HARPALUS, I. an early and favoured friend of Alex- | work. Harpocration composed also another work, enander the Great. Having been left at Babylon as sa- titled "A collection of flowers," or Anthology, 'Avontrap of the province, and treasurer of a more consider-pwv ovvaywyn, which has not reached us. The latest able portion of the empire, he abused his trust so gross-edition of the Lexicon is that published at Leipsic in ly, that, on the king's return, he was compelled to flee 1824, 2 vols. 8vo, by an anonymous editor. Many through fear of punishment. He was accompanied by places in Harpocration are corrected by Toup (Emensix thousand soldiers, and with these he landed in La- dationes in Suidam, etc., vol. 4, ed. Burgess), and by conia, in the hope, it may be supposed, of engaging Schleusner (Observ. in Harp. Lex.-Friedemann und the Lacedæmonians to renew their opposition to Al Seebode's Miscell. Crit., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 744, seqq.). exander. Failing there of support, he left his army HARPYIA, winged monsters, who had female faces, and went to Athens as a suppliant, but carrying with and the bodies, wings, and claws of birds. They him money to a large amount. His cause was taken were three in number, Aëllo, Ocypěte, and Celano, up by many eminent orators hostile to Alexander; and daughters of Neptune and Terra. They were sent by Demosthenes himself, who had at first held back, was Juno to plunder the tables of Phineus, whence they prevailed upon to espouse it. It failed, however; the were driven to the islands called Strophades by Zethes Athenians adhered to the existing treaties; and Har- and Calais. (Vid. Phineus) They emitted a noipalus, being obliged to quit Athens, carried his troops some stench, and polluted whatever they touched. Virinto Crete, where he perished by assassination. It gil introduces them into the Eneid, as plundering the was said that his gold had been largely distributed table of Æneas and his companions, when that hero among his Athenian supporters, and a prosecution was touched at the Strophades; and makes Celano, one instituted against Demosthenes and his associates, as of their number, predict to the Trojan leader the cahaving been bribed to miscounsel the people. They lamities that await him. (En., 3, 210, seqq.)—The were convicted before the Areopagus; and Demos- Harpies are nothing more, in fact, than personifications thenes, being fined in the sum of 50 talents (about of the storm-winds, and they appear clearly as such in 53,000 dollars), withdrew to Egina. (Vid. Demos- the poems of Homer and Hesiod. The former says thenes-Diod. Sic., 17, 108, seqq.)-II. An astrono- nothing of their shape or parentage; the latter says. mer of Greece, who flourished about 400 B.C. He that they were sisters of Iris, daughters of Thaumas corrected the cycle of Cleostratus. This alteration, and Electra, swift as birds or as the blasts of wind. from a revolution of eight to one of nine years, was, (Theog., 267.) Their names, according to him, are in the fourth year of the eighty-second Olympiad, again Aello and Ocypete. Homer says, that Xanthus and improved by Meton, who increased the cycle to a pe- Balius, the steeds of Achilles, were the offspring of riod of nineteen years. (Vid. Meton.-L'Art de Zephyrus by the harpy Podarge (Swift-foot). Virgil verifier les Dates, vol. 3, p. 133.) gives Celano as the name of the third of these monsters.-To the vivid imagination of the Greeks, the terrors of the storm were intimately associated with the idea of powerful and active demons directing its blasts. Hence the names bestowed on these fabulous creations. Thus we have the Harpies or "Snatchers," from úprά, in allusion to the storm-winds seizing a vessel and hurrying it away from its course: so also the individual appellations of the three, Aello, "a tempest;" Ocypete, "swift-flyer;" and Celano, “gloom.” The mixed form commonly assigned them was the addition of a later age. (On the subject of the Harpies, compare Salmas., ad dedic. Stat. Regill., p. 96, 241. HARPALYCE, the daughter of Harpalycus, king of Thrace. Her mother died when she was but a child, and her father fed her with the milk of cows and mares, and inured her to martial exercises, intending her for his successor in the kingdom. When her father's kingdom was invaded by Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles, she repelled and defeated the enemy with manly courage. The death of her father, which happend in a sedition, rendered her disconsolate; she fled the society of mankind, and lived in the forests upos plunder and rapine. Every attempt to secure heroved fruitless, till her great swiftness was overcome by intercepting her with a net. After her death the people of the country disputed their respective right to the possessions she had acquired by rapine, and games were subsequently instituted as an expiation for her death. (Hygin., fab., 193.