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sar (B. G. 6, 32), which he places nearer the Rhine. (Mannert, 2, 200.)

ADUATUCI OF ADUATICI, a German nation, who originally formed a part of the great invading army of the Teutones and Cimbri. They were left behind in Gaul, to guard a part of the baggage, and finally settled there. Their territory extended from the Scaldis, or Scheld, eastward as far as Mosa Pons, or Mastricht. (Mannert, 2, 199.)

But

[ of their father. (Dorotheus, apud Plut. Parall. 25, 277, W.-Heyne, ad Apollod. 12, 6, 6.) Telamon took refuge at the court of Cychreus of Salamis, Peleus retired to Phthia in Thessaly. (Apollod. l. c Pherecyd. apud Tzetz. in Lycophr. v. 175.) From Peleus came Achilles, from Telamon Ajax. Achilles was the father of Pyrrhus, from whom came the line of the kings of Epirus. From Teucer, the brother of Ajax, were descended the princes of Cyprus; while ADULIS, called by Pliny (6, 29) Oppidum Adulita- from Ajax himself came some of the most illustrious rum, the principal commercial city along the coast of Athenian families. (Müller, Eginet., p. 23.)-II. Ethiopia. It was founded by fugitive slaves from The son of Arymbas, king of Epirus, succeeded to the Egypt, but fell subsequently under the power of the throne on the death of his cousin Alexander, who was neighbouring kingdom of Auxume. Ptolemy writes slain in Italy. (Livy, 28, 24.) Eacides married the name 'Adovan, Strabo 'Adovei, and Stephanus Phthia, the daughter of Menon of Pharsalus, by whom Byzantinus Adoviç. Adulis has become remarkable he had the celebrated Pyrrhus, and two daughters, on account of the two Greek inscriptions found in it. Deïdamea and Troias. În B.C. 317, he assisted PoCosmas Indicopleustes, as he is commonly called, was lysperchon in restoring Olympias and the young Alexthe first who gave an account of them (l. 2, p. 140, ander, who was then only five years old, to Macedonia. apud Montfauc.). One is on a kind of throne, or rather In the following year he marched to the assistance of armchair, of white marble, the other on a tablet of Olympias, who was hard pressed by Cassander. touchstone (anò Bacavirov Zíðov), erected behind the the Epirotes disliked the service, rose against Æacithrone. Cosmas gives copies of both, and his MS.des, and drove him from his kingdom. Pyrrhus, who has also a drawing of the throne or chair itself. The was then only two years old, was with difficulty saved inscription on the tablet relates to Ptolemy Euergetes, from destruction by some faithful servants. But, beand his conquests in Asia Minor, Thrace, and Upper coming tired of the Macedonian rule, the Epirotes reAsia. It is imperfect, however, towards the end; al- called Eacides in B.C. 313. Cassander immediately though, if the account of Cosmas be correct, the part sent an army against him under Philip, who conquerof the stone which was broken off was not large, and, ed him the same year in two battles, in the last of consequently, but a small part of the inscription was which he was killed. (Pausan. 1, 11.) lost. Cosmas and his coadjutor Menas believed that EXCUS. Vid. Supplement. the other inscription, which was to be found on the throne or chair, would be the continuation of the former, and therefore give it as such. It was reserved for Salt and Buttmann to prove, that the inscription on the tablet alone related to Ptolemy, and that the one on the throne or chair was of much more recent origin, probably as late as the second or third century, and made by some native prince in imitation of the former. | One of the principal arguments by which they arrive at this conclusion is, that the inscription on the throne speaks of conquests in Ethiopia which none of the Ptolemies ever made. (Museum der Alterthums- Wissenschaft, vol. 2, p. 105, seqq.)

ADYRMACHIDÆ, a maritime people of Africa, near Egypt. Ptolemy (lib. 4, c. 5) calls them Adyrmachites, but Herodotus (4, 168), Pliny (5, 6), and Silius Italicus (3, 279), make the name to be Adyrinachida ('Advpuaxidai). Hence, as Larcher observes (Histoire d'Herodote, vol. 8, p. 10, Table Geogr.), the text of Ptolemy ought to be corrected by these authorities. The Adyrmachida were driven into the interior of the country when the Greeks began to settle along the

coast.

EA, the city of king Æetes, said to have been situate on the river Phasis in Colchis. The most probable opinion is, that it existed only in the imaginations of the poets. (Mannert, 4, 397.)

EXCES, a tyrant of Samos. deprived of his tyranny by Aristagoras, B.C. 500. He fled to the Persians, and induced the Samians to abandon the other Ionians in the sea-fight with the Persians. He was restored by the Persians in the year B.C. 494. (Herodotus, 4, 138.)

