comport with the solemnity of the subject. But when these are stripped of their sparkling vestments, an overwhelming light is cast on persons and events that fully repays the student for his labor, and leads him to be thankful to the venerable and indefatigable commentator for all his investigations in the field of exegetics and the life of Jesus. This socalled handy form of theological thought is daily becoming more popular in Germany, and it is quite a significant occurrence when the author and editor of the largest Bible work of the period, in his old age takes up his pen to converse in familiar accents about the Book whose exegesis has been his life-work.

A new volume of Herzog's great work, "Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology," has just appeared, and, like its predecessors, is welcomed by the German public with gratitude. This is the ninth of the series, and it contains some very important articles on the history of the Reformation. These are: LUTHER by Köstlin, MELANCHTHON by Herrlinger, and the CATECHISM OF LUTHER by Zezschwitz. Then come articles entitled MARY, MESSIAH, LUKE, MARK, and MATTHEW. That on Mary treats of the abuses of the Romish Church in connection with the mother of Christ. Several articles that introduce us to the evangelical bodies of the hour are of especial interest, namely, the LUTHERANS, by Wangemann; METHODISTS, by Schöll; and METHODISM IN AMERICA, by Schaff. And while the history of the Lutheran separation presents a sorry picture of discord and dissolution, that on Methodism, with its twenty million adherents in England and America, shows this Church to be among the most influential of the world, to the astonishment of the Germans, who are still in doubt as to who these Methodists are. The article kindly declares that they are laying aside some of their early eccentricities, but neglects to add, which would have been but just, that they are annoying the Established Church with their aggressive missions.

"Peace between Church and State" is the title of a valuable work that has just appeared in Germany from the pen of a theologian of Brandenburg. It is a thorough treatise of the development of the conflict in Prussia between the Papacy and the Evangelical Church. Volume First treats of Emperor William, Pius IX., Leo XIII., and Bismarck. The author places himself on a conciliatory platform, and will find, if possible, some means of attaining peace and putting an end to the tiresome and endless Kultur Kampf, so called, without, at the same time, doing violence to the conscientiousness of the Protestant population of the realm. He protests energetically against the attacks of the Pope on Protestantism; and with a wealth of illustration follows the events of the period into minute details and the needs of the Church. The second volume, now in press and soon to appear, promises a thorough investigation and systematic presentation of the later events from the testimonies of the Romish Church, and also the political relations of the Evangelical Church to the State. The Prussian clergy receive the work. well, and wish it a large circulation with a view to throw the light of

history and reason on the present embarrassing relations between Church and State.

In the line of Old Testament literature, the latest work is the Commentary of Hitzig on the twelve Minor Prophets, enlarged by Steiner of Zurich, a loving pupil of the deceased theologian. The latter has added the rich material afforded by the studies of the last twenty years, but has not perhaps gone as thoroughly as he might into the work, out of love for the labor of his master, which he would treat with filial piety. This revision will keep this valuable work before the public, and the memory of its distinguished author fresh in the minds of his pupils. A Jewish scholar, Dr. Maybaum, in his work on "The Development of the Old Israelitish Priesthood," endeavors to prove that the Levitic priesthood was not formed till the period of the exile. In doing this he picks to pieces the Pentateuch, and leaves very little of the Mosaic period. A Roman Catholic author gives to the world another revision of Jeremiah, in which he pays special respect to the Vulgate, in contrast to Scholz. In this he gives a very practical exposition of several subjects of interest to the Catholic Church, such as celibacy, the unity of the Catholic Church, and he even goes into the discussion of cremation, attendance on Church, duties of servants, and the inevitable Kultur Kampf.

Herzog, whom we have already named in connection with the famous Encyclopedia, is a tireless Church publicist; he has just issued a Manual of Church History which excites considerable interest because it appears simultaneously with another of the same title by his colleague, Schmid. But the two works are of a very different ecclesiastical shade. Herzog is a liberal theologian, while Schmid is strict Lutheran. Herzog brings his narrative down to the beginning of the present century -Schmid comes down to the present period. Both are professors in Erlangen, and have long been active in academic work. Herzog occupies three times the space of Schmid, and brings the historical feature of his narrative into bold relief. Schmid's manual is rather designed for beginners in the study of Church History, while his colleague is more thorough and profound in the matter of historical development. Herzog is decidedly ahead in the fervor of evangelical conviction, and the vivacity and thoroughness of his mode of presentation. He promises another volume, or at least a supplement, which will bring his narrative down to the history of our century. This is to appear in about a year, and his friends hope that he may be able to keep his promise.

The latest statistics of the Prussian Protestant Church present some interesting features. It numbers, including Moravians, Old Lutherans, and Mennonites, 13,604,537; the Catholic Church, with its few variations of Christian Catholics, German Catholics, and Old Catholics, 8,517,150. The increase is on the Catholic side. The Protestant population predominates in Pomerania, Brandenburg, the city of Berlin, and East Prus

sia. The pastorates number 6,608, the church buildings 10,393. In Berlin there is a church edifice for every 9,000 souls, and a pastorate to every 8,000; there are in all 981,813 Protestants, with 123 pastorates and 108 church buildings. The provinces of Saxony, Brandenburg, and Pomerania are best provided with church appliances. So far as clerical power and church buildings are concerned, Berlin is worse off, numerically, than any of the most unfavorably placed districts. A review of the last twenty years of their church work shows a falling off numerically and comparatively in buildings and pastors. Since 1858, 1,000 churches have been newly built or restored, and of these 268 are in places that were previously without churches. On the whole, these figures are by no means gratifying, and should serve to alarm and stimulate the Protestant and religious population to be up and doing.

ART. XI.-QUARTERLY BOOK-TABLE.

Religion, Theology, and Biblical Literature.

Modern Anglican Theology. Chapters on Coleridge, Hare, Maurice, Kingsley, and Jewett, and on the Doctrine of Sacrifice and Atonement. Third edition, revised, to which is prefixed a Memoir of Canon Kingsley, with Personal Reminiscences. By Rev. JAMES H. RIGG, D.D., author of "Essays for the Times," "National Education," "The Living Wesley," "The Churchmanship of John Wesley," etc. 8vo, pp. 552. London: Wesleyan Conference Office, City Road. Discourses and Addresses on Leading Truths of Religion and Philosophy. By Rev. JAMES H. RIGG, D.D., author of "Modern Anglican Theology," etc. 8vo, pp. 454. London: Published for the Author. Wesleyan Conference Office, City Road. Dr. Rigg is personally known to a numerous circle of American friends, as more than once a visitor to our shores; twice in an official character, namely, as delegate to the Evangelical Alliance and British delegate to our General Conference. In English Methodism and outside Methodism he is known as a writer of great ability upon a varied range of subjects.

The first of the above volumes is mainly a collection of portraitures and critical estimates of the most eminent personages who were recognized as leaders of what was called the Broad Church. Prefixed (should it not have been added?) to these in the present volume is quite a full biography of Kingsley, between whom and the writer existed a personal friendship. This survey of the modern "Låtitudinarian School of Divines" is critical but courteous, and forms a series of complete delineations, attractive to the thoughtful reader, and very satisfactory to those desirous of studying the Broad Church movement; a movement full of

interest, and instructive in its bearings upon our theological present and future. Several of these sketches were written in Dr. Rigg's earlier prime for our American Methodist Quarterly Review in the golden days of Dr. M'Clintock's editorship. But the absurd practice of concealing the names of the contributors, then maintained, deprived the writer here of his meed of fame, and rendered us ignorant whom we were to thank for the entertainment and instruction we enjoyed. In dealing with these brilliant men Dr. Rigg is faithful to his trust. He firmly maintains against them the "sacrificial theology." Perhaps he has a shade or so more of the "commercial" view of the atonement than we should prefer. But his volume is well worthy the perusal of our theological inquirers.

The record of these two volumes consists mostly of addresses to public audiences. The first three are upon topics of Christian philosophy. The next seven are discourses called forth by the events of the year in which Dr. Rigg was President of the British Conference. The third section consists of contemplations of the scenes of the earlier ministry of our Lord. A fourth is made up of Educational Addresses, a subject of which Dr. Rigg's educational position has made him master. Though mostly delivered in public, the style is not highly oratorical or ornate. Dr. Rigg is eminently master of a pure and elevated English diction; his spirit is courteous toward even the most opposite opinions; he is free from all mannerisms; his views of things, though not enthusiastically optimistic, are cheering and hopeful; his surveys of the age in comparison with the past and future bespeak the true Christian philosopher.

Perhaps the choicest specimen of the volume is his address delivered in 1878 before the Victoria Institute of London, Lord Shaftesbury in the chair, on the present state of English Christianity. Its retrospective glance finds antichristianity far more menacing formerly than now. He gives very much in description the same view as Dr. Dorchester has, with so much affluence of facts, demonstrated by statistical figures. "Ten years ago," he tells us, "infidelity was more confident in its tone, notwithstanding all that has since been published in the way of skeptical argument or speculation, than it is to-day. Ten years ago it was not suspected by many how much support Christianity could claim from philosophy, or how powerfully the defenders of Christianity would be able to maintain their contention against the usurpations and dogmatism of science." He

then traces the surging flood of infidelity as it rose in the eighteenth century, when it was met and overthrown by Berkeley, Paley, Butler, and Campbell. Yet these received a mighty reenforcement from the great Methodist revival among the humbler ranks, followed by the evangelical Calvinistic Low Church revival led by Simeon in Cambridge University. "Charles Simeon, entering into the field at Cambridge which his erratic predecessor, Rowland Hill, had helped to prepare, gave form and direction to the Evangelical Low Church movement. In this he was greatly aided by the authority and influence of Dr. Milner, Dean of Carlisle, and Master of Queen's College, Cambridge. Joseph Milner's Church History'-he was the brother of the dean-Scott's 'Commentary,' and even the 'Olney Hymns,' had furnished a necessary apparatus and basis for the work of leavening the Church of England with Evangelical ideas and life which Simeon organized. Earlier still, indeed, the preaching of Romaine in London and Venn in Yorkshire had also helped to prepare the way for an Evangelical revival in the Church; but of the Evangelical movement in its permanent organization Simeon's preaching at Cambridge and his personal intercourse with the undergraduates maintained the central energy and impulse, while his unbounded liberality in the use of his private fortune for the planting throughout the country of Evangelical clergymen, and the foundation of well-guarded trusts in the interests of Evangelical orthodoxy, especially in the most influential town centers and the most frequented places of fashionable resort, enabled him to lay wide and firm the basis of Low Church Evangelical revival and extension. He died little more than forty years ago, just, indeed, as the earlier preludings of the High Church revival were beginning to produce a sensible effect, not only in Oxford, but through a widening circle. During fifty years preceding he had been doing his work at Cambridge. John Wesley, for six years before his own death, had known him, and had hailed him as an earnest fellow-laborer. His labors thus occupied the interval between John Wesley and the rise of the Oxford High Church party. The movement of which he was the leading organizer must be reckoned as the second wave of religious influence which, during the past hundred years, has spread widely through the land." The third revival wave sprang from the influence of Wilberforce and his friends and allies, who was "in many respects the forerunner of Lord Shaftesbury." The last religious wave was the Oxford ritualistic