nebu-polezi-tzar, which means, Our Lord dwells in Heaven. (Consult remarks near the close of the article Nabonassar.) NÆNIA or NENIA, a goddess among the Romans who presided over funerals. She had a chapel without the Porta Viminalis. (Festus, s. v.— - Compare Arnob., 4, p. 131.-Augustin., de Civ. Dei, 6, 9.)— The term is more commonly employed to denote a funeral-dirge. (Festus, s. v.) NAH NAISSUS, a city of Dacia Mediterranea, southwest of Reichard identifies it with the modern Nezza Ratiaria. It was the birthplace of Constantine the Great. (Const. or Nissa, in the southern part of Servia. The name is sometimes written Naisus and Naesus. Porphyr., de Them., 2, 9. -Zosim., 3, 11.-Anton., Itin., p. 134.-Amm. Marcell., 21, 10.) ier comic than tragic poet. Cicero has given us some | Völker des Alien Teutschlands), they dwelt in what specimens of his jests, with which he appears to have is now Upper Lusatia and Silesia. Wilhelm, however (Germanien und Seine Bewohner), places them in been greatly amused; but they consist rather in unexpected turns of expression, or a play of words, than Poland on the Vistula, and Reichard between the Nævius, in some of his comedies, Wartha and Vistula. in genuine humour. NAIADES, certain inferior deities who presided over indulged too much in personal invective and satire, "to flow," as indicative of the genespecially against the elder Scipio. Encouraged by rivers, brooks, springs, and fountains. Their name is The Naiades are generally reprethe silence of this illustrious individual, he next at- derived from vaiw, tacked the patrician family of the Metelli. The poet tle motion of water. They were was thrown into prison for this last offence, where he sented as young and beautiful virgins, leaning upon an wrote his comedies, the Hariolus and Leontes. These urn, from which flows a stream of water. being in some measure intended as a recantation of held in great veneration among the ancients, and sachis former invectives, he was liberated by the tribunes rifices of goats and lambs were offered them, with libaof the commons. Relapsing soon after, however, into tions of wine, honey, and oil. Sometimes they rehis former courses, and continuing to satirize the no-ceived only offerings of milk, fruit, and flowers. (Vid. bility, he was driven from Rome by their influence, Nymphæ.) and retired to Carthage, where he died, according to Cicero, AJ.C. 550, B C. 204; but Varro fixes his death somewhat later.-Besides his comedies, Nævius was also author of the Cyprian Iliad, a translation from a Greek poem called the Cyprian Epic. Whoever may have written this Cyprian Epic, it contained 12 books, and was probably a work of amorous and romantic fiction. It commenced with the nuptials of Thetis and Peleus; it related the contention of the three goddesses on Mount Ida; the fables concerning Palamedes; the story of the daughters of Anius; and the love adventures of the Phrygian fair during the early period of the siege of Troy; and it terminated with the council of the gods, at which it was resolved that Achilles should be withdrawn from the war, by sowing dissensions between him and Atrides. -Some modern critics think that the Cyprian Iliad was rather the work of Lævius, a poet who lived some time after Nævius, since the lines preserved from the Cyprian Iliad are hexameters; a measure, not elseNAR, a river of Italy, rising at the foot of Mount where used by Nævius, nor introduced into Italy, according to their supposition, before the time of Ennius. Fiscellus, in that part of the chain of the Apennines (Osann, Analect. Crit., p. 36.- Hermann, Elem. which separates the Sabines from Picenum (Plin., 3, Doctr. Metr., p. 210, ed. Glasg.)—A metrical chron- | 12), and, after receiving the Velinus and several other icle, which chiefly related the events of the first Punic smaller rivers, falling into the Tiber near Ocriculum. war, was another, and probably the last work of Navi- (Virg., En., 7, 516.—Sil. Ital., 8, 453.) The modus, since Cicero says (De Senect., c. 14) that in wri-ern name is the Nera. It was noted for its sulphurous ting it he filled up the leisure of his latter days with stream and the whitish colour of its waters. (Virg.,l. -Sil. Ital., 1. c.-Plin., 3, 5, 12.) "The Nera," wonderful complacency and satisfaction. It was ori- c.ginally undivided; but, after his death, was separated says Eustace, "forms the southern boundary of Uminto seven books. (Suet., de Illustr. Gramm.)-Al-bria, and traverses, in its way to Narni, about nine though the first Punic war was the principal subject, as appears from its announcement, Qui terraï Latiaï hemones tuserunt yet also afforded a rapid sketch of the preceding inci- NAHARVALI, a people of Germany, ranked by Tacitus Their NAMNETES OF NANNETES (Strab. Nauviral.-Piol. Nauvnraí), a people of Gallia Celtica, on the north bank of the Liger ot Loire, near its mouth. Their city is sometimes (as in capital was Condivicnum, afterward Namnetes, now Nantes (Nantz). Greg. Tur., 6, 15) called Civitas Namnetica. NANTUATES, a people of Gallia Narbonensis, on the south of the Lacus Lemanus or Lake of Geneva. (Cæs., B. G., 4, 10.) NAPEE, certain divinities among the ancients who presided over the forests and groves. Their name is derived from váжη, “a grove." (Virgil, Georg., 4, 535.) miles distant, a vale of most delightful appearance. The Apennine, in its mildest form, "coruscis ilicibus fremens," bounds this plain; the milky Nar intersects it; and fertility, equal to that of the neighbouring vale of Clitumnus, adorns it on all sides with vegetation and beauty." (Classical Tour, vol. 1, p. 334.) NARBO MARTIUS, a city of Gaul, in the southern section of the country, and southwest of the mouths of the Rhone. It was situate on the river Atax (or Aude), Narbo was one of the oldest and became, by means of this stream, a seaport and a place of great trade. cities of the land, and had a very extensive commerce long before the Romans established themselves in this Avienus (Or. Marit., v. 585) makes it the quarter. capital of the unknown tribe of the Elesyces. The situation of this place appeared so favourable to the Romans, that they sent a colony to it before they had even firmly established themselves in the surrounding country, A.U.C. 636. (Vell. Paterc., 1, 15.-Eutrop., 4, 3.) The immediate cause of this settlement was the want of a good harbour on this coast, and of a place also that might afford the necessary supplies to their armies when marching along the Gallic shore into Spain. (Polyb., 3, 39.) At a later period, after the time of Cæsar, Narbo became the capital of the entire province, which took from it the appellation of Narbonensis. This distinction probably would not have been obtained by it had not Massilia (Marseille) been declared a free and independent community by |