-Virg., En., 1, 321.) -Spanheim, de usu et præs., num. 1, p. 260, segg.Huschke, de Vasculo Locris, invento, p. 17-Creuzer, Comment. Herodot., p. 346, seqq.) M. Le Clerc has a curious though unfounded theory respecting the Harpies. He supposes them to have been a swarm of locusts, which, after they had laid waste Bithynia and PaphlagoHARPOCRATES, an Egyptian divinity, represented as nia, produced a famine there. According to him, the holding one finger on the lips, and thence commonly word arba, of which he maintains that of harpy is formdenominated the God of Silence. The name Harpoc-ed, signifies a locust; and as the north wind rid the counrates is said to designate the infant Horus, and to try of them, having driven them as far as the Ionian mean "Horus with soft or delicate feet" (Har-phon-Sea, where they perished, it was fabled that the sons krates, Har-phoch-rat, Har-pokrat). The god who bore this appellation was confounded, at a later period probably, with another earlier and superior deity, Phtah-Sokari, the infant Phtah, equally surnamed Pokrat. (Compare Jablonski, Panth., 1, p. 245, seqq.Creuzer's Symbolik, par Guigniaut, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 808.) Porphyry (de antro Nymph.) informs us, that the Egyptians worshipped, under the symbol of silence, the source of all things, and that hence came the mysterious statue of Harpocrates, with the finger on the mouth. (Plut., de Is. et Os., p. 378.-Constant, de la Religion, vol. 3, p. 78.) HARPOCRATION, Valerius, a grammarian of Alexandrea, supposed by some to be the same with the one that instructed L. Verus in Greek; while others take him to be identical with the Harpocration of whom mention is made in a letter of Libanius to Aristænetus. He was the author of a Lexicon, derived principally from the ter. Attic orators, and entitled, on that account, Aɛžikòv tāv déka þŋtópwv. It is a very useful of Boreas had put them to flight. Among many other objections to this explanation, it may suffice to urge but one here, namely, that the scene of the adventure of King Phineus is placed by the poets in Thrace, never in Asia. (Vid. Argonautæ.) If HARUSPICES, called also ExTISPICES, a class of priests at Rome, who examined the victims and their entrails (exta), and thence derived omens respecting the future. They divined also from the flame, smoke, and other circumstances attending the sacrifice. the victim came to the altar without resistance, stood there quietly, fell by one stroke, bled freely, &c., these were favourable signs. If, on the other hand, the victim struggled, or broke away from those who were leading it; if any part of the entrails were want ing, or if they fell from the hand of the officiating priest; if the liver were double; if no heart appeared, &c., all these were ominous of evil. It will easily be perceived from this how wide a door was left for imposition; and hence probably one reason why the son of Giscon, who commanded the forces of his country in Spain during the time of Hannibal. Being seconded by Syphax, he afterward carried on the war haruspices were not esteemed so honourable as the augurs. When Julius Cæsar admitted one of them, Ruspina, into the senate, Cicero represents it as an indignity to that order. Their art was called Harus-against the Romans in Africa, but was defeated by picina, or Haruspicum disciplina, and was derived from Etruria, whence haruspices were often sent for to Rome during the earlier periods of her history. They sometimes also came from the East: thus we have in Juvenal, "Armenius vel Commagenus haruspex" (6, 549). The college of the haruspices was instituted by Romulus, according to the popular belief. Of what number it consisted is uncertain.