his love, and he pined away until Venus changed him | leave her behind and make sail for Athens. While into a river. The Selemnus thereupon, like the Alpheus in the case of Arethusa, sought to blend its waters with those of the fountain Argyra, over which the inconstant nymph presided. According to another legend, however, Venus, again moved with pity, exerted her divine power anew, and caused him to forget Argyra. The waters of the Selemnus became, in consequence, a remedy for love, inducing oblivion on all who bathed Keightley's Mythology, p. 457.-Vollmer, Worin them. (Pausan., 7, 23.)-III. A name given by the ancients to the silver region of the East, and the position of which tract of country varied with the progress of geographical discovery. At first Argyra was an island immediately beyond the mouths of the Indus. When, however, under the first Ptolemies, the navigation of the Greeks extended to the Ganges, the silverisland was placed near this latter stream. Afterward another change took place, and Argyra, now no longer an island, became part of the region occupied in modern times by the kingdom of Arracan. (Ptol., 7, 2.Gossellin, Recherches, &c., vol. 3, p. 280.)

ARGYRIPA, the more ancient name of Arpi. (Vid. Arpi.)

Ariadne was weeping at this abandonment, Venus came and consoled her by the assurance that she should be the bride of Bacchus. The god then presented himself, and gave her a golden crown, which was afterward placed among the stars. She bore him a son named Enopion. (Pherecyd., ap. Sturz., fr. 59.—Ovid, A. A., 1, 527, seqq.-Catull., 64, 76, seqq. terb. der Mythol., p. 309, seqq.)-Ariadne evidently belongs to the mythology of Bacchus, with whom he was associated in the Naxian worship. The Athenians, always ready to enlarge their own narrow cycle at the expense of others, seem to have joined her with their Theseus, and it was thus perhaps that she became the daughter of Minos. The passage in the Odyssey would be decisive on this point, were it not that the Athenians were such tamperers with the works of the old poets, that we cannot help being suspicious of all passages relating to them. The passage of the Iliad in which Ariadne is mentioned is justly regarded as a late addition. (Il., 18, 591.-Knight, ad loc. -Keightley, l. c.)-Creuzer gives a peculiar version to this ancient legend. He sees in Ariadne, as represented in ancient sculpture, now sunk in mournful slumber, and again awakened, joyous, and raised to the skies, an emblem of immortality. But Ariadne, according to the same beautiful conception of her character, is not merely the symbol of consolation in death; the clew in her hand, with which she guided Theseus through the mazes of the labyrinth, ranks her also among the class of the Parcæ. She is Proserpina-Venus. She presides over the death and the birth of our species. She guides the soul through the winding labyrinth of life: she leads it forth again to freedom and a new existence. (Creuzer's Symbolik, vol. 4, p. 116, seqq.)

ARIAUS, an officer in the army of Cyrus the Younger, the next in command to that prince over the Asiatic portion of his forces. After the battle of Cunaxa, the Greeks in the army of Cyrus offered to place him on the throne of Persia, but he declined it, and went over to Artaxerxes with his troops. (Xen., Anab., 1, 8, 3.) The Eton MS. has 'Apioraios (Aristaus) in place of 'Apiaios (Ariaus). The copyist intended, perhaps, to write 'Apidatos (Aridæus), as Diodorus Siculus (14, 22) has it. (Compare Wesseling, ad Diod., l. c., and Sturz., Lex. Xen., vol. 1, p. 395, s. v. 'Apiałos.)

