ANAURUS, a small river of Thessaly, near the foot of Pelion, and running into the Onchestus. In this stream Jason, according to the poets, lost his sardal. (Apollon. Rhod., 1, 48.)

ANAXAGORAS, I. a monarch of Argos, son of Argeius, and grandson of Megapenthes. He shared the sovereign power with Bias and Melampus, who had cured the women of Argos of madness. (Pausan., 2, 18.)-II. A Grecian philosopher, born at Clazomenæ, Olymp. 70, according to Apollodorus (Diog. Laert., 2, 7), a date, however, that is inconsistent with his reputed friendship with Pericles. The statement commonly received makes him a scholar of Anaximenes, which the widely fluctuating date assigned to the latter renders impossible to refute on chronological grounds: however, the philosophical directions they respectively followed were so opposite, that they cannot consistently be referred to the same school. From Clazomena he removed to Athens, and here we find him living in the strictest intimacy with Pericles, to the formation of whose eloquence his precepts are said to have greatly contributed. As scholars of Anaxagoras, several highly distinguished individuals have been mentioned, most of them on the sole authority of a very dubious tradition; and only of Euripides the tragedian, and Archelaus the naturalist, is it certain that they stood with him in the closest relation of intimacy. His connexion with the most powerful Athenians, however, profited him but little; for not only does he seem to have passed his old age in poverty, but he was not even safe from the persecution which assailed the friends of Pericles on the de

Anagnia was colonized by Drusus. (Front. de Col.) | of Sicily, near Syracuse, now Alfeo. It was a small From Tacitus (Hist., 3, 62) we learn, that it was the stream, but is frequently mentioned by the poets. birthplace of Valens, a general of Vitellius, and the They fabled that the deity of the stream fell in love chief supporter of his party. The Latin way was with the nymph Cyane, who was changed into a fountjoined near this city by the Via Prænestina, which ain. (Ovid, Pont., 2, 10, 26.-Met., 5, fab., 5, &c.) from that circumstance was called Compitum Anag- ANAS, a river of Spain, now the Guadiana. The ninum. (Cramer's Ancient Italy, vol. 2, p. 79, seqq.) modern name is a corruption from the Arabic, WadiANAITIS, a goddess of Armenia, who appears to be Ana, i. e., the river Ana. (Plin., 3, 1.) the same with the Venus of the western nations. She is identical also with the goddess of Nature, worshipped among the Persians. (Creuzer, Symbolik, vol. 2, p. 27.) The temple of Anaïtis, in Armenia, stood in the district of Acilisene, in the angle between the northern and southern branches of the Euphrates. She was worshipped also in Zela, a city of Pontus, and in Comana. (Creuzer, l. c.) As regards the origin of the name itself, much difference of opinion exists. Von Hammer (Fundgr. des Or., vol. 3, p. 275) derives it from the Persian Anahid, the name of the morning star, and of the female genius that directs with her lyre the harmony of the spheres. Ack erblad, on the other hand (Lettre au Cheral. Italinski, &c., Rom., 1817), referring to Clemens Alexandrinus, (Protreptr., 5, p. 57) and Eustathius (ad Dionys. Pericg, v. 845), where mention is made of an 'Aopoδίτη Ταναΐς, and a Ταναίτις, and also to the Phoenician Tavúr, asserts, that the true name of the goddess in question was Tavaîris (corrupted in most passages of the ancient writers into 'Avairis), and that the root is Tanat, the appellation of an Asiatic goddess, who is at one time confounded with Diana, and at another with Minerva. (Compare also the Egyptian Neith with the article prefixed, A-neith, and 'Aveitis, another form of the name Anaïtis, as appearing in Plutarch, Vit. Artaxerx., c. 27) Silvestre de Sacy, however (Journal. d. Sav. Juillet, 1817, p. 439), in opposition to Ackerblad, remarks, that the Persians, most indubitably, call the planet Venus Anahid or Nahid, and that the name Anaïtis is evidently derived from this source: he observes, moreover, that Tavatriç is itself a false reading.-The temple of the goddess Anai-cline of his ascendency. He was accused of impiety tis had a large tract of land set apart for its use, and towards the gods, thrown into prison, and eventually a great number of male and female slaves to cultivate forced to fly to Lampsacus. Some foundation for the it (iɛpódovλot). It was famed for its riches, and it charge of impiety was probably found in his general was from this sacred edifice that Antony, in his Par- views, which undoubtedly were far from according thian expedition, carried off a statue of the goddess with the popular notions of religion, since he reof solid gold. (Plin., 33, 4.) The commercial rela-garded the sun and moon as consisting of earth and tions which subsisted between the Armenians and stone, and miraculous indications at sacrifices as ordiother countries, caused the worship of Anaïtis to be spread over other lands, and hence we read of its having been introduced into Persia, Media, Bactria, &c. (Compare Strabo, 535, and Heyne, de Sacerdotio Comanensi, in Nov. Comment. Soc. Scient. Gotting., 16, p. 117, seqq.) Artaxerxes Mnemon is said to have been the first that introduced the worship of Anaitis into Susa, Babylon, and Ecbatana. (Clemens Alexandr., Protreptr., p. 57, ed. Potter.-Creuzer's Symbolik, vol. 2, p. 26, seqq )