EEA, a name given to Circe, because born at Ea. (Virg. Æn. 3, 386.)

ANTEUM, a small settlement on the coast of Troas, near the promontory of Rhoteum. It was founded by the Rhodians, and was remarkable for containing the tomb of Ajax, and a temple dedicated to his memory. The old statue of the hero was carried away by Antony to Egypt, but was restored by Augustus. (Strabo, 595.) In Pliny's time this place had ceased to ex-. ist, as may be inferred from his expression, "Fuit et Eanteum" (5, 30). Mannert asserts, that Lechevalier is wrong, in placing the mound of Ajax on the summit of the hill by Intepe.

ANTIDES, I. one of the Tragic Pleiades. (Vid. Alexandrina Schola.) He lived in the time of the second Ptolemy. -II. The tyrant of Lampsacus, to whom Hippias gave his daughter Archedice.

EAS, a river of Epirus, thought to be the modern Vajussa, falling into the Ionian Sea. Isaac Vossius, in his commentary on Pomponius Mela (2, 3, extr.), charges Ovid with an error in geography, in making this river fall into the Peneus (Met. 1, 577). But Vossius was wrong himself in making the verb conveniunt, as used by Ovid, in the passage in question, equivalent to ingrediuntur. Ovid only means that the deities of the river mentioned by him met together in the cave of the Peneus.

EDEPSUS, a town of Euboea in the district Histiæotis, famed for its hot baths, which even at the present day are the most celebrated in Greece. The modern name of the place is Dipso. But, according to Sibthorpe (Walpole's Coll., vol. 2, p. 71), Lipso. In Plutarch (Sympos. 4, 4), this place is called Galepsus EACINES, I. a patronymic of the descendants of Æa- (Túλmpoç), which many regard as an error of the copycus, such as Achilles, Peleus, Pyrrhus, &c. (Virg.ists. If the modern name as given by Sibthorpe be En. 1, 99, &c.) The line of the Eacide is given as follows: Eacus became the father of Telamon and Peleus by his wife Endeis. (Tzetzes, ad Lycophr. v. 175, calls her Deis, Aniç.) From the Nereid Psamathe was born to him Phocus (Hesiod. Theog. 1003, EDESIUS, a Cappadocian, called a Platonic, or perseqq.), whom he preferred to his other sons, and who haps, more correctly, an Eclectic philosopher, who livbecame more conspicuous in gymnastic and naval ex-ed in the 4th century, and was the friend and most ercises than either Telamon or Peleus. (Müller, distinguished scholar of Iamblichus. After the death Eginet., p. 22.) Phocus was, in consequence, slain of his master, the school of Syria was dispersed, and by his brothers, who thereupon fled from the vengeance desius, fearing the real or fancied hostility of the

correct, it appears more likely that Lipso is a corrup-
tion of Galepsus, and that the latter was only another
name for the place, and no error.
ÆDĚSIA. Vid. Supplement.

EGEON, I. one of the fifty sons of Lycaon, whom Jupiter siew. (Apollod. 3, 8, 1.)—II. A giant, son of Uranus by Gæa. (Vid. Supplement.)

Christian emperor Constantine to philosophy, took ref- | islands of the Ægean Sea. (Statius, Thebaïs, 8, 4, uge in divination. An oracle in hexameter verse rep-7, 8.) resented a pastoral life as his only retreat; but his disciples, perhaps calming his fears by a metaphorical interpretation, compelled him to resume his instructions. He settled at Pergamus, where he numbered among his pupils the Emperor Julian. After the accession of the latter to the imperial purple, he invited Edesius to continue his instructions, but the latter, being unequal to the task through age, sent in his stead Chrysanthes and Eusebius, his disciples. (Eunap. Vit. Edes.) EDESSA. Vid. Edessa. AEDON. Vid. Philomela.

ÆDor, a powerful nation of Gaul. Their confederation embraced all the tract of country comprehended between the Allier, the middle Loire, and the Saône, and extending a little beyond this river towards the south. The proper capital was Bibracte, and the second city in importance Noviodunum. The political influence of the Edui extended over the Mandubes or Mandubii, whose chief city Alesia traced its origin to the most ancient periods of Gaul, and passed for a work of the Tyrian Hercules. (Diod. Sic. 4, 19.) This same influence reached also the Ambarri, the Insubres, and the Segusiani. The Bituriges themselves, who had been previously one of the most flourishing nations of Gaul, were held by the Edui in a condition approaching that of subjects. (Thierry, Histoire des Gaulois, 2, 31.) When Cæsar came into Gaul, he found that the Ædui, after having long contended with the Arverni and Sequani for the supremacy in Gaul, had been (vercome by the two latter, who called in Ariovistus and the Germans to their aid. The arrival of the Roman commander soon changed the aspect of affairs, and the Edui were restored by the Roman arms to the chief power in the country. They became, of course, valuable allies for Cæsar in his Gallic conquests. Eventually, however, they embraced the party of Vercingetorix against Rome; but, when ⚫the insurrection was quelled, they were still favourably treated on account of their former services. (Cas. B. G. 1, 31, seqq.)