ARIA, the name given to a country of large extent, answering in some degree to the present Khorasin. It comprised several provinces, and was bounded on the west by Media, on the north by Hyrcania and Parthia, on the east by Bactria, and on the south by Carmania and Gedrosia. The capital was Artacoana, now Heral. From Aria, however, in this acceptation of the term, we must carefully distinguish another and much carlier use of the name. In this latter sense the appellation belongs to a region which formed the primitive abode of the Medes and Persians, and very probably of our whole race. It appears to indicate a country where civilization commenced, and where the rites of religion were first instituted. In the Schahnameh it is called Erman (i. e., Ariman), and in the Zend books Irman or Iran (i. e., Arian). Its position would appear to coincide in some degree with that of ancient Bactria, though some writers, Rhode for example, make it include a much wider tract of country. The name of Arii, given to its early inhabitants, is said by Bohlen to be equivalent to the Latin "venerandi," and reminds us (with the change of the liquid into the sibilant) of the far-famed Asi, who play so conspicuous a part in the early Asiatic as well as in the Scandinavian mythology. From these data we may account for the statement of Herodotus (7, 62), that the ARIANTAS, a king of Scythia, who, in order to asMedes were anciently called Arii ("Aptot, or 'Apɛtot). certain the number of the Scythians, commanded each The same writer places in the neighbourhood of Sog- of his subjects, on pain of death, to bring him the diana a people whom he calls Arii ("Apɛtot). Diodo- point of an arrow. So great a number was collected, rus Siculus (1, 94) makes mention of this same people that, resolving to leave a monument of the act, he under the name of Arimaspi ('Apuaσnoi), where we caused a large bowl of brass to be made out of them, ought to read Ariaspi ('Apiaoroi), or else Ariani and dedicated this in a spot of land between the Bo('Apelavoí). He also speaks of their lawgiver Zath-rysthenes and the Hypanis, called Exampæus. (Heraustes, meaning evidently Zoroaster (i. e., Zeretoschtré). Consult on this curious subject the following authorities: Von Hammer (Wien. Jahrb., vol. 9, p. 33)-Ritter (Erdkunde, vol. 2, p. 21, seqq.-Vorhalle, p. 303) Anquetil (Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscr., vol. 31. p. 376)-Bohlen (De Orig. ling. Zend., p. 51)— Bähr (ad Herod., 7, 62).

rodot., 4, 81.)-Ritter ascribes this work to an early
Cimmerian, or Buddhist colony, migrating from India
to the countries of the West. He sees in the name
Ariantas, moreover, a reference to Aria, the early home
of our species, and the native country of the Buddhist
faith. In confirmation of his opinion, he indulges in
some very learned and curious speculations concerning
the early usage, among both Grecks and barbarians,
of consecrating colossal bowls or caldrons to the sun.
(Vorhalle, p. 345, seqq.)

ARIADNE, daughter of Minos, king of Crete, by Pasiphaë. She fell in love with Theseus, and gave him a clew of thread, which enabled him to penetrate the windings of the labyrinth till he came to where the ARIARATHES, a name common to many kings of Minotaur lay, whom he caught by the hair and slew. Cappadocia. They appear to have been originally noAriadne thereupon fled with Theseus from Crete. Ac- thing more than satraps of Persia, and, according to cording to Homer (Od., 11, 323) she was slain by Di- Diodorus, in a passage preserved by Photius (Cod., ana when they had reached the island of Dia or Naxos, 244, p. 1157), were descended from one of the seven on their way to Athens. (Compare Schol. ad loc. as conspirators who slew the false Smerdis. This Perto the reading KTα or toxε.) Another legend, how-sian nobleman was named Anaphus, and his grandson ever, makes her to have been deserted by Theseus on the shores of this same island, Minerva having appeared to him as he slept, and having ordered him to

Datames was the first sovercign of the Cappadocian dynasty. After him and his son Ariamnes, we have a long list of princes, all bearing the name of Ariarathes

for several generations. (Compare Clinton's Fasti cruel and ambitious Laodice. (Justin, l. c.)-VI. Hellenici, vol. 2, Appendix, p. 429.) Although, how-The sixth of the name was the only one of the sons of ever, the governors or satraps of Cappadocia held their Ariarathes V. that escaped the cruelty of his mother government in hereditary succession, and are dignified Laodice. He married the daughter of the celebrated by Diodorus with the title of kings, yet they could Mithradates, which female also bore the name of Laodhave possessed only a precarious and permitted au- ice. Mithradates, however, caused him to be assas thority till the death of Seleucus, the last of the suc- sinated by an illegitimate brother, upon which his cessors of Alexander, in January, B.C. 281, removed widow Laodice gave herself and kingdom to Nithe power by which the whole of western Asia was comedes, king of Bithynia. Mithradates made war commanded. (Clinton, l. c.)-I. The first of the against the new king, and raised his nephew to the name was son of Ariamnes. He had a brother named throne. The young king, who was the seventh of the Holophernes, whom he advanced to the highest offi- name of Ariarathes, made war against the tyrannical ces in the kingdom, and who commanded the auxilia- Mithradates, by whom he was assassinated in the presries that were sent from Cappadocia when Ochus made ence of both armies, and the murderer's son, a child his expedition into Egypt, B.C. 350. Holophernes eight years old, was placed on the vacant throne. acquired great glory in this war, and on his return The Cappadocians revolted, and made the late monhome lived in a private station, leaving two sons at arch's brother, Ariarathes VIII., king; but Mithradates his death, Ariarathes and Aruses. Ariarathes, the expelled him, and restored his own son. The exiled reigning inonarch, having no children of his own, prince died of a broken heart; and Nicomedes of adopted the former of these, who was also the elder of Bithynia brought forward a boy, tutored for the purthe two. Ariarathes was on the throne when Alexan- pose, who he pretended was a third son of Ariarathes der invaded the Persian dominions, and he probably VI. Laodice aided the deception, and the boy was fled with Darius, since we learn from Arrian that the sent to Rome to claim his father's kingdom. The Macedonian prince appointed Sabictas governor of senate, however, caused Ariobarzanes, a man of rank Cappadocia before the battle of Issus. (Exp. Alex., in Cappadocia, to be elected king by the people. 2, 4, 2.) After the death of Alexander, Ariarathes, (Justin, 38, 1.)-VII. The ninth of the name was then at the advanced age of eighty-two, attempted to brother and successor to Ariobarzanes II. (Clinton recover his dominions, but he was defeated by Perdic- makes him his son). He was deposed and put to cas, the Macedonian general, and, being taken, was put death by Antony, in the consulship of Gellius and to a most cruel death. (Diod. Sic., Exc., 18, 10.- Nerva, B.C. 36, after having reigned about six years. Arrian, ap. Phot., Cod., 92, p. 217.)-II. The second Archelaus, son of Glaphyra, was appointed in his stead. of the name was the son of Holophernes, and was (Dio Cass., 49, 32.-Id., 49, 24-Val. Max., 9, 15, adopted by his uncle Ariarathes I. He recovered 2, extern.) Archelaus is called Sicinnes by Appian. Cappadocia after the death of Eumenes, and during (Bell. Civ., 5, 7.-Consult Schweigh., ad loc.) the contest between Antigonus and the other Mace- ARICIA, a city of Latium, a little to the west of donian chiefs. He was aided in the attempt by Ardo- Lanuvium. According to Strabo (239), Aricia was atus, king of Armenia, who furnished him with troops. situated on the Appian Way, but its citadel was placed This Ariarathes transmitted the crown to his son Ari- on the hill above. The origin of this city, which was amnes. (Diod. Sic., ap. Phot., l. c.)—III. The third apparently as ancient as any in Latium, is enveloped of the name was the son of the preceding Ariamnes, in too great a mythological obscurity to be now asand his successor on the throne. Nothing more is re- certained. Some have ascribed its foundation to a corded of him, except that on his death he left a son chief of the Siculi (Solinus, c. 13); others to Hippolyof the same name in his infancy. (Diod. Sic., ap. tus, who, under the name of Virbius, was worshipped Phot., l. c.)-IV. The fourth of the name, son of the in common with Diana in the neighbourhood of this preceding by Stratonice daughter of Antiochus Theos, town. (Virg., En., 7, 774) The name of Aricia ofwas a child at his accession. He married the daugh- ten occurs in the history of Rome, and as early as the ter of Antiochus the Great, a union that involved reign of Tarquinius Superbus. It must have been no him in a political alliance with that sovereign, and mean city to merit the splendid character which Ciceconsequent hostility with the Romans. He was saved ro gives of it in the third Philippic. What rendered from dethronement after the battle of Magnesia by a this city, however, more particularly celebrated throughtimely and submissive embassy to the Consul Man-out Italy, was the worship of Diana, whose sacred temlius, and the payment of 600 talents. Soon after we find him allied to Eumenes, king of Pergamus, who married his daughter; and by means of this monarch he was admitted to the favour and friendship of the Romans. (Liv., 38, 39.) He was also the ally of Eumenes against Pharnaces, B.C. 183-179. After a reign of nearly fifty-eight years he transmitted his crown to his son Ariarathes V.-V. The fifth of the name, son of the preceding, was surnamed Philopator. He was dethroned by Demetrius Soter, king of Syria, who brought forward Holophernes, the supposititious son of Ariarathes IV. Being driven from his kingdom, he took refuge with the Romans, by whom he was restored; in which restoration Attalus II., of Pergamus, ARIDEUS, I. a commander in the army of Cyrus assisted. According to Appian (Bell. Syr., 47), the the Younger, otherwise and more correctly called Romans appointed Ariarathes and Holophernes to Ariæus. (Vid. Ariæus.)-II. A natural son of Philip reign conjointly. This joint government, however, of Macedon, and Philinna a female dancer and courtedid not last long, since Polybius, about B.C. 154, de- san of Larissa. He showed in early life so much scribes Ariarathes as sole king. (Polyb., ap. Athen., promise of ability, that Olympias, fearing lest he might 10, p. 440, b.-Id., 33, 12.-Id., fragm. Vat., p. 440.) one day deprive Alexander of the crown, stultified In return for this service he devoted himself to the in-him by means of secret potions. After the death of terests of the Romans, and fell in the war they were carrying on against Aristonicus, the pretender to the throne of Pergamus. (Justin, 37, 1.) He left six sons, five of whom were murdered by his wife, the