ANAMARES, a Gallic tribe, in Gallia Cispadana, to the south of the Po, and at the foot of the Apennines. They occupied what is now a part of the modern Duchy of Parma. (Polyb., 2, 32.)

nary appearances of nature. He also gave a moral exposition of the myths of Homer, and an allegorical explanation of the names of the gods. Anaxagoras was an old man when he arrived at Lampsacus, and died there soon after his arrival, in the eighty-eighth Olympiad, or thereabout. His memory was honoured by the people of Lampsacus with a yearly festival. In addition to his philosophical labours, Anaxagoras is said to have been well acquainted with several other branches of knowledge. He occupied himself much with mathematics and the kindred sciences, especially astronomy, as the character of the discoveries attribu ted to him sufficiently shows. He is represented as having conjectured the right explanation of the moon's ANAPHE, one of the Sporades, northeast of Thera. light, and of the solar and lunar eclipses. His work It was said to have been made to rise by thunder from on nature, of which several fragments have been prethe bottom of the sea, in order to receive the Argo-served, especially by Simplicius, was much known and nauts during a storm, on their return from Colchis. celebrated in ancient times. The meaning of the fable evidently is, that the island was of volcanic origin. Apollonius Rhodius, however (4, 1717), gives a different account, according to which the island received its name from Apollo's having appeared there to the Argonauts in a storm. A temple was in consequence erected to him, under the name of Egletes (Alyλńτns), in the island. (Strabo, 484.) The modern name of the island is Amphio.

ANAPUS, I. a river of Epirus, near the town of Stratos, mentioned by Thucydides (2, 82).-II. A river

A full analysis of his doctrines, as far as they have reached us, is given by Ritter, in his History of Ancient Philosophy, vol. 1, p. 281, seqq., Oxford transl.

ANAXANDER, Son of Eurycrates, and king of Sparta. He was of the family of the Agida. The second Messenian war began in his reign. (Herodot., 7, 204.-Pausan., 3, 3.)

ANAXANDRIDES, I. son of Leon, was king of Sparta. Being directed by the Ephori to put away his wife on account of her barrenness, he only so far obeyed as to

.

was killed by Pallas, son of Evander, in the wars of Eneas against the Latins. (Virg., Æn, 10, 389.) ANCHESMUS, a mountain of Attica, where Jupiter Anchesmius had a statue. It is now Agios Georgics, taking its modern name from a church of St. George, which has displaced the statue. (Leake's Topogr. of Athens, p. 69.)

by laying it in ashes. Anaximenes was deputed by his countrymen as a mediator; but the conqueror, guessing his intention, when he saw him entering the royal tent as a suppliant, cut short his anticipated peution by declaring that he was determined to refuse his request, whatever it might be. Of this hasty expression the philosopher availed himself, and immediately implored that Lampsacus might be utterly de- ANCHIALE, a city of Cilicia, west of the mouth of stroyed, and a pardon refused to its citizens. The the Cydnus, and a short distance from the coast. It stratagem was successful; Alexander was unwilling was a place of great antiquity, and the Greck writers to break his promise; and the presence of mind ex-assign its origin to Sardanapalus, king of Assyria. The hibited by its advocate saved the town. Anaximenes authority, however, from which they derive their inforwas also the author of a history of Greece. (Pausan., mation, is Aristobulus, who is entitled to but little cred6, 18.-Val. Max., 7, 3, 4.) it in general. The founder was said by them to have been buried here, and they speak of his tomb's still existing in the time of Alexander the Great. On the tomb was the statue of a man in the act of clapping his hands, with an Assyrian inscription to this effect, "Sardanapalus, the son of Anacyndaraxes, built Anchiale and Tarsus in one day; but do thou, oh stranger, eat, drink, and sport, since the rest of human things are not worth this," i. e., a clap of the hands. (Arrian, Exp. Alex., 2. 5.) It is more than probable, supposing that a Sardanapalus did found the place, that we are to regard him, not as the last king of that name, but some earlier monarch of Assyria, who had pushed his conquests into the western part of Asia. The situation of Anchiale was bad; it had no harbour, no river, no great road, in its immedatie vicinity. It disappeared, therefore, at last from history, while Tarsus, more favourably placed, continued to flourish. Pliny calls the name Anchiales; and Arrian, Anchialos. (Mannert, 6, pt. 2, p. 66.)

ANAZARBUS, a city of Cilicia Campestris, situate on the river Pyramus, at some distance from the sea, and taking its name apparently from a mountain called Anazarbus, at the foot of which it was situate. The adjacent territory was famed for its fertility. It afterward took the appellation of Cæsarea ad Anazarbum, but from what Roman emperor is not known, though prior to the time of Pliny (5, 27). The original appellation, however, finally prevailed, as we find it so designated in Hierocles and the imperial Notitia, at which period it had become the chief town of Cilicia Secunda. It was nearly destroyed by a terrible earthquake under Justinian. Anazarbus was the birthplace of Dioscorides and Oppian. The Turks call it, at the present day, Ain-Zerbch. (Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. 2, p. 354.) ANCEUS, I. the son of Lycurgus and Cleophile, or, according to others, Astypalea, was in the expedition of the Argonauts. He was also at the chase of the Calydonian boar, in which he perished. (Apollod., 3, 9.-Id., 1, 8.-Hygin., fab, 173 et 248.)-II. King of Samos, and son of Neptune and Astypalea. He went with the Argonauts, and succeeded Tiphys as pilot of the ship Argo. He reigned in Ionia, where he married Samia, daughter of the Mæander, by whom he had four sons, Perilas, Enudus, Samus, Alithersus, and one daughter called Parthenope. He paid particular attention to the culture of the vine, and on one occa-chesmus in Epirus. sion was told by a slave, whom he was pressing with hard labour in his vineyard, that he would never taste of its produce. After the vintage had been gathered in and the wine made, Ancæus, in order to falsify the prediction, was about to raise a cup of the liquor to his lips, deriding, at the same time, the pretended prophet (who, however, merely told him, in reply, that there were many things between the cup and the lip), when tidings came that a boar had broken into his vineyard. Throwing down the cup, with the untasted liquor, Ancarus rushed forth to meet the animal, and lost his life in the encounter. Hence arose the Greek proverb.

Πολλὰ μεταξὺ πέλει κύλικος καὶ χείλεος ἄκρου. Multa cadunt inter calicem supremaque labra. The Latin translation is by Erasmus, who, as Dacier thinks, read Téret for meet, a supposition not at all probable, since "cadunt" gives the spirit, though not the literal meaning, of me.-The story just given is related somewhat differently by other writers, but the point in all is the same. (Eustath., ad I., p. 77, ed. Rom-Festus, s. v. Manum —Aul. Gell., 13, 17.— Dacier, ad Fest., 1. c.)

ANCALITES, a people of Britain, near the Atrebatii, and probably a clan of that nation. Baxter supposes them to have been the herdsmen and shepherds of the Atrebatii, and to have possessed those parts of Orfordshire and Buckinghamshire most proper for pasturage. Horsley, on the other hand, makes their country correspond to the modern Berkshire. But it is all uncertainty. (Cas, Bell. G, 5, 21.)

