Egypt. The high priest Onias, built a temple here, held in great efteem by the Hellenists. ONAEUM, Ptolemy; a town, of Illyricum, fituate between Salona, and the mouth of the river Naro. ONCHESMITES, Cicero; a wind blowing from Onchefmus, favourable to those who fail from Epirus to Italy. ONCHESMUS, Ptolemy; Onchifmus, Strabo; a port of Epirus; fuppofed to be fo called from Anchifes, Dionyfius Halicarnaffaeus; fituate to the north of Buthrotum. ONCHESTUS, Homer; originally a grove, facred to Neptune; afterwards a town, built near it, Paufanias; in whofe time it lay in ruins, in Boeotia, in the diftrict of Haliartus, Stephanus; who calls it a great city, fituate between Haliartus and Acraephia. ONCHISMUS. See ONCHESMUS. ONCHOBRICE, Pliny; an ifland, on the coaft of Arabia Felix. ONCIUM, Paufanias; a final district of Arcadia. ONESIAE THERMAE, Strabo; who calls them excellent baths and falutary waters, at the foot of the Pyrenees in Aquitania. Near the river Aturus flands at this day the town Bagneres, famous for its waters, which appear to be the Onefiae of Strabo; fituate in the county of Bigorre in Gafcony, near the ríver Adour. ONIAE OPPIDUM and TEMPLUM, Jofephus; fo called from Onias, the high priest of the Jews in Egypt; who built a temple in imitation of that at Jerufalem, by permiffion of the king of Egypt, on the spot where ftood the temple of Diana Agreftis in Leontopolis; it was encompaffed with a brick wall, had a large tower like that at Jerufalem, Jofephus it was the metropolis of the Nomos Heliopolites, Ptolemy; because in Strabo's time Heliopolis was fallen to decay. : ONI GNATHOS, Ptolemy, Strabo; a promontory of Laconica, with a port; diftant one hundred and fifty ftadia from Malacae. Another of Caria, Ptolemy, near Loryma, on the coaft of Caria. ONINGIS, Pliny; a town of Baetica, near the confluence of the Baetis and Singulis; thought to be the Oringis of Livy. ONISIA, Pliny, a finall island, oppofite to the Promontorium Itanum of Crete. Now called Capo Xacore, and it seems to be Cufonifi. ONNE, Ptolemy; a town of Arabia Felix, on the Arabian gulf. ONO, I Chron. ix. a town faid to be built by the Benjamites, on the weft fide of that tribe, near Lydda, Nehemiah xi. ONOBA, furnamed Aeftuaria, Pliny; a town of Baetica, one the Sinus Gaditanus, fix leagues to the east of the mouth of the Anas, not far from Olintigi, Mela. Now thought to be Gibraleon, a citadel of Andalufia, on the rivulet Odiel, towards its mouth, Roderigo Caro. ONOBALA, Appian; a river of Sicily; which feems to be the fame with that called Tauromenius by Vibius, running between Meffana and Syracufe, and from which Tauroménium takes its name, according to Vibius. Now called Cantara, Cluverius. ONOCHONUS, Herodotus, Pliny; a river of Theffaly, running into the Peneus, drank up by Xerxes' ar my. ONUPHIS, Stephanus ; a town of the Delta in Egypt, on the eaft fide of the Athribitic branch, to the north of Athribis; both which give name to the fame Nomos, called either Athribites, or Onuphites, Herodotus, Ptolemy, Pliny. OPHEL. See OPHLA. OPHER. See HEPHER. OPHIODES, Strabo, Diodorus; or Serpentaria; the ancient name of the ifland Topazos in the Arabian gulf, oppofite to Berenice, in Egypt, fituate in the gulf of Berenice. The former name arofe from the great number of ferpents that infeited the ifland, and which the kings of Egypt caufed to be deftroyed, in order to gather the topaz tone with more fecurity, which gave the latter name to the island. OPHIODES, Ptolemy; a river of Libya Interior, to the fouth of mount Atlas, running from east to west into the Atlantic. OPHIOESSA, a fmall island in the Propontis, according to Dioge ncs nes Cyzicenus, as quoted by Ste- | phanus. OPHIR, a country mentioned in scrip ture, from which Solomon had great quantities of gold brought home in hips, which he fent out for that purpose; but where to fix its fituation is the great difficulty, authors running into various opinions on that head: fome have gone to the Weft, others to the Eaft-Indies, and the eastern coafts of A. frica in queft of it; the generality place Ophir in the Eaft Indies: but where there, is the question; many taking it for Taprobana, now fuppofed to be Ceylon; others, for Pegu, or for Sumatra, or for the Aurea Cherfonefus, now Malacca; unless Aurea Cherfonefus be not, as many think, an appellative, common to all countries producing gold. Kir cher takes the term Ophir to be of Egyptian original, and to denote a great part of India: and to obviate difficulties, perhaps it is beft to take Ophir for India at large, without confining it to any particular country, not excluding even China and the Japonefe islands. OPHIS, ios, Paufanias; a small river of Arcadia, running by Mantinea, and falling into the Alpheus. By diverting the courfe of this rivulet towards the walls of Mantinea, which were built of unburnt bricks; thefe diffolving in the water, and thereby the walls being undermined, the town was taken by the Lacedaemonians under Agefipolis, fon of Paufanias, during the Peloponnefian war: a like ftratagem was likewife performed by Cimon, fon of Miltiades, at the fiege of Eion, situate at the mouth of the Strymon, in Macedonia. Another of Cappadocia, Arrian; running into the Eu xine. OPHITEA. See AMPHICLEA. OPHIUSA, Strabo, Pliny; the ancient name of Tyra, fituate on the river of the fame name, feparating Dacia from Sarmatia Europea, Ptolemy. Famous for its killing poifons, Val. Flaccus. OPHIUSSA, Pliny; a small island, adjoining to Crete, near Hierapytna. OPHLA, or Ophel, Nehemiah iii. a small eminence, and a part of Jerufalem, on the east fide towards the valley of Kedron, Jofephus. OPHNI. See GOPHNA. OPHRA, Judges; the native place of Gideon, in the half tribe of Manaffeh, on the weft fide the Jordan, called of the Abiezerites, a family of that tribe, to diftinguish it from the Ophrah of Benjamin. OPHRYNIUM, Herodotus, Strabo; a place of Troas, not far from Dardanus, where ftood the grove of Hector, confpicuously fituated, Strabo. OPICI, Eudoxus, Stephanus; a people of Italy, inhabiting Campania, called Aufones, Strabo, Aristotle; fituate on the Tuscan fea. OPINUM, or opinorum oppidum, Pto lemy; fo called from Opini, the peo-ple; a town of Corfica, near Aleria; Opini, a place in that neigh bourhood, ftill retaining the ancient name, Cluverius. OFINUM, or Oppinum, Ptolemy; a town of Mauretania Tingitana, fituate between Babba and the Straits of Gibraltar. OPIS, a town, Herodotus; a village, OPISANA, Antonine; a town of mus. OPISTHODOMOS, Thucydides, De- lemy; a town of the Carni in the • Tranfpadana, to the north-east of Tarvifium. Now Oderzo, in the terri tory of Venice, to the north-east of Trevigi, on the rivulet Mottegano. The people, Opitergini, Lucan. OPOES, entos, Homer, Pindar, Mela; Opus, untis, Livy, Strabo; the metropolis of the Locri Opuntii, diftant fifteen ftadia from the fea, or weft of the Euripus, Strabo. The country of Patroclus, Homer, Ovid. Opuntius, Thucydides, Pliny, the epithet. OPONE, Ptolemy; a mart town on the Sinus Barbaricus, on the east fide of the Ethiopia beyond Egypt. OPPIDIUM, Ptolemy; a town of Mauretania Caefarienfis, fituate between the rivers Serbetes and Savus. OPPIDUM NOVUM, Ptolemy; a colony, a town of Mauretania Caefarienfis, to the fouth of Gunugus. OPPINUM. See OPINUM. OPUNTIL, See OPOES. Orus, ORA, Ptolemy; an inland town to wards the east of Carmania. Another of the Hither India, Arrian; fortified by Alexander. COR ASCA, Ptolemy; an inland town in the east of Gedrofa. · ORBIS TERRARUM, the Earth, fo called by the Romans, though their knowledge of it extended more in length than in breadth; which is not to be wondered, feeing they called great portions of the habitable world Orbis; as the Roman Empire, Orbis Romanus, Eutropius, Trebellius, Ammian; for which there was this reafon, that it contained the greater and more noble part of the world. Europe is alfo called Orbis Europaeus, Ammian; Europe and Afia, Orbis Geminus, Claudian; Spain, Orbis Iberus, Lu can; Extremus Orbis, Sil. Italicus; alto Hefperius, id. And hence Auguftin calls the Church of Chrift, Orbis Chriftianus. ORBIS. See OBRIS. ORBITANA, Ammian; one of the many towns of Afia, concerning which nothing farther is