EGEUM MARE, that part of the Mediterranean lying between Greece and Asia Minor. It is now called the Archipelago, which modern appellation appears to be a corruption of Egio Pelago, itself a modern Greek form for Alyaïov néhayos. Various etymologies are given for the ancient name. The most common is that which deduces it from Egens, father of Theseus; the most plausible is that which derives it from Egæ in Euboea. (Strab. 386.) In all proba bility, however, neither is correct. The Ægean was accounted particularly stormy and dangerous to navigators, whence the proverb Tov Alyaïov nhei (scil. Kóλrov). (Erasm. Chil. Col. 632.)

EGEUS, a surname of Neptune, given him as an appellation to denote the god of the waves. Compare Mülier, Geschichte, &c. (Die Dorier), vol. 2, p. 238,

in notis.

EGALEOS, a mountain of Attica, from the summit of which Xerxes beheld the battle of Salamis. (Herod. 8, 90.) According to Thucydides (2, 19), it was situate to the left of the road from Athens to Eleusis. Mount Egaleos seems indeed to be a continuation of Corydallus, stretching northward into the interior of Attica. The modern name is Skaramanga. (Cramer's Greece, 2, 355.)

EGATES, or Æguse, three islands off the western extremity of Sicily, between Drepana and Lilybæum. The name Ægusa (Alyovoa) properly belonged to but one of the number. As this, however, was the principal and most fertile one (now Favignana), the appellation became a common one for all three. The Romans corrupted the name into Egades. (Mela, 2, 7.—Florus, 2, 2.) Livy, however (21, 10, &c.), uses the form Ægates. The northernmost of these islands is called by Ptolemy Phorbantia (Popɓavría), i. e., the pasture-island, which the Latin writers translate by Bucina, i. e., Oxen-isiand, it being probably ÆETA, or ÆETES, king of Colchis, son of Sol, and uninhabited, and used only for pasturing cattle. This Perseis, the daughter of Oceanus, was father of Medea, island is very rocky, and bears in modern times the Absyrtus, and Chalciope, by Idyia, one of the Oceani- name of Levanzo. The third and westernmost island des. He killed Phryxus, son of Athamas, who had was called Hiera ('Iɛpú), which Pliny converts into fled to his court on a golden ram. This murder he Hieronesus, i. e., Sacred island. At a later period, committed to obtain the fleece of the golden ram. The however, the Romans changed the name into Mariti Argonauts came against Colchis, and recovered the ma, as it lay the farthest out to sea. Under this apgolden fleece by means of Medea, though it was guard- pellation the Itin. Marit. (p. 492) makes mention of ed by bulls that breathed fire, and by a venomous drag- it, but errs in giving the distance from Lilybæum as (Vid. Jason, Medea, and Phryxus.) He was 300 stadia, a computation which is much too large. afterward, according to Apollodorus, deprived of his The modern name is Maretimo. Off these islands the kingdom by his brother Perses, but was restored to it Roman fleet, under Lutatius Catulus, obtained a deby Medea, who had returned from Greece to Colchis.cisive victory over that of the Carthaginians, and which (Apollod. 1, 9, 28.-Heyne, ad Apollod. I. c.-Or. put an end to the first Punic war. (Liv. 21, 10.—Id. Met. 7. 11, seqq., &c.) ibid. 41.-Id. 22, 54.)

on.

ÆETIAS, ÆETIS, and EETINE, patronymic forms from EETES, used by Roman poets to designate his daughter Medea. (Ovid, Met. 7, 9, 296.)

EGA. Vid. Supplement.