ANCHEMŎLUS, Son of Rhetus, king of the Marrubii | in Italy, was expelled by his father for criminal conduct towards his stepmother. He fled to Turnus, and

ANCHIALUS, a term occurring in one of Martial's epigrams (11, 94), about which the learned are greatly divided in opinion. Scaliger thinks that it comes from the Hebrew Chai and Alah, and is equivalent to Vivens Deus.

ANCHISE PORTUs, according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Ant. Rom., 1, 32), the real name of On

ANCHISES, son of Capys, by Themis, daughter of Ilus, and the father of Æneas. Venus was so struck with his beauty, that she introduced herself to his notice in the form of a nymph, on Mount Ida, and urged him to a union. Anchises no sooner discovered that he had been in the company of a celestial being, than he dreaded the vengeance of the gods. Venus quieted his apprehensions; but, for his imprudence subsequently in boasting of the partiality of the goddess, Jupiter struck him with blindness, or, according to some, enfeebled and maimed him by a stroke of thunder. The offspring of his union with Venus was the celebrated Encas. When Troy was in flames, he was saved from the victorious Greeks by his son, who bore him away on his shoulders from the burning city. He afterward accompanied Eneas in his voyage to Italy, but died before that land was reached, in the island of Sicily, at the harbour of Drepanum, and was buried on Mount Eryx. (Virg., En., 2, 647.-Id. ib, 3, 707. -Heyne, Excurs., 17, ad Virg., En., 2, &c.)

ANCHISIA, a mountain of Arcadia, on which, according to Pausanias, was the tomb of Anchises. This, of course, is different from the common account, followed by Virgil, which makes Anchises to have been buried on Mount Eryx in Sicily. At the foot of Mount Anchisia there was a road leading to Orchomenus, which city lay to the northwest. (Pausan., 8, 12.)

ANCHISIADES, a patronymic of Æneas, as being son of Anchises. (Virg, En, 6, 348, &c.)

ANCHOE, a place in Bootia, where the Cephissus, or rather the Lake Copais, issued from under ground. It was near Larymna, and on the coast. (Strabo, 404.)

ANCHORA. Vid. Nicæa, II.

ANCHURUS, a son of Midas, king of Phrygia, who

since it is noticed in the Periplus of Scylax (p. 12) as belonging to the Umbri; and, therefore, that the Siculi of Pliny must be that ancient race who settled in Italy at a very remote period, and afterward passed over into Sicily. (Bardetii, pt. 2, c 10.-Olivieri, della fond, di Pesaro dissert., p. 13.—Grus. Colucci, Delle Antichità Picene, vol. 1, diss. 1.) Ancona is spoken of by Livy (41, 1) as a naval station of great importance in the wars of Rome with the Illyrians. (Compare Tacit., Ann., 3, 9.) It was occupied by Cæsar soon after his passage of the Rubicon. (Bell. Civ., 1, 11.-Cic., Ep. ad Fam., 16, 12.) It continued to be a port of consequence in Trajan's time, if we may judge from the works erected by that emperor, which are still extant there. (Cramer's Ancient Italy, vol 1, p. 280, seqq.)

sacrificed himself for the good of his country, when | Ancona must be anterior to the reign of Dionysius, the earth had opened and swallowed up many buildings. The oracle had been consulted, and gave for answer, that the gulf would never close if Midas did not throw into it whatever he had most precious. Though the king cast in much gold and silver, yet the gulf continued open, till Anchurus, thinking nothing more precious than life, and regarding himself, therefore, as the most valuable of his father's possessions, took a tender leave of his wife and family, and leaped into the earth, which closed immediately over his head. Midas erected there an altar of stone to Jupiter, and that altar was the first object which he turned into gold when he had received his fatal gift from the gods. Every year, when the day came round on which the chasm had been first formed, the altar became one of stone again; but, when this day had passed by, it once more changed to gold. (Plut., Parall., p. 306.)

ANCILE, a sacred shield, which fell from heaven in the reign of Numa, when the Roman people laboured under a pestilence. Upon the preservation of this shield depended the fate of the Roman empire, according to the admonition given to Numa by the nymph Egeria, and the monarch therefore ordered eleven of the same size and form to be made, that if ever any attempt was made to carry them away, the plunderer might find it difficult to distinguish the true one. They were made with such exactness, that the king promised Veturius Mamurius, the artist, whatever reward he desired. (Vid. Mamurius.) They were kept in the temple of Vesta, and an order of priests was chosen to watch over their safety. These priests were called Salii, and were twelve in number; they carried every year, on the first of March, the shields in a solemn procession through the streets of Rome, dancing and singing praises to the god Mars. (Vid. Salii.) This sacred festival continued three days, during which every important business was stopped. It was deemed unfortunate to be married on those days, or to undertake any expedition. Hence Suetonius (Oth., 8) states, that Otho marched from Rome, on his unsuccessful expedition against Vitellius, during the festival of the Ancilia, "nulla religionum cura,' without any regard for sacred ceremonies, and Tacitus (Hist., 1, 89) remarks, that many ascribed to this cir cumstance the unfortunate issue of the campaign. The form of the ancile occurs in ancient coins. Representations of it are also given by modern writers on Roman Antiquities. (Consult Lipsius, Mil. Rom.; Anal., lib. 3, dial. 1.) Plutarch, in explaining their shape, remarks, "they are neither circular, nor yet, like the pelta, semicircular, but fashioned in two crooked indented lines, the extremities of which, meeting close, form a curve (úуkúλov).” According to this etymology, the name should be written in Latin Ancyle. Ovid says the shield was called ancile, "quod ab omni parte recisum est," a derivation much worse than Plutarch's. The name is very probably of Etrurian origin, and the whole legend would appear to be a myth, turning on the division of the Roman year into twelve months by the fabulous Numa. (Plut., Vit. Num., c. 13-Ovid, Fast., 3, 377.)

ANCUS MARCIUS, the fourth king of Rome, was grandson to Numa by his daughter. His name Ancus was said to be derived from the Greek ȧyкúv, because he had a crooked arm, which he could not stretch out to its full length; an etymology of no value whatever, the term in question being very probably Etrurian. Like his ancestors, he first turned his attention to the re-establishment of religion, and had the ritual law transcribed on tables, that all might read it. He then directed his arms against the Latins with success, and carried away several thousand of this nation to Rome, whom he settled on the Aventine. He extended his conquests into Etruria, and along both banks of the Tiber to the seacoast, where he founded Ostia, the oldest of the Roman colonies, as the harbour of Rome. He built the first bridge over the Tiber, and annexed additional defences to the city. The oldest remaining monument in Rome, the prison formed out of a stone quarry in the Capitoline Hill, is called the work of Ancus. It was on the side of the hill above the forum (the place of meeting for the plebeians); and until an equality of laws was introduced, it served only to keep the plebeians and those who were below them in custody. The original common law of the plebs was regarded as the fruit of his legislation, in the same manner as the rights of the three ancient tribes were looked upon to be the laws of the first three kings. And because all landed property, by the principles of the Roman law, proceeded from the state, and, on the incorporation of new communities, was surrendered by them, and conferred back on them by the state, the assignment of public lands is attributed to Ancus. This act, being viewed as a parcelling out of public territories, was probably the cause which led the plebeians to bestow the epithet of "good" upon him in the old poems. The new subjects could not be admitted into a new tribe, as the Luceres had been, since the number of tribes was completed. They constituted a community, which stood side by side with the people formed by the members of the thirty curia, as the body of the Latin towns had stood in relation to Alba. This was the beginning of the plebs, which was the strength and the life of Rome, the people of Ancus as distinguished from that of Romulus; and this is a fresh reason for Ancus being placed in the middle of the Roman kings. (Niebuhr, Kom. Hist., p. 86, Twiss's abridgment.) Ancus reigned, according to the fabulous Roman chronology, twenty-four years. (Liv., 1, 32, seqq-Florus, 1, 4.- Dion. Hal., 3, 9, &c.) ANCYRA. I. a city of Galatia, west of the Halys. Ac

