138 Route 53.-Geneva-Junction of the Arve-Salève. Geneva is chiefly distinguished for its beautiful situation, on the margin of an enchanting lake, whose gently-sloping banks are scattered over with villas, surrounded by gardens, and looking more like English country-houses than any to be found in other parts of the Continent. The rides, walks, and views in the vicinity are delightful, and almost endless; but the great charm of every prospect is the Mont Blanc, and the range of Alps of Savoy, when they deign to show themselves, which they do not, in perfect distinctness, more than 60 times a-year, on an average. There cannot be a more lovely sight than that of Mont Blanc, and the surrounding Aiguilles, tinged with the pink hue which the departing sun sheds upon them, in certain states of the atmosphere. The Ramparts, no longer of much use as fortifications, serve as promenades. Three suspension bridges of iron wire have been thrown over them, to facilitate ingress and egress between the town and surrounding country. The Bastion de Chante-poulet is a good point of view to see the lake and Mont Blanc. In the Cemetery of Plain Palais, a little way beyond the Porte Neuve, Sir Humphry Davy, who died here in 1829, is buried. In the bed of the lake lie many granitic boulders, transported from the high Alps. Two of these, a short distance beyond the port of Geneva, and a little to the S.E. of the town, are so large as to project above the water. They are called Pierres de Niton, from a tradition that sacrifices were offered upon them to the god Neptune by the Romans. Indeed instruments of sacrifice have been found near them. The junction of the Arve with the Rhone is worth visiting, and is best seen from the grounds of a country. house, called Chatellainie, or Campagne Matthieu, on the rt. bank of the road, about 1 mile beyond the Porte de Cornavin. On the way to it, Les Delices, a country-house of Voltaire, is passed. The Arve, a furious torrent, fed by the snows and glaciers of Mont Blanc, looks like a river of mud. The pellucid blue waters of the Rhone, though driven on one side by the furious entrance of its new ally, for a long time refuse to mix with it, and the line of separation between the blue and white water is most distinctly marked. At length the Arve gains the mastery, and the Rhone, once polluted, does not recover its purity before reaching the sea. On the S.E. side of Geneva rises the Mont Salève, a long line of limestone precipices, seeming to impend over the town, though it is in reality 5 miles off, and within the Sardinian territory. Those who are acquainted with Edinburgh may be reminded of Salisbury Crags in looking at it. The S. side of this mountain is a gentle slope, covered with verdant pasture, and sprinkled with houses. The whole of this vast inclined plane facing the Alps is strewn over with fragments of rock (protogîne), identical with that of which Mont Blanc is composed. By what agency they have been transported hither-a distance of 50 miles, as the crow flieslet the geologist explain. The largest of these masses is 7ft. long. The summit of the Salève, more than 3100 ft. above the lake, is frequently scaled by the inhabitants of Geneva, who make picnic parties to enjoy the view from its summit. The shortest road to it is by Carouge and Veyrier, 3 miles; whence a very steep path, practicable only on foot, leads up a gap in the mountain, partly formed by steps cut in the rock, and called Pas de l'Echelle, to the village of Monetier (pronounced Monte) 2 miles. Those who cannot walk may reach Monetier by a carriage-road, which makes a detour of 8 miles from Geneva, through the beautiful village of Mornex, at the back of the mountain. The pleasantest way is to be Route 53.-Geneva-Ferney. driven to Monetier, thence to ascend the Petit, or the Grand Salève, on foot, and to descend the Pas de l'Echelle on foot to Veyrier, whither the carriage may be sent round to wait for the party."-R. From Monetier to the top is about two miles. The view extends S. up the valley of the Arve over the Mole to Mont Blanc; E. over a vast expanse of the lake; N. to the town of Geneva, the Rhone, aud the Jura behind; W. the eye follows the valley of the Rhone as far as the gap in the Jura Mountain, through which the river forces its way into France. On the S. shore of the lake, about 2 miles from Geneva, and a little to the 1. of the high-road to Thonon, is the Campagne Diodati, Lord Byron's residence in 1816; where he wrote the greater part of his "Manfred," and the 3rd canto of "Childe Harold." The object of the greatest attraction to travellers, however, near Geneva, is, commonly, Ferney, the residence of Voltaire. It is situated within the French territory, about 5 miles N. of Geneva, on the road to Paris by Gex. On the way thither, near Grand Saconnex, an eminence presents one of the best points of view of Mont Blanc. Voltaire resided for nearly 20 years at Ferney, from 1759 to 1777. He may be said to be the founder of the village, which, before his time, consisted of but 6 or 8 hovels. He collected industrious colonists, introduced useful manufactures among them, and improved his estate of about 900 acres by draining, &c., besides building on it the Château which still exists. On the 1. hand, as you enter the gates, stands the Church, originally inscribed with the words "Deo erexit Voltaire ;" the Theatre stood