American Pronghorn: Social Adaptations and the Ghosts of Predators PastUniversity of Chicago Press, 1997 - 300 Pronghorn antelope are the fastest runners in North America, clocked at speeds of up to 100 kilometers per hour. Yet none of their current predators can come close to running this fast. Pronghorn also gather in groups, a behavior commonly viewed as a "safety in numbers" defense. But again, none of their living predators are fearsome enough to merit such a response. In this elegantly written book, John A. Byers argues that these mystifying behaviors evolved in response to the dangerous predators with whom pronghorn shared their grassland home for nearly four million years: among them fleet hyenas, lions, and cheetahs. Although these predators died out ten thousand years ago, pronghorn still behave as if they were present—as if they were living with the ghosts of predators past. Byers's provocative hypothesis will stimulate behavioral ecologists and mammalogists to consider whether other species' adaptations are also haunted by selective pressures from predators past. The book will also find a ready audience among evolutionary biologists and paleontologists. |
Spis treści
Survivors from Another World | 1 |
Methods and Materials | 15 |
The Selfish Herd Modal Social Organization | 23 |
Birth and the Hiding Strategy | 52 |
Behavioral Development | 79 |
Lifetime Dominance Ranks of Females and Males | 102 |
Female Reproduction The Level of Expenditure | 119 |
Female Reproduction Age Rank and Individual Differences | 149 |
APPENDIX 1 | 245 |
APPENDIX 2 | 246 |
APPENDIX 3 | 248 |
APPENDIX 4 | 254 |
APPENDIX 5 | 255 |
APPENDIX 6 | 256 |
References | 259 |
| 289 | |
Male Reproduction A Short Dangerous Life | 171 |
The Mating System Conflict and Cooperation between the Sexes | 206 |
The Ghosts of Predators Past | 234 |
Inne wydania - Wyświetl wszystko
American Pronghorn: Social Adaptations and the Ghosts of Predators Past John A. Byers Podgląd niedostępny - 1997 |
Kluczowe wyrazy i wyrażenia
adult agonistic interaction Anim ANOVA Antilocapra Behav behavior Bekoff bighorn sheep birth date birth weight bison Bovidae Byers Cervidae Clutton-Brock coyotes deer defense differences dominance interactions dominance status ecology effect energy cost estrus date Ethology evolution fawn birth fawn's feeding displacement female fawns female mate FIGURE focal hour harem harem male herd hiding strategy horn individuals interaction rate Kitchen lifetime number male and female male fawns mammals Mann-Whitney tests mate choice mating success mortality move National Bison Range nearest-neighbor distance number of matings observed offspring one-way ANOVA parasite Pleistocene polygynous population predators prenatal growth rate pronghorn fawns pronghorn females pronghorn males pronghorn mothers Pursh reclining reproductive success reproductive value resource sample season sex ratio sexual selection social groups social rank sparring species suckling rate summer territorial Thomson's gazelles tion traits ungulates variation weaning Week of Age white-tailed deer Wildl winter yearlings