ANCONA, a city of Italy, on the coast of Picenum, which still retains its name. The appellation is supposed to be of Greek origin, and to express the angular form of the promontory on which the city is placed. (Mela, 2, 4.-Procop, Rer. Got., 2.) This bold head-cording to Pausanias (2, 4), it was founded by Midas, and land was called Cumerium Promontorium; its modern name is Monte Comero, and sometimes Monte Guasco. The foundation of Ancona is ascribed by Strabo (241) to some Syracusans, who were fleeing from the tyranny of Dionysius. These Syracusans of Strabo are by many critics supposed to be same with the Siculi of Pliny, to whom that writer attributes the origin of this city. (Plin., 3, 13.-Compare Solin., 8.) But, on the other hand, it is contended, that the foundation of

the name was derived from an anchor (йykupa) which was found here and preserved in the temple of Jupiter. This city was greatly enlarged by Augustus, whence the grammarian Tzetzes is led to style him the founder of the city, and under Nero it was styled the metropolis of Galatia. Its situation was extremely well adapted for inland trade, and Ancyra became a kind of stapleplace for the commodities of the East. It is famous also as having been the spot where the Monumentum

Ancyranum was found in modern times, a spurious in- | no longer dared to show himself in Athens, but died scription on a temple erected in honour of Augustus, which gives a history of the several actions and public merits of Augustus, and which shows also that he had been a great patron of the Ancyrani. Ancyra is now called by the Turks Angouri, and by the Europeans Angora, and is the place whence the celebrated shawls and hosiery made of goats' hair were originally brought. Near this place, Bajazet was conquered and made prisoner by Timur, or, as the name is commonly, though incorrectly, written, Tamerlane. (Mannert, vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 46, seqq.)-II. A town of Phrygia, on the confines of Mysia. Strabo (576) places it in the district of Abasitis, near the sources of the river Makestus, which flows into the Rhyndacus. (Mannert, vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 111.)

ANDABATE, gladiators who fought blindfolded, whence the proverb Andabatarum more pugnare, to denote rash and inconsiderate measures. The name comes from the Greek άvabúraι, because they fought in chariots or on horseback. (Consult Erasmus, Chil., p. 461.)

ANDANIA, a city of Messenia, situate. according to Pausanias (4, 33), at the distance of eight stadia from Carnasium. It had been the capital of Messenia before the domination of the Heraclidæ. (Pausan., 4, 3.) Strabo (360) places it on the road from Messene to Megalopolis. It is also mentioned by Livy (36, 31) as situated betwen these two cites. Sir W. Gell (Itin., p. 69) observed its ruins between Sakona and Krano, on a hill formed by the foot of Mount Tetrage. (Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol. 3, p. 147.)

ANDECAVI OF ANDES, a people of Gaul, east of the Namnetes, and lying along the northern bank of the Liger or Loire. Their capital was Juliomagus, now Angers, and their territory corresponded in part to what is now the department de la Mayenne. (Cæs., B. G., 2, 35.)

in exile. Andocides employed his abilities as an orator merely in his own affairs. The four discourses of his which have come down to us are important for the history of Greece. The first has reference to the Mysteries of Eleusis, which he had been accused of violating (IIepì Mvornpiwv). The second (IIɛpì kałódov), treats of his (second) return to Athens. The third (IIɛpì Eiphvns), " Concerning Peace," was pronounced in the fourth year of the 95th Olympiad, on occasion of the peace with Sparta; the fourth is directed against Alcibiades (Karà’A2kibiúdov). Taylor, led into an error by a passage of Plutarch (Vut. Alcib., 13.-Ed. Reiske, vol. 2, p. 21), thinks that this discourse was delivered by Phæax, one of the antagonists of Alcibiades; but Ruhnken has shown this opinion to be incorrect. (Hist. Crit. Orat. Gr.—p. 54, of the edition of Rutilius Lupus.-Schöll, Hist. Lit. Gr., vol. 2, p. 205, seqq.) The discourses of Andocides are given in Reiske's edition of the Greek orators; in that of Bekker, and in the edition of Dobson, Lond., 1828, 16 vols. 8vo.

ANDOMĀTIS, a river of India, falling into the Ganges. According to D'Anville, the modern Sonn-sou. (Vid. Sonus.)

