Pushes his prudent purpose to resolve ;
In all the magnanimity of thought,

Resolves, and re-resolves, then dies the same. 4. And why? Because he thinks himself immortal. All men think all men mortal, but themselves; Themselves, when some alarming shock of fate Strikes through their wounded hearts the sudden dread; But their hearts wounded, like the wounded air, Soon close; where, past the shaft, no trace is found. As from the wing no scar the sky retains; The parted wave no furrow from the keel; So dies in human hearts the thought of death. Ev'n with the tender tear which Nature sheds O'er those we love, we drop it in their grave.

YOUNG

That philosophy, which stops at secondary causes, reproved.
1. HAPPY the man who sees a God employ'd
In all the good and ill that checker life!
Resolving all events, with their effects
And manifold results, into the will
And arbitration wise of the Supreme.
Did not his eye rule all things, and intend

The least of our concerns; since from the least
The greatest oft originate ;) could chance
Find place in his dominion, or dispose
One lawless particle to thwart his plan;
Then God might be surpris'd, and unforeseen
Contingence might alarm him, and disturb
The smooth and equal course of his affairs.
2. This truth, philosophy, though eagle-ey'd
In nature's ten lencies, oft o'erlooks;
And having found his instrument, forgets
Or disregards, or, more presumptuous still,
Denies the pow'r that wields it. God proclaims
His hot displeasure against foolish men
That live an atheist life; involves the heav'n
In tempests; quits his grasp upon the winds,
And gives them all their fury; bids a plague
Kindle a fiery boil upon the skin,

And putrefy the breath of blooming health;
3. He calls for famine, and the meagre fiend
Blows mildew from between his shrivel'd lips,
And taints the golden ear; he springs his mines
And desolates a nation at a blast:

Forth steps the spruce philosopher, and tells
Of homogeneal and discordant springs
And principles; of causes, how they work
By necessary laws their sure effects,
Of action and re-action.

He has found

The source of the disease that nature feels;
And bids the world take heart and banish fear.
Thou fool! will thy discov'ry of the cause

Suspend th' effect, or heal it? Has not God

Still wrought by means since first he made the world?
And did he not of old employ his means

To drown it? What is his creation less
Than a capacious reservoir of means,
Form'd for his use, and ready at his will?

Go, dress thine eyes with eye-salve; ask of him,

Or ask of whomsoever he has taught;

And learn, though late, the genuine cause of all. CowPER.
SECTION XI.

Indignant sentiments on national prejudices and hatred; and on slavery.

1. Он, for a lodge in some vast wilderness,
Some boundless contiguity of shade,
Where rumour of oppression and deceit,
Of unsuccessful or successful war,

Might never reach me more! My ear is pain'd,
My soul is sick with ev'ry day's report

Of wrong and outrage with which earth is fill'd.
There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart;
It does not feel for man. The nat'ral bond
Of brotherhood is sever'd, as the flax
That falls asun ler at the touch of fire.
2. He finds his fellow guilty of a skin

Not colour'd like his own, and having pow'r
T'enforce the wrong, for such a worthy cause
Dooms and devotes him as his lawful prey.
Lands intersected by a narrow frith

Abhor each other. Mountains interpos'd,
Make enemies of nations, who had else,
Like kindred drops, been mingled into one.
3. Thus man devotes his brother, and destroys;
And worse than all, and most to be deplor'd,
As human nature's broadest, foulest blot,
Chains him, and tasks him, and exacts his sweat
With stripes, that mercy, with a bleeding heart,
Weeps when she sees inflicted on a beast.

4. Then what is man! And what man seeing this,
And having human feelings, does not blush
And hang his head, to think himself a man.
I would not have a slave to till my ground,
To carry me, to fan me while I sleep,

And tremble when I wake, for all the wealth
That sinews bought and sold have ever earn'd.
5. No: dear as freedom is, and in my heart's
Just estimation priz'd above all price;

I had much rather be myself the slave,
And wear the bonds, than fasten them on him.
We have no slaves at home-then why abroad?
And they themselves once ferried o'er the wave
That parts us, are emancipate and loos'd.
6. Slaves cannot breathe in England: if their lungs
Receive our air, that moment they are free;

They touch our country, and their shackles fall.
That's noble, and bespeaks a nation proud
And jealous of the blessing. Spread it then,
And let it circulate through ev'ry vein

Of all your empire; that where Britain's power
Is felt, mankind may feel her mercy too.

COWPER.

CHAPTER IV.

DESCRIPTIVE PIECES.

SECTION I.

The morning in summer.

1. THE meek-ey'd morn appears, mother of dews,
At first faint gleaming in the dappled east;
Till far o'er ether spreads the wid'ning glow;
And from before the lustre of her face

White break the clouds away. With quicken'd step
Brown night retires. young day pours in apace,
And opens all the lawny prospect wide.

2. The dripping rock, the mountain's misty top,
Swell on the sight, and brighten with the dawn.
Blue, thro' the dusk, the smoking currents shine;
And from the bladed field the fearful hare
Limps, awkward: while along the forest-glade
The wild deer trip, and often turning gaze
At early passenger. Musick awakes

The native voice of undissembled joy;

And thick around the woodland hymns arise.