EGESTA, an ancient city of Sicily, in the western extremity of the island, near Mount Eryx. The Greek writers name it, at one time Ægesta (Alyɛora), at another Egesta ("Eyɛσ7а). The cause of this slight vaEGE, I. a small town on the western coast of riation would seem to have been, that the city was one Euboea, southeast of Edepsus. It contained a tem- not of Greek origin, and that the name was written ple sacred to Neptune, and was supposed to have giv- from hearing it pronounced. In a later age, when the en name to the Egean. (Strab. 386.)-II. A city inhabitants attached themselves to the Roman power, of Macedonia, the same with Edessa.-III. A town they called their city Segesta, and themselves Segesof Achaia, near the mouth of the Crathis. It appears tani, according to Festus (s. v. Segesta), who states, to have been abandoned eventually by its inhabitants, that the alteration was made to obviate an improper who retired to Egira. The cause of their removal is ambiguity in the term. (Præposita est ei S. litera ne not known. (Strabo, 386.)—IV. A town and sea-obsceno nomine appellaretur.) It is more probable, port of Cilicia Campestris, at the mouth of the Pyramus, and on the upper shore of the Sinus Issicus. The modern village of Ayas occupies its site. (Strab. 676.-Plin. 5, 27.--Lucan, 3, 225.)

EGEA, I. a city of Mauritania Casariensis. (Ptol) -II. A surname of Venus, from her worship in the

however, that the Romans caused it to be done on account of the ill-omened analogy in sound between Ægesta or Egesta, and the Latin term egestas, “want.” Thucydides (6, 2) states, that after the destruction of Troy, a body of the fugitives found their way to this quarter, and, uniting with the Sicani, whom they

already mentioned, accompanied them to Sicily, and there became united to the object of his affection. The offspring of this union was Ægestes. (Dion. Hal. 1, 52.) Both accounts, of course, are purely fabulous. In accordance, however, with the popular legend respecting him, Virgil makes Ægestes, whom he calls, as already stated, Acestes, to have given Eneas a hospitable reception, when the latter, as the poet fables, visited Sicily in the course of his wander. ings. (Vid. Ægesta.)

EGEUS, I. a king of Athens, son of Pandion. His legitimacy, however, was disputed; and when, after the death of Pandion, he entered Attica at the head of an army, and recovered his patrimony, he was still the object of jealousy to his three brothers, although he shared his newly-acquired power with them. As he

found settled here, formed with them one people, under the name of Elymi. In the course of time their numbers were still farther increased by the junction of some wandering Achæi. This seems to have been the generally-received idea among the Greeks, respecting the origin of the Elymi and Egestai. Its improbability, however, is apparent even at first view. When the Romans became masters of these parts, after the first Punic war, they readily adopted the current tradition respecting the people of gesta, as well as the idea of an affinity, through the line of Æneas, between themselves and the latter, and the legend is interwoven also with the subject of the Æneid (5, 36, seqq.-Vid. Egestes). From the circumstance of the Romans having recognised the affinity of the Ægesteans to themselves, we find them styled, in the Duilian inscription," the kinsmen of the Roman people." COC-was long childless, they began to cast a wishful eye NATI P. R. (Ciacconius, de Col. Rostr. Duil., Lugd. towards his inheritance. But a mysterious oracle Bat. 1597.) Cicero, too (in Verrem. 4, 33), adopts brought him to Trazene, where fate had decreed that the current tradition of the day. Whatever our opin- the future hero of Athens should be born. Æthra, the ion may be relative to the various details of these le- daughter of the sage King Pittheus, son of Pelops, gends, one thing at least very clearly appears, which was his mother, but the Trazenian legend called Nepis, that gesta was not of Grecian origin. Thucyd- tune, not Ægeus, his father. Egeus, however, reides (7, 58), in enumerating the allies of Syracuse, turned to Athens, with the hope that, in the course of speaks of the people of Himera as forming the only years, he should be followed by a legitimate heir. At Grecian settlement on the northern coast of Sicily; parting he showed thra a huge mass of rock, under and in another part (7, 57), expressly classes the which he had hidden a sword and a pair of sandals: Egestæans among Barbarians (Bapbúpan 'Eyeoтało). when her child, if a boy, should be able to lift the stone, The origin of Egesta, therefore, may fairly be as he was to repair to Athens with the tokens it concribed to a branch of the Pelasgic race, the Trojans cealed, and to claim Ægeus as his father. From this themselves being of the same stock. (Vid. Æneas.) deposite, Athra gave her son the name of Theseus Previous to the arrival of the Romans in Sicily, the (Oŋoeúc, from dew, Vnow, to deposite or place). When Egestæans were engaged in a long contest with the Theseus had grown up and been acknowledged by his inhabitants of Selinus. Finding themselves, however, father (vid. Theseus), he freed the latter from the cruel the weaker party, they solicited and obtained the aid tribute imposed by Minos (vid. Minotaurus); but, on of Athens. The unfortunate issue of the Athenian his return from Crete, forgot to hoist the white sails, expedition against Syracuse, compelled the Ægestæ- the preconcerted signal of success, and Egeus, thinkans to look for new allies in the Carthaginians. These ing his son had perished, threw himself from a high came to their aid, and Selinus fell; but Egesta also rock into the sea. (Apollod. 3, 15, 5, seqq.-Plut. shared its fate, and the city remained under this new Vit. Thes., &c.) The whole narrative respecting control, until, for the purpose of regaining its freedom, Egeus is a figurative legend. He is the same as it espoused the cause of Agathocles. The change, Neptune; his name Alyaios, indicating “the god of however, was for the worse; and the tyrant, offended the waves," from alyeç, the waves of the sea, and at their unwillingness to contribute supplies, murdered hence the Trazenian legend makes Neptune at once a part of the inhabitants, drove the rest into exile, and to have been the father of Theseus. Theseus himself, changed the name of the city to Dicæopolis, settling in moreover, appears to be nothing more than a mythic it at the same time a body of deserters that had come personage. He is merely the type of the establishment over to him. (Polyb. 20, 71.) The death of Agatho- of the worship of Neptune (Onσevç, from déw, dhow, to cles very probably restored the old name, and brought place or establish). Even his mother's name, Ethra, back the surviving part of the former inhabitants, since would seem to allude figuratively to the pure, clear atwe find the appellation Ægesta reappearing in the mosphere of religious worship connected with the rites first Punic war (Polyb. 1, 24), and since the Egestæ- of Neptune, when firmly established. (Al@pa, i. e., ans, during that same conflict, after slaughtering a Car- al0pa, pure, clear air.) So, also, the contest between thaginian garrison which had been placed within their Theseus and the Pallantides (vid. Pallantides), would walls, were able to declare themselves the kinsmen of seem to be nothing more than a religious contest bethe Roman people. (Zonaras, 8, 4.) It was this pre-tween the rival systems of Neptune and Minerva. tended affinity between the two communities that preserved gesta from oblivion after it had fallen beneath the Roman sway, and we find Pliny (3, 8) naming the inhabitants among the number of those who enjoyed the jus Latinum. The ruins of the place are found, at the present day, near the modern Alcamo. (Mannert, 9, 2, 393, seqq.-Hoare's Classical Tour, 2, 61.)