-The ordinary derivation of the terms haruspices and extispices makes the former come from ara, "an altar," and specio, "to examine" or "observe;" and the latter from exta, "the entrails" of the victim, and specio. Donatus, however (ad Terent., Phorm., 4, 28), gives a different etymology for Haruspex, namely, from haruga (the name of hostia, a victim) and specio. That the name itself is not an Etrurian one, appears very evidently from the Inscriptio Bilinguis, found at Pisaurum, in which the words haruspex fulguriator are rendered into Tuscan by netmfif trutnft phruntac. (Müller, Etrusker, vol. 2, p. 13, in notis.) A critic in the Halle Alg. Lit. Zeit., 1824 (vol. 3, p. 45), condemns the derivation from haruga, and deduces the name haruspex from a Tuscan word here, which he makes equivalent to Isacra, or the Greek term iɛpós. In inscriptions, arespex and arrespex also occur. (Compare Creuzer, Symbolik, par Guigniaut, vol. 2, p. 467, seqq.) dence. HASDRUBAL (meaning in Punic "(whose) help (is) Baal"), I. a Carthaginian general, son of Mago, who succeeded to the titles and glory of his father. It was under his conduct that the Carthaginians carried the war into Sardinia. He received a wound in that island which caused his death, B.C. 420. (Justin, 19, 1.) -II. Son of the preceding, made war upon the Numidians, and freed Carthage from the tribute she had been compelled to pay for being permitted to establish herself on the coast of Africa. (Justin, 19, 2.)-III. A son of Hanno, sent into Sicily at the head of a powerful army to oppose the Romans. He was defeated by Metellus, the Roman proconsul, B.C. 251. Hasdrubal fled to Lilybaum, but was condemned to death by his countrymen at home. (Id. ibid.)-IV. Son-inlaw of Hamilcar, distinguished himself under the orders of that general in the war with Numidia. On the the death of his father-in-law he was appointed commander, and carried on military operations in Spain during eight years. He reduced the greater part of this country, and governed it with wisdom and pruHe founded Carthago Nova (Carthagena). The Romans, wishing to put a stop to his successes, made a treaty with Carthage, by which the latter bound herself not to carry her arms beyond the Iberus. Hasdrubal faithfully observed the terms of this compact. He was slain, B.C. 220, by a slave whose master he had put to death. (Liv., 21, 2.-Polyb., 2, 1.-Id., 3, 12.-Id., 2, 13.-Id., 10, 10.)-V. Son of Hamilcar, brought from Spain large reinforcements for his brother Hannibal. He crossed the barrier of the Alps, and arrived in Italy, but the consuls Livius Salinator and Claudius Nero, having intercepted the letters which he had written to Hannibal, apprizing him of his arrival, attacked him near the river Metaurus, and gave him a complete defeat, B.C. 208. Hasdrubal fell in the battle, with 56,000 of his troops. The Romans lost about 8000 men, and made 5400 prisoners. The head of Hasdrubal was severed from his body, and was thrown a few days after into the camp of Hannibal. Before attempting to enter Italy by land, Hasdrubal attempted to cross the sea from Spain, but was defeated by the Roman governor of Sardinia. (Liv., 21, 23. -Polyb., 11, 1.)-VI. A Carthaginian commander, Scipio. He died B.C. 206. (Liv., 24, 41.-Id., 29, HEBE, the goddess of Youth ("H6ŋ), a daughter of HEBRUS, a large river of Thrace, and one of the most considerable in Europe. It rises in the central chain that separates the plains of Thrace from the great valley of the Danube. Thucydides says (2, 96), that it takes its source in Mount Scomius, and Plin (4, 11) in Mount Rhodope. After receiving several tributary streams, it falls into the Ægean, near the city of Enus. An estuary, which it forms at its mouth, was known to Herodotus by the name of Stentoris Palus (revτopídos Aíμvn-7, 58.—Compare Plin., 4, 11). The Hebrus is now called the Maritza. Dr. Clarke found the Maritza a broad and muddy stream, much swollen by rains. (Travels, vol. 8, p. 94, Lon-prose-writer, it may be remarked, that the lexicogdon ed.) Plutarch (de Fluv.) states, that this river once bore the name of Rhombus; and there grew upon its banks, perhaps the identical plant now constituting a principal part of the commerce of the country; being then used, as it is now, for its intoxicating qualities. It is, moreover, related of the Hebrus by Pliny (33, 4), that its sands were auriferous; and Belon has confirmed this observation, by stating that the inhabitants annually collected the sand for the gold it contained. (Observat. en Grece, p. 63, Paris, 1555.) According to the ancient mythologists, after Orpheus had been torn in pieces by the Thracian Bacchantes, his head and lyre were cast into the Hebrus, and, being carried down that river to the sea, were borne by the waves to Methymna, in the island of Lesbos. The Methymneans buried the head of the unfortunate bard, and suspended the lyre in the temple of Apollo. (Ovid, Met., 11, 55.