ple, grove, and lake lay at no great distance from thence. The latter is now known by the name of Lago di Nemi. Strabo tells us (239) that the worship of Diana resembled that which was paid to the same goddess in the Tauric Chersonese; and that the priest of the temple was obliged to defend himself by force of arms against all who aspired to the office; for whosoever could slay him succeeded to the dignity. This barbarous custom seems to have afforded a subject of diversion to Caligula. (Suet., Vit. Calig., 35.—Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 2, p. 31.)

ARICĪNA, a surname of Diana, from her temple near Aricia. (Vid. Aricia.)

Alexander, he was chosen to succeed that monarch, with the proviso that, if Roxana, who was then pregnant, should be delivered of a son, a portion of the kingdom should be given to the latter. As the weak

ness of mind under which Aridæus laboured unfitted him for rule, Perdiccas, as protector, exercised the actual sway. He reigned seven years, under the title of Philip Aridæus, and was then put to death with his wife Eurydice by Olympias.-The more accurate form of the name is Arrhidæus, from the Greek 'Appidaioç. The more common one, however, is Aridæus. (Justin, 13, 2, 11.-Id., 13, 3, 1.-Id., 14, 5, 10.Quint. Curt., 10, 7, 2.-Diod. Sic., 17, 2.-Id., 18, 3-Arrian, ap. Phot., Cod., 92.).

ARII. Vid. Aria.

ARIMA (Tà "Apa opn, Arimi Montes), a chain of mountains, respecting the position of which ancient authorities differ. Some place it in Phrygia (Diod. Sic., 5, 71.-Compare Wesseling, ad loc.), others in Lydia, Mysia, Cilicia, or Syria. They appear to have been of volcanic character, from the fable connected with them, that they were placed upon Typhoeus or Typhon. (Hom., I., 2, 783.) Those who are in favour of Phrygia, Lydia, or Mysia, refer to the district called Catacccaumene (Karakɛkavμévη), as lying parched with subterranean fires. Those who decide for Cilicia or Syria agree in a manner among themselves, if by the Arimi as a people we mean the Aramei who had settled in the former of these countries. (Compare Heyne, ad Hom., Il., 2, 783, and consult remarks under the article Inarime.)

with Gatterer, we consider the words which form the derivation in the Greek text to be a mere interpolation. (Comment. Soc. Gött., 14, p. 9.)

ARIMASPAS, a river of Scythia with golden sands, in the country of the Arimaspi. (Vid. Arimaspi.) ARIMI, according to some, a people of Syria. (Vid. Arima, towards the close of that article.)

ARIMINUM, a city of Umbria in Italy, at the mouth of the river Ariminus, on the coast, not far to the southeast of the Rubicon. It was founded by the Umbri, and afterward inhabited partly by them and partly by the Pelasgi. It was taken by the Galli Senones. The Romans sent a colony to it A.U.C. 485. From this time Ariminum was considered as a most important place, and the key of Italy on the eastern coast; hence we generally find a Roman army stationed there during the Gallic and Punic wars. (Polyb., 2, 23.-Id., 3, 77.) In this place Cæsar is said to have harangued his troops, after having crossed the Rubicon; and here the tribunes of the commons, who were in his interest, met him. It is now called Rimini. (C (Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 1, p. 255.)

ARIMINUS, a river of Italy, rising in the Apennine mountains, and falling into the sea at Ariminum. It is now the Marecchia. (Plin., 3, 15.)

ARIOBARZANES, I. a nobleman of Cappadocia, elected king after the two sons of Ariarathes VI. had died. He was expelled by Mithradates, but was restored by Sylla, B.C. 92. He was again expelled in B.C. 88, and restored at the peace in B.C. 84. His kingdom, however, was again occupied by Mithradates in B.C. 66. He was restored by Pompey, and resigned the kingdom to his son. (Cic., pro. Leg. Man., c. 2.— Id. ibid., c. 5.-Appian, Bell. Mithr., c. 105.—Id., Bell. Civ., 1, 103.-Val. Max., 5, 7, 2, extern.)—II. The second of the name, son of the preceding, and surnamed Eusebes and also Philorhomæus. He supported Pompey against Cæsar. (Appian, Bell. Civ., 2, 71, where he is called by mistake Ariarathes.) The latter, however, forgave him, and enlarged his territories. He was slain, B.C. 42, by Cassius. Cass., 47, 33.-Appian, Bell. Civ., 4, 63.—Clinton, Fast. Hell., vol. 2, p. 437.)-III. A name common to some kings, or, more correctly speaking, satraps of Pontus. Ariobarzanes I. is alluded to by Xenophon

(Dio

ARIMASPI, a people of Scythia, who, according to Herodotus (3, 116, and 4, 27), had but one eye, and waged a continual contest with the griffons (vid. Gryphes), that guarded the gold, which, according to the same writer, was found in vast quantities in the vicinity of this people. The name is derived by him from two Scythian words, Arima, one, and Spu, an eye. (Compare Eschyl., Prom. V., 809, seqq.Mela, 2, 1, 15-Plin., 4, 26.—Dionys. Perieg., 31. -Philostr., Vit. Soph., vol. 2, p. 584, ed. Orell.) Modern opinions, of course, vary with regard to the origin of this legend. De Guignes (Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscr., vol. 35, p. 562) makes the Arimaspi to have been the Hiong-nou, of whom the Chinese historians speak, and who were situate to the north of them, extending from the river Irtisch, in the country of the Calmucs, to the confines of eastern Tartary. Reichard (Thes. Top., p. 17) contends, that the name of the Arimaspi is still preserved in that of Arimas-(Cyrop., 8, 8, 4) as having been betrayed by his son cheōs Kaia, in Asiatic Russia, in the Government of Mithradates into the hands of the Persian monarch. Perm. Rennell (Geogr. Herod., vol. 1, p. 178) places (Consult Aristot, Polit., 5, 10, and compare Schneithis people in the region of Mount Altai, a tract of der, ad Xen., l. c.)-IV. The second of the name, country containing much gold, the name Altai itself succeeded the Mithradates mentioned in the preceding being derived, according to some, from alta, a term paragraph, B.C. 363, and reigned twenty-six years. which signifies gold in the Mongul and Calmuc In the course of this reign he engaged in rebellion tongues. With this opinion of Rennell's the specula- against Artaxerxes, B.C. 362. (Diod. Sic., 15, 90.) tions of Völker agree. (Myth. Geogr., vol. 1, p. 193, Mention is made of him by Nepos, in his account of seqq.) Wahl also places the Arimaspi in the regions Datames (c. 2.-Ib., c. 5), and he is there called govof Altai, and speaks of a people there whose heads ernor of Lydia, Ionia, and the whole of Phrygia. are so enveloped against the cold as to leave but one (Compare Clinton, Fast. Hell., vol. 2, p. 421.)—V. opening for the vision, whence he thinks the fable of a The third of the name, succeeded Mithradates III. one-eyed race arose. (Ostind., p. 409). Ritter trans- He began to reign B.C. 266. This prince, as we fers the Arimaspi, along with the Issedones and Mas- learn from Memnon (ap. Phot., p. 720), conquered the sageta, to the southern bank of the Oxus, in ancient city of Amastris, and drove from the country, in conBactria, making them a noble and warlike tribe of the junction with the Gallo-Græci, or Galatæ, lately ar Medes or Cadusii. (Vorhalle, p. 282, seqq., 305). rived in Asia Minor, an Egyptian colony sent by Ptol. Halling refers the term Arimaspian to the steed-mount-emy. (Apollod., ap. Steph. Byz., s. v. "Aуkvpа. ed forefathers of the German race before the migrations of this people into Europe, and he deduces the name from the Persian Arim and esp, the latter of which words means "a horse." (Wien., Jahrb., 69, p. 190.) Rhode, on the other hand, makes Arimasp a Zend term, though his explanation of it, "a mounted native of Aria," approaches that of Halling, asp in Zend meaning "a steed." (Heilige Sage, &c., p. 66, seqq.) The etymology assigned by Herodotus to the word in question, and which is given at the commencement of this article, is now justly regarded as of no value whatever, and decidedly erroneous, unless,

He was succeeded by his son Mithradates IV., who was a minor when his father died. (Clinton, Fast. Hell., vol. 2, p. 424.)-VI. A Persian commander, who bravely defended against Alexander the pass in the mountains of Susiana. (Diod. Sic, 17, 68-Quint. Curt., 5, 3, 17.-Consult Wesseling, ad Diod., loc. cit.)

ARION, I. à famous lyric poet and musician of Methymna, in the island of Lesbos. His age is stated by Suidas as Olymp. 38; by Eusebius, Olymp. 40 (i. e., 628 or 620 B.C.). Though by birth a Methymnæan, and probably a disciple of Terpander, Arion chiefly

the sea.

ARION.

ARIOVISTUS, a king of the Germans, who invaded Gaul, conquered a considerable part of the country, Cæsar marched against him, and subjected the inhabitants to the most cruel and oppressive treatment. brought him to an action, and gained so complete a victory, that only a few of the army of Ariovistus, among whom was the king himself, effected their escape. He died soon after in Germany, either of his wounds, or through chagrin at his defeat. The name is probably derived from the German words Heer, an army, and Fürst, a leader or prince. (Cas., Bell. Gall., 131, seqq.-Id. ibid., 5, 29.)

lived and wrote in the Peloponnesus, among Dorian | offspring of Neptune and Erinnys, wno had in like Lations. It was at Corinth, in the reign of Periander, manner changed herself into a mare. (Schol. ad II., that he first practised a cyclic chorus in the perform-23, 346.) Others again related, that he was produced ance of a dithyramb; where he probably took advan- from the ground by a blow of Neptune's trident, in the tage of some local accidents and made beginnings, contest of that deity with Minerva for the possession which alone could justify Pindar in considering Co- of Athens. (Serv. ad Virg., Georg., 1, 12.) Eustarinth as the native city of the Dithyramb. (Herod., thius mentions a still different origin for this fabled 1, 23.-Compare Hellanic., ap. Schol. ad Aristoph. animal, namely, from Neptune and one of the Harpies. Av., 1403.-Aristot., ap. Procl., Chrestom., p. 382, (Eustath. ad Il., l. c.) Quintus Calaber (4, 570), ed. Gaisf-Pind., Olymp., 13, 18.)-A curious fable from one of the Harpies and Zephyrus. Arion was is related by Herodotus (l. c.) of this same Arion. trained up by Neptune himself, and was often yoked He was accustomed to spend the most of his time to the chariot of his parent, which he drew over the On a sudden, how- seas with amazing swiftness. (Stat., Theb., 6, 303, with Periander, king of Corinth. Haliartus bestowed ever, feeling desirous of visiting Italy and Sicily, he seqq.) Neptune gave him as a present to Copreus, sailed to those countries, and amassed there great king of Haliartus, in Boeotia. riches. He set sail from Tarentum after this, in or- him on Hercules, who distanced with him Cycnus, in der to return to Corinth, but the mariners formed a the Hippodrome of the Pagasean Apollo, and afterplot against him, when they were at sea, to throw him ward also made use of him in his car when contendoverboard and seize his riches. Arion, having ascer- ing with Cycnus in fight. From Hercules he came to tained this, offered them all his treasure, only begging Ardrastus, who was alone saved by his means from (Schol. ad Il., 23, 346.- Hesiod, that they would spare his life. But the seamen, being the Theban war. inflexible, commanded him either to kill himself, that Scut. Herc., 120, seqq.-Compare Müller, Dorier, vol. he might be buried ashore, or to leap immediately into 2, p. 480.)-The name of this fabled animal manifestly Arion, reduced to this hard choice, earnestly relates to his superiority over all other coursers desired them to allow him to dress in his richest appa- ('Apeiwv, superior), and the legend itself is only one rel, and to sing a measure, standing at the time on the of the many forms, in which the physical fact of earth poop of the ship. The mariners assented, pleased with and water being the cause of growth and increase in the idea of their being about to hear the best singer of the natural world has been enveloped by the ancient the day, and retired from the stern to the middle of the mythologists. (Völcker, Myth. der Jap., p. 165, seqq ) vessel. In the mean time, Arion, having