The worship of Neptune prevailed originally in the Ionian cities (Müller, Dorians, 1, 266), and the legend of Theseus is an Ionian one; whereas the worship of Minerva, at Athens, dates back to the time of Cecrops.-II. An eponymic hero at Sparta, son of Æolicus. (Vid. Supplement.)

EGIALEA, I. according to the common account, a daughter of Adrastus, but more probably the daughter EGESTES, Egestus, or, as Virgil writes it, Acestes, of his son Ægialeus. (Heyne, ad Apollod. 1, 86.) a son of the river-god Crimisus, by a Trojan mother, She was the wife of Diomede, and is said to have been according to one account, while another makes both guilty of the grossest incontinence during her husband's his parents to have been of Trojan origin. Laomedon, absence in the Trojan war. (Apollod. l. c.—Ov. Ib. it seems, had given the daughters of a distinguished 350, &c.) The beautiful passage in the Iliad, howperson among his subjects to certain Sicilian mariners, ever (5, 412, seqq.), where mention is made of her, to carry away and expose to wild beasts They were strongly countenances the idea that the story of her brought to Sicily, where the god of the Crinisus uni-improper conduct is a mere posthomeric or cyclic fable. ted himself to one of them, and became father of Eges--II. An island of the Egean, between Cythera tes. This is the first account just alluded to. The and Crete, now Cerigotto. Bondelmonti (Ins. Arch. other one is as follows: A young Trojan, of noble 10, 65) calls it Sichilus or Sequins, a corruption, birth, being enar aoured of one of the three females probably, from the modern Greck eiç Alyviav. (De

Sinner, ad loc.)-III. The earliest name for the country along the northern shore of the Peloponnesus. (Vid. Achaia, III.)

EGIALEUS, Son of Adrastus, by Amphithea, daughter of Pronax, and a member of the expedition led by the Epigoni against Thebes. He was the only leader slain in this war, as his father had been the only one that survived the previous contest. (Vid. Epigoni.) Compare the scholiast, ad Pina. Pyth. 8, 68.

EGIDES, a patronymic of Theseus. (Homer, Il. 1, 265.)

ÆGILA, a town in Laconia, where Ceres had a temple. Aristomenes, the Messenian leader, endeavoured on one occasion to seize a party of Laconian females who were celebrating here the rites of the goddess. The attempt failed, through the courageous resistance of the women, and Aristomenes himself was taken prisoner. He was released, however, the same night, by Archidamea, the priestess of Ceres, who had before this cherished an affection for him. She pretended that he had burned off his bonds, by moving himself up towards the fire, and remaining near enough to have them consumed. (Paus. 4, 17.)

EGIMIUS, a king of the Dorians, reigning at the time in Thessaly, near the range of Pindus. (Heyne, ad Apollod. 2, 7, 7.) He aided Hercules, according to the Doric legend, in his contest with the Lapithæ, and received, as a reward, the territory from which they were driven. (Apollod. l. c.) Ægimius is a conspicuous name among the founders of the Doric line, and mention is made by the ancient writers of an epic poem, entitled Alyiutos, which is ascribed by some to Hesiod, by others to Cecrops the Milesian. (Heyne, 1. c.) The posterity of Egimius formed part of the expedition against the Peloponnesus, and the Doric institutions of Ægimius are spoken of by Pindar (Pyth. 1, 124), as forming the rule or model of government for the Doric race. (Compare Müller, Dorians, vol. 2, p. 12.)

EGIMURUS, a small island in the Gulf of Carthage. There were two rocks near this island, called Are Egimuri, which were so named, because the Romans and Carthaginians concluded a treaty on them. The modern Zowamoore is the Ægimurus of antiquity.

EGIMUS. Vid. Supplement.

money for the purposes of commerce, and used regu¡lar measures, a tradition which, though no doubt untrue, still points very clearly to their early commercial habits. (Strabo, 375.—Elian, Var. Hist. 12, 10.— Vid. Phidon.) It is more than probable, that their commercial relations caused the people of Egina to be increased by colonies from abroad, and Strabo expressly mentions Cretans among the foreign inhabitants who had settled there. After the return of the Heraclidæ, this island received a Dorian colony from Epidaurus (Pausan. 2, 29.-Tzetz. ad Lyc. 176), and from this period the Dorians gradually gained the ascendency in it, until at last it became entirely Doric, both in language and form of government. Ægina, for a time, was the maritime rival of Athens, and the competition eventually terminated in open hostilities, in which the Athenians were only able to obtain advantages by the aid of the Corinthians, and by means of intestine divisions among their opponents. (Herod. 8, 46, and 5, 83.) When Darius sent deputies into Greece to demand earth and water, the people of Ægina, partly from hatred towards the Athenians, and partly from a wish to protect their extensive commerce along the coasts of the Persian monarchy, gave these tokens of submission. (Herod. 6, 49.) For this conduct they were punished by the Spartans. In the war with Xerxes, therefore, they sided with their countrymen, and acted so brave a part in the battle of Salamis as to be able to contest the prize of valour with the Athenians themselves, and to bear it off, as well by the universal suffrages of the confederate Greeks (Herod. 8, 93), as by the declaration of the Pythian oracle. (Id. ibid. 122: compare Plut. Vit. Themist.) After the termination of the Persian war, however, the strength of Athens proved too great for them. Their fleet of seventy sail was annihilated in a sea-fight by Pericles, and many of the inhabitants were driven from the island, while the remainder were reduced to the condition of tributaries. The fugitives settled at Thyrea in Cynuria, under the protection of Sparta (Thucyd. 1, 105, and 108.-Id. 2, 27-Id. 4, 57), and it was not until after the battle of Ægos Potamos, and the fall of Athens, that they were able to regain possession of their native island. (Xen. Hist. Gr. 2, 2, 5.-Strabo, 8, p. 376.) They never attained, however, to their former prosperity. The situation of Ægina made it subsequently a prize for each succeeding conqueror, until at last it totally disappeared from history. In modern times the island nearly retains its ancient name, being called Egina, or with a slight corruption Engia, and is represented by travellers as being beautiful, fertile, and well cultivated. As far back as the time of Pausanias, the ancient city would appear to have been in ruins. That writer makes mention of some temples that were standing, and of the large theatre built after the model of that in Epidaurus. The most remarkable remnant of antiquity which this island can boast of at the present day, is the temple of Jupiter Panhellenius, situated on a mount of the same name, about four hours' distance from the port, and which is supposed to be one of the most ancient temples in Greece, and one of the oldest specimens of the Doric style of architecture. Mr. Dodwell pronounces it the most picturesque and interesting ruin in Greece. For a full account of the Ægina marbles, consult Quarterly Journal of Sciences, No. 12, p. 327, seqq., and No. 14, p. 229, seqq.

ÆGINA, I. a daugnter of the river Asopus, carried away by Jupiter, under the form of an eagle, from Phlius to the island of Enone. (Compare Spanheim, ad Callim. Hymn. in Del. v. 77.-Heyne, ad Apollod. 3, 12, 6-Sturz, ad Hellanic., p. 50.-Id. ad Pherecyd., p. 178.) She gave her name to the island. Some authorities make Jupiter to have assumed, on this occasion, the appearance of a flame of fire; but this evidently is corrupted from another part of the same fable, which states that Asopus was struck with thunder by the god for presuming to pursue him. (Apollod. 3, 12, 6.) The Asopus here alluded to, is the Sicyonian stream which flowed by the walls of Phlius. It must not be confounded with the Baotian river of the same name. (Compare Pindar, Nem. 9, 9.—Aristarch. ad N. 3, 1. -Pausan. 2, 5, 2.)-II. An island in the Sinus Saronicus, near the coast of Argolis. The earliest accounts given by the Greeks make it to have been originally uninhabited, and to have been called, while in this state, by the name of Enone; for such is evidently the mening of the fable, which states, that Jupiter, in ord to gratify acus, who was alone there, changed a swarm of ants into men, and thus peopled EGINETA PAULUS, I. or Paul of Egina, a celethe island. (Vid. Eacus, Myrmidones, and compare brated Greek physician, born in the island of Ægina. Pausan. 2, 29, and Apollod. 3, 12, 7.) It afterward He appears to have lived, not in the fourth century, as took the name of Ægina, from the daughter of the René Moreau and Daniel Leclerc (Clericus) have asAsopus. (Vid. Egina, I.) But, whoever may have serted, but in the time of the conquests of the Calif been the earliest settlers on the island, it is evident Omar, and, consequently, in the seventh century. We that its stony and unproductive soil must have driven have very few particulars of his life handed down to them at an early period to engage in maritime affairs.us. We know merely that he pursued his medical Hence they are said to have been the first who coined studies at Alexandrea some time before the taking of

tion in this, as the harbour lay, not directly north, but northeast from the city. In the middle ages, Ægira took the name of Votstitza. (Georg. Phranza, 2, 9.) It is now Vostica, a deserted place to the east of Vostitza, the ancient Ægium. (Mannert, Geogr., vol. 8, p. 396.)

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this city by Amrou, and that, for the purpose of adding to his stock of professional knowledge, he travelled no: only through all Greece, but likewise in other countries. Paul of Egina closes the list of the classic Greek physicians, for after him the healing art fell, like so many others, into neglect and barbarism, and did not regain any portion of its former honours until towards Gis, the shield of Jupiter, made for him by Vulthe twelfth century. As Paul made himself very able can (Il. 15, 310), and borne also by Apollo (1. 15, 229) in surgery, and displayed great skill also in accouche- and Minerva (5, 738). It inspired terror and dismay, ments, the Arabians testified their esteem for him by and, by its movements, darkness, clouds, thunder and styling him the accoucheur. Though he cannot be lightning were collected. (Il. 17, 594.) Hence, in regarded as altogether original, since he abridged Ga- later poets, it has also the meaning of a storm or hurrilen, and obtained many materials from Aëtius and cane. (Esch. Choëph. 584.-Eurip. Imm, 996.) AcOribasus, yet he frequently lays down opinions of his cording to some, Minerva had an agis of her own, disown, differing from those of Galen, and more than once tinct from Jupiter's, and she placed in the centre of it has the courage to refute the positions of Hippocrates. the head of Medusa; but the Gorgon's head appears His descriptions of maladies are short and succinct, also on Jupiter's shield. (Eustath. ad I. 5, 741.—. but exact and complete. He frequently assumes, as Heyne, ad Apollod. 2, 43.) As Minerva typifies the the basis of his explanations, the Galenian theory of mind or wisdom of Jove, there is a peculiar proprietv the cardinal humours. It is in surgery particularly in her wielding the same agis with her great parent.that Paul of Ægina appears to advantage, not only be- The etymology of the term aiyiç is disputed. The cause he had acquired more experience than any other common derivation makes it come from ais, alyós, Greek physician in this branch of his art, but also be-"a goat," and to have been so named from its being cause he does not servilely copy his predecessors. In covered with the skin of the goat that had suckled the this respect some authors place him by the side of infant Jove. This derivation, however, appears to be Celsus, and on certain points even give him the pref-based entirely on an accidental resemblance between erence. One of the most curious chapters in that aiyiç and ais, aiyós, and is evidently the invention of part of his writings which relates to surgery, is the one later writers and fabulists. The true etymology is which treats of the various kinds of arrows used among from disow, dižw, “to move rapidly,' ""to rush," the ancients, and of the wounds inflicted by them. arouse," &c., and comports far better with the idea The work of this physician, which has come down to of brandishing to and fro a terror-inspiring shield.-us, is entitled An Abridgment of All Medicine, and The meaning of a coat of mail, or, rather, leathern consists of seven books, compiled from the writings tunic, with or without plates of metal, belongs to anof the more ancient physicians, with his own observa- other aiyis, which is correctly deduced from ais. tions subjoined. It has passed through many editions, (Compare Herod. 4, 189.) of which the following are the principal ones. ÆGISTHUS, son of Thyestes by his own daughter Greek text merely, Venet. ap. Ald., 1523, and Basil., Pelopea. (Vid. Atreus.) Having been left guardian 1538, fol. This latter edition is much superior to the of Agamemnon's kingdom when that monarch sailed former, as it was corrected by Gemusæus, and contains for Troy, he availed himself of his absence to gain the his learned annotations. Latin editions: Basil., 1532 affections of Clytemnestra his queen, and, when Agand 1546, fol. : Col. Agr., 1534 and 1548, fol. : Paris, amemnon returned from the war, caused him to be 1532, fol.: Venet., 1553 and 1554, 8vo: Lugd., 1562 slain. (Vid. Agamemnon and Clytemnestra.) On and 1567, 8vo. This last is the best of the Latin the death of the monarch he usurped the throne, and editions, since it contains the notes and commenta- reigned seven years, when he was slain, together with ries of Gonthier, D'Andernach, Cornarius, J. Goupil, Clytemnestra, by Orestes, the son of Agamemnon. and Dalechamp. An Arabic edition was published (Vid. Orestes.-Hygin. fab. 87, seq.—-Paus. 2, 16. also by Honain, a celebrated Syrian physician. Parts-Soph. Electr.-—Asch. Agam.—Eurip. Orest., &c.)`' of the work have also been printed separately at various EGITIUM, a town of Atolia, northeast of Naupactimes, and particularly the first book, under the title tus, and about eighty stadia from the sea. It occupied of Præcepta Salubria (Paris, 1510, ap. Henr. Steph., an elevated situation in a mountainous tract of coun4to. Argent., 1511, 4to, &c.). A French translation try. (Thucyd. 3, 97.) Agitium is perhaps Ege of the surgical writings of Paul of gina was given in (Alyai), which Stephanus Byzantinus places in Etolia 1539, from the Lyons press, in 12mo, by Pierre Tolet. EGIUM, a city of Achaia, on the coast of the Sinus The excellent version, however, by F. Adams, Esq., Corinthiacus, and northwest of gira. After the of Banchory-Ternan, Aberdeen, will supersede all submersion of Helice it became the chief place in others. Only one volume has thus far been published. the country, and here the deputies from the states of (Biogr. Univ., vol. 33, p. 186, seqq.-Schöll, Hist. Achaia long held their assemblies, until a law was Lait. Gr., vol. 7, p. 256.)-II. A modeller of Ægina, made by Philopamen, ordaining that each of the federadverted to by Pliny (35, 11). There is some doubt al cities should become in its turn the place of rendezwhether Egineta was his own name, or merely an vous. (Liv. 38, 7, and 30.-Compare Polybius, 2. epithet designating the place of his birth. The former is 54, and 4, 7.) According to Strabo (385, 387), these the more probable opinion, and is advocated by Müller meetings were convened near the town, in a spot call(Egin. 107-Sillig, Dict. Art. s. v.). ed Enarium, where was a grove consecrated to Jupiter. Pausanias (7, 24) aflirms, that in his time the Achæans still collected together at Egium, as the Amphictyons did at Delphi and Thermopyle. According to Strabo, Egium derived its name from the goat (c) which was said to have nourished Jupiter here. The modern town of Vostitza lies in the immediate neighbourhood.

The

AGIOCHUS, or "Egis bearer" (from niyís and Exw), a poetical appellation of Jove. (Vid. Egis.)

EGIPAN, a poctical appellation of Pan, either from his having the legs of a goat, or as the guardian of goats. Plutarch (Parall., p. 311) makes it analogous to the Latin Silvanus.

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EGLE. Vid. Supplement.
EGLEIS. Vid. Supplement.

EGIRA, a city of Achaia, near the coast of the Sinus Corinthiacus, and to the northwest of Pellene. It was a place of some importance, and the population is supposed to have been from 8 to 10,000. Polybias EGLES, a Samian wrestler, born dumb. Seeing (4, 57) makes the distance from the sea seven stadia; some unlawful measures pursued in a contest, which Pausanias, however (7, 26), removes the harbour would deprive him of the prize, his indignation gave twelve stadia from the city. There is no contradic-him on a sudden the powers of utterance which hal

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