-Philarg. ad Virg., Georg., 4, 523.Eustath. in Dionys., v. 536.-Hygin., Astron. Poct., 2, 7.) Servius adds, that the head was at one time carried to the bank of the river, and that a serpent thereupon sought to devour it, but was changed into stone. (ad Virg., Georg., l. c.) Dr. Clarke thinks, that this part of the old legend may have originated in an appearance presented by one of those extraneous fossils called Serpent-stones or Ammonita, found near this river. (Travels, vol. 8, p. 100, Lond. ed.) At the junction of the Hebrus with the Tonsus and Ardiscus, Orestes is said to have purified himself from his mother's blood. (Vid. Orestias.) HECALESIA, a festival at Athens, in honour of Jupiter Hecalesius. It was instituted by Theseus, in comnemoration of the kindness of Hecale towards him, when he was going on his enterprise against the Macedonian bull. This Hecale was an aged female, according to the common account, while others referred the name to one of the borough towns of the Leontian tribe in Attica. (Steph. Byz., s. v.-Plut., Vit. Thes.-Castellanus, de Fest. Græc., p. 108.) HECATÆ FANUM, a celebrated temple sacred to Hecate, near Stratonicea in Caria. (Strabo, 660.) HECATEUS, I. a native of Miletus. We learn from Suidas, s. v. 'Ekaraios, that his father's name was Hegesander; that he flourished about the sixty-fifth Olympiad, during the reign of Darius, who succeeded Cambyses; that he was a scholar of Protagoras, and the first who composed a history in prose; and that Herodotus was much indebted to his writings. Under the word 'Eλávikoç, Suidas says that Hecatæus flourished during the Persian wars. This account is in part confirmed by Herodotus, who tells us that, when Aristagoras planned the revolt of the Ionian cities from Darius (5, 36), Hecatæus, in the first instance, condemned the enterprise; and afterward (5, 125), when the unfortunate events of the war had demonstrated the wisdom of his former opinion, he recommended Aristagoras, in case he found himself under the necessity of quitting Ionia, to fortify some strong position in the island of Leros, and there to remain| quiet until a favourable opportunity occurred of reoccupying Miletus. We learn also from Herodotus (2, 143), that Hecatæus had visited Egypt. According to Diogenes Laertius, Protagoras flourished in the eighty-fourth Olympiad; consequently Hecatæus could not have been his scholar, as Suidas supposes. The Abbé Sevin (Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscr., vol. 6, p. 472) has two conjectures on this point; he suggests that we should either read Pythagoras instead of Pro tagoras, or that Suidas has, by mistake, said of the must be referred to the Hellenistic Jews, as a fabrication of theirs. Sainte-Croix, on the other hand, undertakes to support their authenticity. (Examen des Historiens d'Alexandre-le-Grand, p. 558.) It appears, however, that Hecatæus of Abdera actually wrote a work on Egypt, for Diodorus Siculus (1, 47) and Plutarch (De Is. et Os., p. 143, ed. Wyttenb.-ed. Reiske, vol. 7, p. 392) both cite it. The fragments of Hecateus of Abdera were published by Zorn, Altona, 1730, 8vo, and are given in part also by Creuzer, in his Hist. Græc. Antiquiss. Fragm., p. 28, seqq.III. A native of Teos, supposed to have flourished about the ninetieth Olympiad. Compare the remarks of Creuzer, (Hist. Gr. Ant. Fragm., p. 6, seqq.)-IV. A native of Eretria, who wrote Пepi Nóoтwv, "On the wanderings of the Grecian chieftains returning from Troy." He is mentioned also by Plutarch among the historians of Alexander. (Schöll, Hist. Litt. Gr., vol. 4, p. 133.) hence were connected with her all those accessary ideas which are grouped around that of the moon: she is the goddess that troubles the reason of men, the goddess that presides over nocturnal ceremonies, and, consequently, over magic; hence her identity with Diana for the Grecian mythology, with Isis for the Egyptian; and hence also all her cosmogonical attributes, assigned to Isis in Egypt. (Constant, de la Religion, vol. 4, p. 139, in notis.)