opposite, in which his own tragedies were acted by amateurs, but it no longer exists. The Château was never handsome, and is now somewhat dilapidated. Two rooms are still preserv 139 ed, nearly in the state in which Voltaire left them. The furniture is faded by time, and decayed principally from the depredations of mischievous, relic-hunting visitors. The curtains of his bed are reduced to onethird of their original length by such thefts, and, if the practice be not arrested, will soon disappear altogether. On the walls of his bedroom hang some bad prints, but selected and placed there by himself; and worse paintings of his friends, Frederick the Great (a present from himself), Le Kain the actor, Catherine II. of Russia (executed in needle-work by her own hand), and Madame de Châstelet. The Russian Empress, it will be remembered, sent an embassy from St. Petersburg to Ferney to compliment the Nestor of poets. On one side of the room is a monument, intended to hold his heart, inscribed, "Mes manes son consolés puisque mon cœur est au milieu de vous:" it was set up by his adopted daughter, the Marquise de Vilette, and bears a strong resemblance to a German stove. By the side of it hang portraits of his seamstress, of the Savoyard boy, his servant, and of Pope Ganganelli. In the ante-room is a singular picture, painted by some artist of sign-post calibre, but designed by Voltaire himself. On the 1. hand he appears in the act of being introduced to Apollo by Henry IV., who holds in his hand a copy of the "Henriade." On the opposite side, the same Voltaire is seen conducted in triumph by the Muses to the Temple of Memory, while his enemies and detractors, prostrated before him, writhe in torments beneath his feet. The situation of Ferney is most charming, in full view of the lake and of Mont Blanc; but of its beauty Voltaire seems to have had no idea, or at least no taste for it, as the windows of the house are turned directly away from the landscape. In the garden is a long berceau walk 140 Route 53.-Geneva-Perte du Rhone. closely arched over with clipped horn beam a verdant cloister, with gaps cut in it, here and there, to admit a glimpse of the prospect. Here he used to walk up and down, and dictate to his secretary. Among the trees of the grove round the house is an elm, planted by his own hand in 1763: it was struck by lightning in 1824. The old gardener of Voltaire, who was living within a few years, related some curious particulars of his master. He was always addressed by the people of the village as "Monseigneur:" he drove out every day in a gilt coach, drawn by 4 horses, and he was a terror to all the little boys he met in his walks. Ferney, at present, belongs to the family of M. Budé de Boissy. Perte du Rhone. For travellers who are unacquainted with the route from Lyons to Geneva, the excursion to the Perte du Rhone at Bellegarde on the French frontier, may be recommended. The distance is about 16 miles, and by starting early it may easily be accomplished in a day. The road lies through St. Genix, where it turns off to the W., and skirts the base of the Jura to Collonges. A little beyond this village you enter "where the swift Rhone cleaves his way between Heights which appear as lovers who have parted." The lofty Vuache on the side of Savoy, and the huge mass of the highest part of the Jura chain, slope precipitously down to the torrent of the Rhone. The road hangs midway in this prodigious passage, and the celebrated Fort de l'Ecluse, the fortress which gives its name to the pass, commands this entrance of France. Infinite labour and expense have been used by the French Government to strengthen this position; ad ditional batteries have been hewn in the rock above the lower fortress, and these communicate with the guardrooms below by a broad staircase, more than 100 feet in height, hewn inside the solid mountain. Leave may sometimes be obtained from the governor to view the fortress; but at any rate the road passes through it, and enables the traveller to see something of its remarkable defences. From Collonges to Belle-garde (Hotel de la Poste) the road sweeps along the wild gorge through which the Rhone pours. At Belle-garde it crosses the narrow and rocky bed of the Valseline. The traveller will walk from the inn to the Perte du Rhone ( of a mile); he will find plenty of squalid guides to show him the spot where the river, which he has accompanied from the clear cistern of its waters through the rough mountain pass, plunges at once into the earth. When the waters are tolerably low, as in the spring or winter, the whole river is absorbed for a distance of 120 yards. No bottom has ever been found to the huge cavern which engorges the Rhone; nor has any substance or living thing thrown into it been kno in to come out again. The bed of the Valseline is more picturesque and scarcely less curious than the Perte. It is worth while to descend from the garden of the inn into the worn channel of this little river, which is almost dry in summer time, except where a runlet of its water burrows into the clefts and fantastic bends of the calcareous rock. Another pleasant excursion: may be made to D'Ivoune where the river Versoix takes its rise in a pretty grotto at the foot of the Jura; and people go to eat the small delicate trout which are taken in it. The view from the terrace of the Château D'Ivoune is very fine. The best road to go is by Coppet and Celigny (where the water-falls should also be visited), and to return by Ferney. The distance from Geneva to D'Ivoune is about 8 miles. Route 55.