3. Rous'd by the cock, the soon-clad shepherd leaves
His mossy cottage, where with peace he dwells;
And from the crowde fold, in order, drives
His flock to taste the verdure of the morn.
Falsely luxurious, will not man awake;
And, springing from the bed of sloth, enjoy
The cool, the fragrant, an the silent hour,
To meditation due and sacred song?

4. For is there aught in sleep can charm the wise ?
To lie in dead oblivion, losing half

The fleeting moments of too short a life;
Total extinction of th' enlighten'd soul!
Or else to feverish vanity alive,

Wilder'd, and tossing thro' distemper'd dreams?
Who would, in such a gloomy state, remain
Longer than nature craves; when ev'ry muse
And every blooming pleasure waits without,
To bless the wildly devious morning walk?

SECTION II.

THOMSON.

Rural sounds, as well as rural sights, delightful.

1. NOR rural sights alone, but rural sounds Exhilarate the spirit, and restore

The tone of languid nature. Mighty winds,

That sweep the skirt of some far-spreading wood
Of ancient growth, make musick, not unlike
The dash of ocean on his winding shore,
And lull the spirit while they fill the mind,
Unnumber'd branches waving in the blast,
And all their leaves fast flutt'ring all at once.
2. Nor less composure waits upon the roar
Of distant floods; or on the softer voice
Of neighb'ring fountain; or of rills that slip
Through the cleft rock, and, chiming as they fall
Upon loose pebbles, lose themselves at length
In matted grass, that, with a livelier green,
Betrays the secret of their silent course.
Nature inanimate employs sweet sounds;
But animated nature sweeter still,

To sooth and satisfy the human ear.

3. Ten thousand warblers cheer the day, and one
The live-long night. Nor these alone, whose notes
Nice finger'd art must emulate in vain;

But cawing rooks, and kites that swim sublime,
In still repeated circles, screaming loud,
The jay, the pye, and ev'n the boding owl
That hails the rising moon, have charms for me.
Sounds inharmonious in themselves, and harsh,
Yet heard in scenes where peace for ever reigns,
And only there, please highly for their sake.

SECTION III.
The rose.

COWPER.

1. THE rose had been wash'd, just wash'd in a shower,
Which Mary to Anna convey'd;

The plentiful moisture encumber'd the flower,
And weigh'd down its beautiful head.

2. The cup was all fill'd, and the leaves were all wet,
And it seem'd to a fanciful view,

To weep for the buds it had left with regret,
On the flourishing bush where it grew.

3. I hastily seiz'd it, unfit as it was

For a nosegay, so dripping and drown'd;
And swinging it rudely, too rudely, alas!
I snapp'd it-it fell to the ground.

4. And such, I exclaim'd, is the pitiless part,
Some act by the delicate mind,

Regardless of wringing and breaking a heart,
Already to sorrow resign'd.

5. This elegant rose, had I shaken it less,

Might have bloom'd with its owner awhile: And the tear that is wip'd with a little address, May be follow'd perhaps by a smile.

SECTION IV.

Care of birds for their young. 1. As thus the patient dam assiduous sits, Not to be tempted from her tender task,

COWPER.

2.

3.

Of by sharp hunger, or by smooth delight,
Tho' the whole loosen'd spring around her blows,
Her sympathizing partner takes his stand
High on th' opponent bank, and ceaseless sings
The tedious time away; or else supplies
Her place a moment, while she sudden flits
To pick the scanty meal.

Th' appointed time
With pious toil fulfill'd, the callow young,
Warm'd and expanded into perfect life,

Their brittle bondage break, and come to light,
A helpless family, demanding food

With constant clamour. O what passions then,
What melting sentiments of kindly care,

On the new parents seize!

Away they fly
Affectionate, and undesiring bear

The most delicious morsel to their young;
Which equally distributed, again

The search begins. Even so a gentle pair,

By fortune sunk, but form'd of gen'rous mould,
And charm'd with cares beyond the vulgar breast
In some lone cot amid the distant woods,

Sustain❜d alone by providential Heav'n,

Oft, as they weeping eye their infant train,

Check their own appetites, and give them all. THOMSON.
SECTION V.

Liberty and slavery contrasted. Part of a letter written from
Italy by Addison.

1. How has kind Heav'n adorn'd the happy land,
And scatter'd blessings with a wasteful hand!
But what avail her unexhausted stores,

Her blooming mountains, and her sunny shores,
With all the gifts that heav'n and earth impart,
The smiles of nature, and the charms of art,
While proud oppression in her valleys reigns,
And tyranny usurps her happy plains?
The poor inhabitant beholds in vain

The redd'ning orange, and the swelling grain;
Joyless he sees the growing oils and wines,
And in the myrtle's fragrant shade repines.
2. Oh, Liberty, thou pow'r supremely bright,
Profuse of bliss, and pregnant with delight!
Perpetual pleasures in thy presence reign;
And smiling plenty leads thy wanton train.
Eas'd of her load, subjection grows more light;
And poverty looks cheerful in thy sight.
Thou mak'st the gloomy face of nature gay;
**** Giv'st beauty to the sun, and pleasure to the day.
On foreign mountains, may the sun refine

The grape's soft juice, and mellow it to wine;
With citron groves adorn a distant soil,

And the fat olive swell with floods of oil: