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APPIA AQUA. See CLAUDIA.
APPIA PORTA. See CAPENA.

APPIA VIA, a way reaching from
Rome through Capua to Brundu-
fum, between three hundred and
thirty and three hundred and fifty
miles long. Appius Claudius, fur-
named Caecus, in the year of the
city four hundred and forty one,
carried it from the Porta Capena to
Capua, Livy, Frontinus.
It was
afterwards carried on to Brundu-
fium, but by whom, or when, is
uncertain. It was laid with a very
hard ftone, brought from a great
diftance, large, and fquared, Diodo-
rus; and it was fo wide, that several
waggons could go a-breaft. Statius
calls it the Queen of Roads. Its
courfe is defcribed by Horace, Stra-
bo, and Antonine.

APPIARIA, a town of Moefia Inferior,

on the Danube, Antonine, Aga-
thodaemon, Peutinger, and the No.
titiae.

APPII FORUM. See FORUM,
APRI, a Roman colony, Ptolemy; on

the river Melas of Thrace; called alfo Apros Colonia, fingular, Pliny, Stephanus; this colony is fuppofed to be established by Claudius. Now -Aprio. E. Long. 15° 4', Lat. 42o 50'.

APROSITOS, one of the Fortunate

Inlands, Ptolemy; fuppofed to be the fame with OMBRIOS, which fee. APRUSA, a river of Gallia Cifalpina, Pliny; now the Plufa, rifing in mount S. Marino, then running north for twelve miles, falls at length into the Adriatic, near Ariminum.

APRUSTUM, Abryftum, Pliny; or Abyfirum, Ptolemy; a town of the Brutii, Pliny; to the north of Thurii, the laft town of Lucania, Ptolemy.

APSALUS, an inland town of Macedonia, near Europus, on the river Axius, Ptolemy.

APSARUM,

APSARUS, SABSARUM.

APSORUS,

APSORRUS,

See

ABSARUS.

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atic, between Dyrrhacium and A. pollonia, on the coaft of Illyricùm. APSYRTIDES,? See ABSORUS.

APTA, or Apta Julia, Pliny; now Apte, in Provence, on the river Ca-lavon, feven leagues to the north of Aix, and nine to the north of Avignon. In the Notitiae it is called Civitas Aptenfium: Pliny reckons it among the Latin Towns. That it was a colony appears from an infcription on a stone found at Arles, Sirmond. E. Long. 5o 56', Lat. 43° 236.

APTERA, Strabo, Stephanus; Apteron, Pliny; Apteria, Ptolemy; an inland town of Crete, whose port was Cifamus, on the weft fide of the inland, Strabo; twelve miles to the fouth of Cydonia, towards the Montes Leuci, and as many from the Sinus Amphimales. So called from the Sirenes, who being there vanquished in fong by the Mufes, ftript themselves of their wings, and out of grief leapt into the fea, Stephanus; who fays, there was a town of Lycia of the fame name. E. Long. 25°, Lat. 35° 50'. APTUCHI FANUM, Ptolemy; called Aptungis by St. Auguftine, a town of Cyrene on the Mediterranean. APUA, a town of Liguria, on the borders of Tuscany. The gentilitious name is Apuani, Livy. Now Pontremoli, at the foot of the Appenine. E. Long. 10, Lat. 43° 52'.

APULIA, now Puglia, a territory of Italy, bordering on the Adriatic, and extending from the river Frento to Tarentum in length, and from the Adriatic to the Lucani in breadth. Apuli the people, Horace : divided into the Apulia Daunia, now called Puglia Piana, or the Capitanata; and into the Apulia Peucetia, now Terra di Barri, Pliny, Ptolemy. Apulia abounded in fheep, which yielded the finest wool, Martial. Peucetii, the people, Pliny; a branch of whom were called Poediculi, Strabo; Pediculi, Pliny. APULUM, Apulum Auguftum, or Apu lenfis Colonia. See ALBA JULIA. APUSCIDAMUS, a lake of Africa, in which all bodies float and none fink, Pliny.

APYRAE.

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AQUA CRABRA. See CRABRA. That AQUA MARTIA. See MARTIA. AQUA VIRGO. See VIRGO.

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AQUAE APOLLINARES, Antonine; a place of Etruria, near Mons Argentarius, between Rome and Cofa, now extinct. Cluverius confounds it with the Aquae Caeretanae, the former being at a greater distance from Caere, as appears by the Itinerary.

AQUAE AUGUSTAE, Ptolemy; Aquae Tarbellicae, Antonine; Aquenfis Civitas, in the Notitia. Now Acqs, or Dax, a town in Gafcony, on the river Adour, famous for its baths. W. Long. 1° 40′, Lat. 43° 56'. AQUAE BILBILITANAE, Antonine; baths twenty-four miles to the weft of Bilbilis: now Banos de Alhama, in Arragon.

AQUAE CALIDAE, Ptolemy; Aquae Solis, Antonine; a place of the Belgae in Britain, famous for its hot waters: now Bath, in Somerfetshire, W. Long. 1° 5', Lat. 51° 20'. AQUAE CALIDAE, Ptolemy; Aquical-denjes, Pliny; formerly in great repute, and a public bath; whofe ruins ftill remain teftimonies of the Roman grandeur. Now Orenfe, in Gallicia, ftill famous for its baths; on the river Minho, fifty-four miles fouth-east of Compoftella. W. Long. 8° 30′, Lat. 42o 30'. Also a place in the bay of Carthage, Strabo. Other Aquicaldenjes, to the north of Gerunda in Catalonia, Ptolemy. AQUAE CALIDAE, a colony, between the rivers Serbetes and Savus, in Mauretania Caefarienfis, Ptolemy. AQUAE CELENIAE, Ptolemy; or Cilimae, Autonine: now Caldas, a hamlet on the Minho, in Gallicia. AQUAE CICERONIANAE. See ACA

DEMIA.

AQUAE CONVENARUM, a hamlet of Gaul, in Aquitaine, Antonine; and on the borders of the Convenae, or le Cominge, at the foot of the Py

renees, near the fource of the Ga ronne. Now Bagneres. W. Long. 3° 39', Lat. 42° 20′.

AQUAE CUMANAE,,baths near Cumae, reckoned falutary, Livy. AQUAE CUTILIAE, a lake of the Sabines, in the territory of Reate, Pliny; Lacus Cutilienfis, Varro; with a moveable inland in it, Seneca, Pliny; Suppofed to be the centre of Italy, Varro. The waters are medicinal, and extremely cold, good for a weak ftomach and in weak nerves; they feemed to act by a kind of fuction, which approached to a bite, Pliny. Vefpafian used them every fummer; and there he died, Sueton, Xiphilin from Dio. Now Lago di Contigliano.

AQUAE DACICAE, fourteen miles to the eaft of the metropolis Sarmizaegethufa, Ptolemy, Peutinger; with an illuftrious Roman monument, infcribed, Ad Aquas.

AQUAEDUCTUS KOMANI. These Aqueducts greatly added to the magnificence of Rome. The waters were conducted from a great diftance, and where the nature of the fituation required, the channel of the aqueduct was raised on arches. The principal were the Aqua Appia, called alfo Claudia, from Appius Claudius. The others were the Martia, the Virgo, and the Anio Vetus; which fee under thofe names. 'There were feven in all, till the time of Caligula, who began two new Aquaeducts, which his fucceffor Claudius completed and dedicated; the one was called Claudia; the other, the Anio Novus. There was another called Aqua Crabra, conducted from the territory of Tufculum, Cicero: but Agrippa diftributed this water among the villas of Tufculum, Frontinus. AQUAE FLAVIAE, a town on the confines of Gallicia and Portugal, fo called from Vefpafian and Titus. The inhabitants are called Aquiflavienfes, Coins. Now called Chiaves, a mean hamlet: but the ruins of its bridge teftify its former grandeur. W. Long. 6° 6', Lat. 41° 40′. AQUAE FLUMINA, the ancient name of Seleucia, in Syria, a strong fortrefs, and impregnable city, Strabo. See SELEUCIA.

AQUAE

AQUAE HELVETIAE,defcribed by Tacitus as a municipal town, and much frequented for its excellent water, and though he does not mention its name, Cluverius fuppofes it to be Baden, in Swifferland, on the rivulet Limat, which foon after falls into the Aar. It is called the Upper, to diftinguish it from another called the Lower Baden, in Alface. E. Long. 8° 49', Lat. 47° 55'. AQUAE MEROM, Jofhua; famous for

the defeat of Jabin; fuppofed to be the lake called Samachonitis, or Semechonitis, by Jofephus; into which the river Jordan falls, before it comes to the fea of Genelereth, or Galilee.

AQUAE MOESICAE, Antonine; Ad Aquas, Peutinger; placed by Procopius next to Trajan's bridge; a town of Moefia Superior. AQUAE NISINCAE. See ALISINCUM. AQUAE PANNONIAE, famous baths

of Auftria, now called Baden, twenty-eight miles to the fouth of Vienna.

AQUAE PATAVINAE, are baths in the territory of Venice, near Padua, Pliny; called Fontes Aponi, Livy, Martial; now Bagni d'Abano. E. Long 13° 48', Lat. 45° 15'. AQUAE QUERQUERNAE,Antonine; a place in Gallicia, in Spain. AQUAE QUINTIANAE, put by Ptolemy in room of the Aquae Cilinae of Antonine. Now fuppofed to be Sarria, a town of Gallicia, on a rivulet of the fame name, three leagues to the fouth of Lugo. AQUAE REGIAE, a fpring, or perhaps a bath, below the citadel of Chimera, in Acroceraunia of Epirus, Pliny. Also a town of Africa Propria, to the fouth west of Adrumetum, Antonine. AQUAE SEXTIAE, a colony, to the north of Marfeilles, fo called, both from the founder Sextius Calvinus, and from its quantity of water, and number of cold and hot fprings; built after the defeat of the Salyes, or Salvii, whofe territory in the fouth of Provence reached from the Rhone to the borders of Italy, Livy, Velleius, Strabo, Ptolemy. By an infcription the colony appears to have been either increased or renewed by Auguftus. In the Notitia it is

called Civitas Aquenfis, now Aix.Here the Teutones and Cimbri were defeated with a great flaughter by Marius. E. Long. 6o 4', Lat. 48° 4'. AQUAE SINUESSANAE, falutary waters of Sinueffa, in Campania, Livy ; which cured barrennefs in women, and infanity in men, Pliny, Martial; fituate between Sinueffa, and the Ager Falernus, on the borders of Campania, Livy. And from thofe hot waters, Sinuefa is called Tepens, Sil. Italicus; ufed by the emperor Claudius, Tacitus. AQUAE SOLIS. See AQUAE CALIDAE of Britain.

AQUAE STATIELLAE, or Statiellorum, Pliny; a town in Liguria, on the river Bormia: now Acqui, a town of Montferrat. The gentilitious name is Statielli, or Statiellates, Livy; or Statiellenfes, Pliny, Cicero : the epithet is Statiellas, atis; as in agro Statiellati, Livy. E. Long. 8° 40', Lat. 44° 45'•

AQUAE TARBELLICAE. See AQUAE AUGUSTAE.

AQUAE TAURI, hot waters or baths, in Tufcany, at the distance of three miles from the fea, faid to be dif covered by a bull, hence the appellation. There, are ftill to be seen the ruins of thefe baths. The people are called Aquenfes Taurini, Pliny. Now Acquapendente, in Orvieto, E. Long. 12° 40', Lat. 42° 40'. AQUA VOCONIAE, Antonine: now Caldes de Malavella, in Catalonia, towards Barcelona.

AQUAE VOLATERRANAE. See VOLA

TERRAE.

AQUENSES TAURINI. See AQUAE
TAURI.
AQUENSIS CIVITAS. See AQUAE
AUGUSTAE, and AQUAE SEX-

TIAE.

AQUICALDENSES. See AQUAE CA-
LIDAE of Spain.
AQUIFLAVIENSES, See AQUAE FLA-

VIAE.

AQUILARIA, a place of Africa Propria, twenty-two miles from Clupea, with a commodious road in fummer, contained between two high promontories, Caefar. AQUILEIA, a large city of the Carni, or Veneti, and a noble Roman colony, which was led thither between

the

the first and fecond Macedonian wars, Livy. It is washed by two rivers, the Natifo and Turrus, Pliny. The reason of leading this colony was, in order to be a bulwark against the neighbouring barbarians. The colony was afterwards encreased with fifteen hundred families by a decree of the fenate, Livy. From which it became a very famous port-town, Herodian. The emperor Julian afcribes the appellation to the augury of an eagle at the time of building it; but Ifaac Voffius on Mela, to the great plenty of water, as if the town were called Aquilegia. The harbour, at the mouth of the Natifo, is diftant fixty ftadia from the city; fo that fhips of burden are towed up the river, Strabo. It is ftill called Aquileia, but greatly fallen from its former fplendor. E. Long. 15° 32', Lat. 45° 45'

AQUILO VENTUS, a north-east wind, Seneca; fo called from the impetuo. fity of an eagle, Feftus. See its defcription in Virgil. Those winds are alfo called Aquilones, which for almoft eight days precede the rising of the dog ftar, and continue blowing for forty, called Etefiae, and Prodromi.

AQUINCUM. See ACINCUM. AQUINUM, a large and confiderable

town, Strabo, Sil. Italicus; municipal, Cicero; and a Roman colony, Tacitus: a town of the Latins, on the borders of the Samnites, washed by the river Melpha, Strabo. The birth-place of Juvenal, as he himfeif reftifes. The inhabitants are called Aquinates. Now Aquino, but almoft in ruins, in the territory of Lavoro. E. Long. 17° 11', Lat. 41° 35'.

AQUITANIA, one of the three principal divifions of Gallia Comata, Caefar; bounded by the Garonne, the Pyrennes, and the Ocean; this is the Aquitania Caefariana, or Vea. Auguftus fet different boundaries, viz. the Loire, the Cevennes, the Pyrenees, and the Ocean, Strabo. It was called Gallia Aqui tanica, Pliny; and in the old Notitiae, Provincia Aquitanica. The people are called Aquitani, Caefar. Now comprising Guienne (which

feems to be a corruption of Aqui
tania) and Gafcony.

AR, the metropolis of Moab, in Arabia Petraea, Mofes; and the royal refidence, fituate on the eaft fide of the river Arnon: It was called alfo Rabba, Joshua; and to diftinguish it from Rabba of the Ammonites, Rabbat Moab, and on coins, Rabbath Moma, Reland. Eufebius fays it was called Areopolis in his time, from Ar and Polis. The inhabitants are called Areopolitae.

ARA AMORIS, a promontory of Egypt, on the Arabian Gulf, in the Troglodytis, Ptolemy.

ARAB, a town in the tribe of Judah,
Joshua.

ARABELA, or Arbela, an ancient town
of Sicily, Stephanus; but its fitua-
tion unknown. The inhabitants
were accounted filly and fpiritless:
hence the proverb, What will you
come to, if you go to Arbela, id.
ARABIA, an extenfive country of Afia,
reaching from Egypt to Chaldea;
and on the other fide, from the Eu-
phrates, which washes Syria, to the
mouth of the Arabian Gulf, where -
it joins the ocean. It is divided in-
to three greater parts; viz. Petraea,
Deferta, and Felix, and forins a
peninfula, between two great gulfs,
the Arabian to the weft, the Per-
fian to the east, and the ocean to
the fouth. Ptolemy is author of
this threefold divifion, before whofe
time it was only divided into De-
ferta and Felix. The origin of the
appellation is varioufly affigned;
namely, as denoting either a cham-
paign and defart country, or a mixt
people, or promifcuous, unlawful
copulations. Some imagine that
the 'g in Homer, denotes the
Arabs, as if they were called 'Egeμvoi,
black, dark. De la Cerda pretends,
that by Arabs are meant robbers;
as by Canaanites, merchants, and by
Chaldeans, aftrologers. It is not for
nothing, fays Bochart, that an A-
rab, the evening, and a raven are
ail from the fame root.
ARABIA DESERTA, now called Arden,
one of the grand divifions of Ara-
bia, extending from the deferts of
Palmyra, on the fouth of the Eu-
phrates, to Chaldea; having on the
weft a part of Syria and Arabia
Petraea;

K

Petraca; on the north, a part of Mefopotamia, from which it is feparated by the Euphrates, as it bends eastward; on the east, by Chaldea, or Babylonia, from which it is parted by a range of mountains; on the fouth, by Arabia Felix, feparated from it alfo by mountains, Ptolemy. From Thapfacus, at the eaft bend of the Euphrates, Ptolemy begins Arabia Deferta, which he makes the first town, fituate on the Euphrates; and famous for a paffage and bridge, which both the laft DaJius and Alexander crotted: but we have followed Pliny and Stepha

us, and have begun it in the Pal

myrene. ARABIA FELIX, Eudaemon, Pliny: now called Ayman, or Jemin, lying to the fouth of Arabia Deferta and Petraea, is confined to a fort of peninfula by the Perfian Gulf on the eaft, and the Arabian on the west, with the ocean to the fouth; and called Felix, or Eudaemon, from the great produce of perfumes; for which reafon its more foutherly part is called Aromatophorus, Strabo; the country of the Sabaei: the epithet Eudaemon is peculiar to it,id. The ancients prior to Ptolemy, and especially Eratofthenes, accounted all Arabia, which was without the limits of drabia Felix, to the Deferta, as it really is, becaufe what Ptolemy and others called Petraca, is for the most part rugged and uncultivated. ARABIA PETRAEA, Diofcorides; ly ing more to the welt, called alfo Nabathaea, Pliny. The appellation Petraea, is from Petra, the capital and royal refidence; which cannot be older than the time of the Mace. donians, as Petra is Greek. It is bounded by the bay of the Red Sea, and by the ifthmus of Egypt on the weft; on the north by Palestine, and Coclefyria; by Arabia Deferta on the east; and on the fouth by a chain of mountains, which feparate it from Arabia Felix

ARABIA PHILADELPHENSIS, the more w.te ly part of Arabia Petraea, conorifing the country of the Ammonites and Moabites, lying along the east fid- of the river Jordan; fo called from Philadi hia, the more

modern name of Rabbath Ammon, Jofephus, Ptolemy.

ARABIA SCENITARUM, is the lower and more foutherly part of Mefopotamia, to the north of the east bend of the Euphrates, inhabited by the Arabes Scenitae, Xenophon,

Strabo.

ARABIAE NOMOS, is a nomos of Egypt, without the Delta, towards Arabia, Ptolemy.

ARABICUS SINUS, the Arabian Gulf, ftretching out from north to fouth between Afia and Africa, for eleven hundred miles, with Arabia Petraea and Felix on the east, from which it has it name, and with Egypt and Ethiopia to the weft. Its greatest breadth is two hundred and fifty miles, and it is feparated from the ocean, by the ftrait of Babelmandel. Its navigation is dangerous on the account of the fhelves, fhoals, and rocks towards each fide, but espe. cially towards Arabia. Dionyfius, and the author of the book de Munde, with moft Greek writers, always diftinguifh this Gulf, from the Mare Rubrum, which they make a part of the Ocean between India and Ethiopia. And fome Roman authors, extend the name Mare Rubrum, to the Arabian and Perfian gulfs, which are arms of that Ocean; as Seneca, who by Fretum Rubens, means the Perfian Gulf, into which the Tigris falls; and Pliny, by Mare Rubrum, often means the Arabian in common with the Perfian Gulf, as do alfo the Seventy, and the author of the Epiftle to the Hebrews; as being parts of the Oceanus Ruber, as it is called by Horace, or Mare Rubrum, Solinus. And though the Seventy tranflate Jam Suph, the Hebrew name of the Arabian Gulf, Le Gea Sáharsa, yet this is not to be understood as if both names were of cqual extent; but that the one is a part of the other. It is now called Mar di Mecca. ARABIES. See ARBITAE. ARABIS. See ARABIUS. ARABISSUS, a town of Armenia Minor, on the confines of Comagene, Antonine.

ARABIUS, Arrian; a river of Gedrofia, called alfo Arabis, Ptolemy; Arbis, Strabo, Artabis, Marcianus;

and

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