-Lake of Geneva. ROUTE 55. THE LAKE OF GENEVA. Lake Leman, in a Storm. "Thy sky is changed!-and such a change! Oh night, And storm, and darkness, ye are wondrous strong, Yet lovely in your strength, as is the light Of a dark eye in woman! Far along, From peak to peak, the rattling crags among Leaps the live thunder! Not from one lone cloud, But every mountain now hath found a tongue, And Jura answers, through her misty shroud, Back to the joyous Alps, who call to her aloud! 141 vene, That they can meet no more, though broken hearted! Though in their souls, which thus each other thwarted, Love was the very root of the fond rage Which blighted their life's bloom, and then departed: Itself expired, but leaving them an age Of years all winters, -war within themselves to wage. Now, where the quick Rhone thus hath cleft his way, The mightiest of the storms hath ta'en his stand: For here, not one, but many, make their play, And fling their thunder-bolts from hand to hand, Flashing and cast around: of all the band, The brightest through these parted hills hath fork'd Ilis lightnings,-as if he did understand, That in such gaps as desolation work'd, There the hot shaft should blast whatever therein lurk'd. And this is in the night:-Most glorious night! Thou wert not sent for slumber! let me A sharer in thy fierce and far delight,- And now again 'tis black,—and now, the Of the loud hills shakes with its mountain-mirth. As if they did rejoice o'er a 'young earthquake's birth. Sky, mountains, river, winds, lake, lightnings! ye! With night, and clouds, and thunder, and a soul 142 Route 55.-Lake of Geneva-Seiches. the shape of a half-moon, its horns being turned towards the S. It is the largest lake in Switzerland, being 55 miles long, measured close to its N. shore, and about 40 miles along its S. bank; it is 6 miles wide at the broadest part (between Rolle and Thonon), and its greatest depth (between Evian and Ouchy) is 900 ft. Its waters often vary in one year more than 50 inches, being usually lowest in the winter, between January and April, and highest in August and part of July and September, owing to the supplies then derived from the melting snows and glaciers. Besides these periodical variations, the lake is subject to other more arbitrary changes of level, called seiches. This phenomenon consists of a sudden rise and fall of the water in particular parts of the lake, independently of the agency of the wind or of any other apparent cause. It is most common in the vicinity of Geneva. During these oscillations the waters sometimes rise 5 ft., though the usual increase is not more than 2; it never lasts longer than 25 minutes, but is generally less. The cause of these seiches has not been explained with certainty, but it is believed to depend upon the unequal pressure of the atmosphere upon different parts of the surface of the lake; and they are observed to occur most commonly when the clouds are heavy and low. The lake never freezes entirely, owing to its great depth; but in severe winters the lower extremity is covered with ice. The sand and mud brought down by the Rhone and deposited around its mouth have caused considerable encroachments upon its upper extremity: even within the records of history Porte Vallais stood on its margin, and its basin is reported to have originally extended upwards as far as Bex. "Mon lac est le premier" are the words in which Voltaire has vaunted the beauties of the Lake of Geneva ; and it must be confessed that, though it wants the gloomy sublimity of the Bay of Uri and the sunny softness of the Italian lakes, with their olive and citron groves, it has high claims to admiration. It also possesses great variety of scenery. The vinecovered slopes of Vaud contrast well with the abrupt, rocky precipices of Savoy. Near Geneva the hills subside, admitting an exquisite view of Mont Blanc, whose snowy summit, though 60 miles distant, is often reflected in its waters. "Lake Leman woos me with its crystal face, The mirror where the stars and mountains view The stillness of their aspect in each trace Its clear depth yields of their far height and hue." At its eastern or upper extremity it extends to the very base of the high Alps, which by their close vicinity give its scenery a character of increased magnificence. The boats on the lake are very picturesque, having latine sails like the craft of the Mediterranean. Steam-boats, 1838.-There are 4 steamers on the Lake of Geneva. The best and swiftest of these, the Aigle and Vaudoise, run from Geneva to Villeneuve and back in 8 hours, almost as quickly as the other two perform the voyage from one end to the other. The Leman and Winhelried (the first is the best) set out from either end of the lake daily, and reach the opposite extremity in 7 or 8 hours. The fare is 50 batz. They stop to land and receive passengers at Coppet, Nyon, Rolle, Morges, Ouchy (the port of Lausanne), Vevay, and Villeneuve-all situated on the N. shore of the lake, and described in the next route. The S. or Savoyard shore is described in Route 57. ROUTE 56. GENEVA TO MARTIGNY, BY LAUSANNE, MAURICE. = ST. 17 posts 71 Eng. miles. This is a post-road, tolerably supplied with post-horses, the charges |