put on all his robes, took his harp and performed the Ŏrthian strain, as it was termed. At the end of the air he leaped into the sea, and the Corinthians continued their voyage homeward. A dolphin, however, attracted by the music, received Arion on its back, and bore him in safety to Tænarus. On reaching this place, his story was disbelieved by Periander; but an examination of the seamen, when they also arrived, removed all the monarch's suspicions about Arion's veracity, and the mariners were put to death. In commemoration of this event, a statue was made of brass, representing a ARISBA, I. a town of Lesbos, destroyed by an earthman on a dolphin's back, and was consecrated at TænaSuch is the story told by Herodotus. Larcher's quake. (Plin., 5, 39.) Herodotus states that it was He conquered by the people of Methymna (1, 151.— explanation is a very tame and improbable one. thinks that Arion threw himself into the sea in or near Compare Steph. Byz., s. v. 'Apiobŋ).—II. A city of the harbour of Tarentum; that the Corinthians, with- Troas, southeast of Abydus, and founded by a colony out troubling themselves any farther, set sail; that of Mytileneans, in whose island there was a town of Arion gained the shore, met with another vessel ready the same name. (Vid. No. I.) Various traditions to depart, which had the figure-head of a dolphin, and respecting the place are to be found in Stephanus of that this vessel outstripped the Corinthian ship. (Lar- Byzantium. Homer makes mention of the place, tocher, ad loc.) The solution which Müller gives is far gether with the river Selleis. (Il., 2, 835.) It was more ingenious, though not much in accordance with here, according to Arrian (1, 12), that Alexander stathe simplicity of early fable. It is as follows: The tioned his army immediately after crossing the Hellescolony which went to Tarentum under Phalanthus, pont at Abydus. When the Gauls passed over into sailed from Tænarus to Italy, with the rites and under Asia, some centuries after, they also occupied Arisba, the protection of Neptune. The mythic mode of in- but were totally defeated by King Prusias. (Polyb., dicating this was by a statue, representing Taras, the 5, 3.) Its ruins are supposed to be those at Gangerson of Neptune, and original founder of the place, lee. (Walpole's Turkey, vol. 1, p. 92.-Cramer's seated on a dolphin's back, as if in the act of crossing Asia Minor, vol. 1, p. 71.) the sea from Tænarus to Tarentum. This was placed on the Tænarian promontory. In process of time, however, the legend ceased to be applied to Taras, and Arion became the hero of the tale, the order of the voyage being reversed; and the love of music, which the dolphin was fabled by the ancients to possess, became a means of adding to the wonders of the story. (Müller, Dorier, vol. 2, p. 369, not.-Plehn, Lesbiac., p. 166.)-II. A celebrated steed, often mentioned in fable, which not only possessed a human voice (Propert., 2, 25, 37), but also the power of prophecy. (Stat., Theb., 6, 424.) According to one legend, he sprang from Ceres and Neptune, the goddess having fruitlessly assumed the shape of a mare, in order to avoid the addresses of Neptune, who immediately transformed himself into a steed. (Pausan., 8, 25.Apollod., 3, 6, 8.) Another account made him the

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ARISTÆNETUS, a Greek writer, a native of Nicæa. He is supposed by some to have been the same with that friend of Libanius who perished in the earthquake which destroyed the city of Nicomedia, A.D. 358, and If this opinion be correct, to whom are addressed many of the letters of this sophist that remain to us. it must be confessed that the work of Aristænetus, which we at present possess, does not justify the eulogiums which Libanius passes on the talents of his friend: the identity of the two individuals, therefore, appears at best extremely doubtful. The only historical fact that occurs in Aristænetus seems to place him towards the close of the fifth century: it is a eulogium on the female dancer Panareta, where it is said that she imitated the pantomime Caramallus. Now this Caramallus lived in the time of Sidonius Apollinaris, who died A.D. 484. A third view of the