ANDRICLUS, a mountain of Cilicia Trachea, north of the promontory Anemurium. (Strab., 670.) ANDRISCUS, an obscure individual, a native of Adramyttium in Asia Minor, who, from his strong resemblance to Philip, son of Perseus, the last king of Macedonia, was induced to pass himself off for that prince, and hence received the name of Pseudophilippus, or "the false Philip." Having deceived the Macedonians, he induced them to revolt against the Roman power, and gained at first some advantages, but was at length defeated by Cæcilius Metellus, and led in triumph B.C. 148. (Flor., 2, 14.-Vell. Paterc., 1, 11.)

ANDROCYDES, I. a painter of Cyzicus, contemporary ANDES, I. a people of Gaul. Vid. Andecavi.-II. A with Pelopidas and Zeuxis, the latter of whom he at village near Mantua, where Virgil was born. (Compare tempted to rival. Two of his productions are menHieron., Chron. Euseb., 2, and Sil. Ital., 8, 594.) tioned by the ancient writers, a painting of a battle and Tradition has long assigned to a small place, now a portrait of Scylla, the latter being celebrated for the named Pictola, the honour of representing this birth- accuracy with which the fish accompanying the monster place of Virgil; but as this opinion appears to derive were represented. (Plut., Vit. Pelop., 25.--Plin., 35, no support from the passages in which the poet is sup- 10.-Sillig, Dict. Art., s. v.)-II. A physician in the posed to speak of his own farm, the prevailing notion time of Alexander the Great, who, in writing to the among the learned seems to contradict the popular re-king, in condemnation of the use of wine, observed, to port which identifies Andes with Pietola. (Maffei, quote the Latin version of Pliny, "Vinum poturus Verona Illustr., vol. 2, p. 1.-Viso, Memorie Istoriche, rex, memento te bibere sanguinem terræ: cicuta homivol. 1, p. 31.-Bonelli, Mem. Mantor., vol. 1, p. 120.)| num venenum est, cicutæ vinum." (Plin.. 14, 5.) It may be observed, however, that Virgil's birthplace ANDROGEUS, Son of Minos and Pasiphaë. He was and his farm may not necessarily have been one and famous for his skill in wrestling, and overcame every the same in this case it would seem that no argument antagonist at Athens during the contest at the Pancould be objected to a local but very ancient and well- athenaic festival, and Egeus, through envy, sent him established tradition. (Cramer's Ancient Italy, vol. against the Marathonian bull, by which animal he 1, p. 69, segg) was destroyed. According to another account, he was waylaid and assassinated while proceeding to Thebes to attend the games of Laius, and his murderers were the combatants whom he had conquered at Athens, and who were led by envy to perpetrate the deed. Minos declared war against Athens to revenge the death of his son, and peace was at last re established on condition that Ægeus sent yearly seven boys and seven girls from Athens to Crete, to be devoured by the Minotaur. (Vid. Minotaurus) The Athenians established festivals, by order of Minos, in honour of his son, and called them Androgeia. (Apollod., 3, 15.-Hygin., fab., 41-Virg. Æn., 6, 20.) The whole story of Androgeus is an allegorical one, and has an agricultural reference. Androgeus is the man of the earth, the cultivator ('Avôpóyɛwç). The Marathonian bull, by whose fire, according to one account (Serv., ad Virg., En., 6, 20), he was injured in the conflict, recalls to mind the fire-breathing bulls of Colchis, the land of etes, the first man of the earth. A new field of exertion now opens on the son of

ANDOCIDES, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras, and born in the first year of the 78th Olympiad, B.C. 468. He commanded the Athenian fleet in the war between the Corinthians and Corcyreans, and was af terward accused of having been concerned in mutilating the Hermæ, or statues of Mercury, a crime of which Alcibiades was regarded as one of the authors. Andocides, having been arrested for this sacrilege. escaped punishment by denouncing his real or pretended accomplices. Photius informs us, that among these was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of obtaining his father's pardon. (Phot., Bibl., vol. 2, p. 488, ed. Bekker.) The same author mentions various other incidents in the life of this orator, which compelled him at last to quit Athens. He returned during the government of the four hundred, and was cast into prison, whence, however, he succeeded in escaping. He returned a second time to his native country after the fall of the thirty tyrants. Having failed in an embassy to Sparta, which had been confided to him, he