—As regards the etymology of her name, may be remarked, that the most probable one seems to be that which deduces it from the Greek έkúrη, the feminine of Ekaroc, denoting either "her that operates from afar," or "her that removes or drives off." (Creuzer, Symbolik, vol. 2, p. 124.) Expiatory sacrifices were offered to this goddess on the thirtieth of every month, in which eggs and young dogs formed the principal objects. The remains of these animals and of the other offerings, together with a large quantity of all sorts of coHECATE ('EKÚTη), the name of a goddess in the nestibles, were exposed in the cross-roads, and called Grecian mythology. In the Theogony of Hesiod (v. the " Supper of Hecate” (Εκάτης δεῖπνον). The 411), this deity is made the daughter of Perses and poorer class and the Cynics seized upon these viands Asteria. Bacchylides speaks of her as the daughter with an eagerness that passed among the ancients as of Night, while Museus gave her Jupiter as a sire in a mark of extreme indigence, or the lowest degree of place of Perses. (Schol. ad Apoll. Rh., 3, 467.) baseness. (Compare the note of Hemsterhuis, ad LuOthers again made her the offspring of the Olympian cian. Dial. Mort., 1.- Op., ed. Bip., vol. 2, p. 397, king by Pherea, the daughter of Eolus (Tzetz., ad seqq.) Her statues were in general dog-headed, and Lyc., 1180), or by Ceres (Schol. ad Theocrit., 2, 12). were set up at Athens and elsewhere, in the marketAccording to Pherecydes, her sire was Aristæus. places and at cross-roads. It is probable, indeed, that (Schol. ad Apoll. Rh., l. c.) It is said in the Theog- the dog-headed form was the ancient and mystic one of ony (412, seqq.), that Hecate was highly honoured by Hecate, and that under which she was worshipped in Jupiter, who allowed her to exercise extensive power the mysteries of Samothrace, where dogs were immoover land and sea, and to share in all the honours en-lated in her honour. Hecate had also her mysteries, joyed by the children of Heaven and Earth. She re- celebrated at gina, and the establishment of which wards sacrifice and prayer to her with prosperity. was ascribed to Orpheus. Another name of this godShe presides over the deliberations of the popular as- dess was Brimo (from ẞpéμw, “to roar"). This seems sembly, over war, and the administration of justice. to have been chiefly employed to denote her terrific She gives success in wrestling and horse-racing. The appearance, especially when she came summoned by fisherman prays to her and Neptune; the herdsman to magic arts. Apollonius of Rhodes (Arg., 3, 1214, her and Hermes; for she can increase and diminish seqq.) describes her as having her head surrounded at her will. Though an only child (in contrast to by serpents, twining through branches of oak, while Apollo and Diana, who have similar power), she is hon- torches flamed in her hands, and the infernal dogs oured with all power among the immortals, and is, by howled around. Lucian's "liar of the first magnithe appointment of Jupiter, the rearer of children, tude," Eucrates, gives a most terrific description of whom she has brought to see the light of day. This her appearance. (Philopseud., 22, seqq.) passage, however, is plainly an interpolation in the character she was also sometimes called Empusa. Theogony, with which it is not in harmony. It has (Eudocia, 147.) These, however, were evidently late all the appearance of being an Orphic composition, ideas and fictions. (Keightley's Mythology, p. 67.) and is, perhaps, the work of the notorious forger Onomacritus. (Göttling, ad loc.-Thiersch, über Hesiodus, p. 24.-Keightley's Mythology, p. 66.)-Hecate is evidently a stranger-divinity in the mythology of the Greeks. It would appear that she was one of the hurtful class of deities, transported by Hesiod, or his interpolator, into the Grecian mythology, and placed behind the popular divinities of the day, as a being of earlier existence. Hence the remark of the bard, that Jupiter respected all the prerogatives which Hecate had enjoyed previous to his ascending the throne of his father. Indeed, the sphere which the poet assigns her, places her out of the reach of all contact with the act-povevw, "to kill"), a solemn sacrifice offered by the ing divinities of the day. She is mentioned neither in the Iliad nor Odyssey, and the attributes assigned her in the more recent poem of the Argonauts are the same with those of Proserpina in Homer. (Creuzer, Symbolik, vol. 1, p. 158.-Id., 2, 120.-Goerrcs, HECATOMPOLIS, an epithet given to Crete, from the Mytheng, vol. 1, p. 254.-Hermann, Handb. der hundred cities which it once contained. (Hom., Il., Myth., vol. 2, p. 45.) Jablonski (Panth. Egypt.) re- 2, 649.) The same epithet was also applied to Lagards Hecate as the same with the Egyptian Tith-conia. (Strabo, 362.-Steph. Byz., s. v. 'Aμúкhai.) rambo. Her action upon nature, her diversified attri- The greater part of these, however, were probably, like butes, her innumerable functions, are a mixture of the demi of Attica, not larger than villages. (Vid. physical, allegorical, and philosophical traditions re- Laconia.) specting the fusion of the elements and the generation of beings. Hecate was the night, and, by an extension of this idea, the primitive night, the primary cause or parent of all things. She was the moon, and In this HECATOMBOIA, a festival celebrated in honour of Juno by the Argives and people of Ægina. It received its name from KaTóv and Bous, being a sacrifice of a hundred oxen, which were always offered to the goddess, and the flesh distributed among the poorest citizens. There were also public games, first instituted by Archinus, a king of Argos, in which the prize was a shield of brass with a crown of myrtle.-There was also an anniversary sacrifice called by this name in Laconia, and offered for the preservation of the 100 cities which once flourished in that country. HECATOMPHONIA (from έkaTóv, “a hundred," and Messenians to Jupiter when any of them had killed a hundred enemies. Aristomenes is said to have offered up this sacrifice three times in the course of the Messenian wars against Sparta. (Pausan., 4, 19.) HECATOMPYLOS, I. an epithet applied to Thebes in Egypt, on account of its hundred gates. (Vid. remarks under the article Theba, I.)-II. The metropolis of Parthia, and royal residence of the Arsacida, situate in the district of Comisene, and southwest part of the province of Parthiene. The name is of Grecian origin, probably a translation of the native term, and has a figurative allusion to the numerous routes which diverge from this place to the adjacent country. D'Anville makes it correspond with the modern Demegan. (Plin., 6, 15.-Curt., 6, 2.-Ammian. Marcell., 23, 24.-Polyb., 10, 25.-Diod. Sic., 17, 25.) HECATONNESI, small islands between Lesbos and Asia. They derived their names, according to StraDo (13), from Karos, an epithet of Apollo, that deity being particularly worshipped along the continent of Asia, off which they lay. It seems more probable, however, that they had their name from έkaróv, a hundred, and were called so from their great number, which is about forty or over. And Herodotus, in fact, writes the name 'Ekarov Nñool (1, 151). The modern appellation is Musco-Nisi. (Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. 1, p. 165.) duced her husband's palace and all Troy to ashes, On her telling this dream to Priam, he sent for his son Esacus, by a former wife Arisbe, the daughter of Merops, who had been reared and taught to interpret dreams by his grandfather. Esacus declared, that the child would be the ruin of his country, and recommended to expose it. As soon as born, the babe was given to a servant to be left on Ida to perish; but the attempt proved a fruitless one, and the prediction of the soothsayer was fulfilled. (Vid. Paris.) After the ruin of Troy and the death of Priam, Hecuba fell to the lot of Ulysses, and she embarked with the conquerors for Greece. The fleet, however, was detained off the coast of the Thracian Chersonese by the appearance. of the spectre of Achilles on the summit of his tomb, demanding to be honoured with a new offering. Polyxena was, in consequenec, torn from Hecuba and immolated by Neoptolemus on the grave of his sire. The grief of the mother was increased by the sight of the dead body of her son Polydorus, washed upon the shore, who had been cruelly slain by Polymestor, king of Thrace, to whose care Priam had consigned him. Bent on revenge, Hecuba managed, by artifice, to get Polymestor and his two children in her power, and, by the aid of her fellow-captives, she effected the murder of his sons, and then put out the eyes of the father. (Vid. Polydorus, Polymestor.) This act drew upon her the vengeance of the Thracians: they assailed her with darts and showers of stones; and, in the act of biting a stone with impotent rage, she was suddenly metamorphosed into a dog. (Ovid, Met., 13, 429, seqq.)-Hyginus says, that she threw herself into the sea (fab. 111), while Servius states, that she was changed into a dog when on the point of casting herself into the waters. (ad Æn., 3, 6.-Consult Schol. ad Eurip., Hec., 1259.-Tzelz., Chil., 111, 74.Schol. ad Juv., Sat., 10, 271.-Plaut., Menæch., 1. Heyne, ad Apollod., 3, 12, 5.) HECTOR, Son of Priam and Hecuba, was the most valiant of all the Trojan chiefs that fought against the Greeks. He married Andromache, daughter of Eetion, by whom he became the father of Astyanax. Hector was appointed commander of all the Trojan forces, and for a long period proved the hulwark of his native city. He was not only the bravest and most powerful, but also the most amiable, of his countrymen, and particularly distinguished himself in his conflicts with Ajax, Diomede, and many other of the most formidable leaders. The fates had decreed that Troy should never be destroyed as long as Hector lived. The Greeks, therefore, after the death of Patroclus, who had fallen by Hector's hand, made a powerful effort under the command of Achilles; and, by the intervention of Minerva, who assumed the form of Deiphobus, and urged Hector to encounter the Grecian chief, contrary to the remonstrances of Priam and Hecuba, their effort was crowned with success. Hector fell, and his death accomplished the overthrow of his father's kingdom. The dead body of the Trojan warrior was attached to the chariot of Achilles, and insultingly dragged away to the Grecian fleet; and thrice every day, for the space of twelve days, was it also dragged by the victor around the tomb of Patroclus. (Il., 22, 399, seqq.— Ib., 24, 14, seqq.) During all this time, the corpse of Hector was shielded from dogs and birds, and preserved from corruption, by the united care of Venus and Apollo. (Il., 23, 185, seqq.) The body was at last ransomed by Priam, who went in person, for this-Schöll, Gesch. Griech. Lit., vol. 1, p. 269, 290.) purpose, to the tent of Achilles. Splendid obsequies were rendered to the deceased, and with these the action of the Iliad terminates.-Virgil makes Achilles to have dragged the corpse of Hector thrice round the walls of Troy. (En., 1, 483.) Homer, however, is silent on this point. According to the latter, Hector fled thrice round the city-walls before engaging with Achilles; and, after he was slain, his body was immediately attached to the car of the victor, and dragged away to the ships. (П., 22, 399.) The incident, therefore, alluded to by Virgil must have been borrowed from some one of the Cyclic bards, or some tragic poet, for these, it is well known, allowed themselves great license in diversifying and altering the features of the ancient heroic legends. (Heyne, Excurs.. 18, ad Virg, En., 1.-Wernsdorff, ad Epit. Il. in Poet. Lat. Min., vol. 4, p. 742.) HECUBA ('Ekábŋ), daughter of Dymas, a Phrygian prince, or, according to others, of Cisseus, a Thracian king, while others, again, made her the daughter of the river-god Sangarius and Metope, was the second wife of Priam, king of Troy. (Apollod., 3, 12, 6.) She bore him nineteen children (Il., 24, 496), of whom the chief were Hector, Paris, Deïphobus, Helenus, Troïlus, Polites, Polydorus, Cassandra, Creusa, and Polyxena. When she was pregnant of Paris, she dreamed that she brought into the world a burning torch, which re HEGEMON, a native of Thasos, and author of satyric dramas in the age of Alcibiades. This distinguished individual was his friend, and managed to get him freed from an accusation that had been brought against him. A piece of this poet, entitled Gigantomachia, was getting represented when the news arrived of the defeat of Nicias in Sicily. This Hegemon bore the appellation of Phace (paкñ, “a lentil"), conferred on him as a nickname. He wrote also a comedy entitled Philinna. (Böckh, Staatsh. der Athener, vol. 1, p. 435. HEGESIANAX, a Greek writer, a native of Alexandrea-Troas, and contemporary with Antiochus the Great, by whom he was patronised. He was the author of an historical work; and indulged also in poetic composition, having written a poem entitled rù Tpwiká, Trojan Affairs." Some ascribed to him the "Cyprian Epic." He was likewise a writer of tragedies; and, according to Athenæus, from whom all these particulars are obtained, was also a tragic actor, having improved and strengthened his voice, which was naturally weak, by abstaining for eighteen years from eating figs. (Athen., 3, p. 80, d.—Id., 4, p. 155, b.—Id., 9, p. 393, d.) HEGESIAS, I. a Cyclic poet, born at Salamis, in the island of Cyprus, and, according to some, the author of the Cyprian Epic. (Vid. Stasinus.)—II. A native of Magnesia, who wrote an historical work on the companions in arms of Alexander the Great. His style was loaded with puerile ornaments, and betrayed a total want of taste. (Dion. Hal., de Struct. Orat., c. 18.) He wrote also some discourses, which are lost. The ancients regarded him as the parent of that species of eloquence denominated the Asiatic, which had taken the place of the simple and elegant Attic. (Compare Quintil., Inst. Or., 12, 10.)-III. A philosopher, surnamed Пetodávatos, or “ Advocate of Death." He pushed the principles of the Cyrenaïc sect, to |