known. ORBITANIUM, Livy; a town of Samnium, in other refpects unknown. ORCADES, iflands to the north of Britain, thirty in number, at ímall . diftances from each other, Ptolemy, Mela; forty, Pliny; three, Solinus; or probably thirty-three, Orofius; feven days and feven nights fail from the Hebrides, Solinus; without inhabitants and without woods, only furnished with low fhrubs, the reft is naked fands. Now the Orkneys. Thirteen of which are inhabited, the rest lying defolate. The name is probably from Orcas, a promontory on the north fide of Scotland, Ptolemy. Now thought to be Dingfbyhead. ORCELIS, Ptolemy; a town of the Conteftani, in the Hither Spain; whether the Ocilis of Appian, not fo clear. Now thought to be Ori guella, in Valencia, on the Segura, W. Long: 50', Lat. 39° 36'. OR CHALIS, Plutarch; the name of an eminence of Boeotia, fituate on the boundaries of Haliartus, towards mount Helicon, afterwards called Alopecos. ORCHE. See UR OF THE CHALDEES. ORCHENI, Ptolemy; a people, whom he places in Arabia Deferta; but Strabo in Chaldea, making them a branch of the Chaldei, or Aftrologers; a third branch, Pliny; who fays, that they intercepted the Euphrates, by dividing it into several cuts or trenches, in order to water their fields; they were therefore fituate in the fouth of Chaldea, below the channels of the Euphra tes. ORCHISTENA, Strabo; a district or province of Armenia Major; famous for its breed of horses. ORCHOE, Ptolemy; a town of Chaldea, otherwife little known; but that fome interpreters of the Bible fuppofe it to be Ur of the Chaldees, the country of Abraham; no other name in Ptolemy coming nearer to it, and therefore they often write it Urchoe. But this Orchoe of Ptolemy feems to be too much out of the road through Carrae, or Haran to Palestine: and therefore the other opinion concerning the Ur of Ammian, fituate between Nifibis and the Tigris, is now generally adopted. If the name Chaldea fhould be objected to, the answer is, that a part of Mefopotamia, especially towards the Tigris, was occupied by the Chaldeans. ORCHOMENUs, i, hic or haec, Thu-, cydides, Plutarch; a town of Boeotia, furnamed Minyaeus, Homer; because built by Orchomenus, fon of Minyas, Paufanias; and to diftinguish it from Orchomenus of Arcadia, it retained this furname, id. It food to the north of the lake Copais, on the confines of the Locri. Orchomenii, the people, Paufanias. In it ran the Fons Acidalius, from which Venus was furnamed. See ACIDALIUS. With a temple dedicated to the Graces, by Eteocles, Strabo; formerly a very rich and powerful city, to which the Thebans were tributary, Strabo; who afterwards difpoffeffed them, in the abfence of Epaminondas, who greatly refented this treatment, Paufanias. Their territory was almost undermined by moles, Pliny. Another Orchomenus, furnamed of Arcadia, Herodotus; by way of distinction from the foregoing; celebrated by Homer for its flocks of fheep, Ovid, Statius; and taking its name from Orchomenus, one of the fons of Lycaon, its founder, Paufanias. Its fituation boggy, Dionyfius Halicarnaffaeus ; in the adjacency of Mantinea; extinct in Strabo's time, without a wreck remaining. ORCYNIA, Plutarch; a place in Cappadocia, where Eumenes was defeated by Antigonus. ORCYNIUM, Theophraftus; a mountain of Lefbos. ORCYNIUS. See HERCYNIA SILVA. ORDESUS, Pliny; Ordeffus, Ptolemy; Odeus, Peripli; this laft fuppofed to be a vicious reading, there being a town of that name in the Lower Moefia, on the Euxine: but Ordeffus is in Sarmatia Europaca, on the Borysthenes, and not on the Axiaces, according to Ptolemy; which Jaft and Pliny, call it a port, a proof that it was at the mouth of the ri ver. ORDOVICES, Tacitus, Ptolemy; a people of Britain, to the north of the Demetae and Silures. Now North Wales, Camden. OREB, See HOREB. OREGES, Pliny; one of the eminences of Imaus. OREINE, Arrian; an island in the Arabian Gulf. OREOS, Strabo, Paufanias; Oreus, Livy; the firft town of Euboea, on the left in failing from the Sinus Demetriacus to Chalcis and the Euripus, Livy; a ftrong city, walled round. Formerly called Iftiaca, Strabo; or Hefiaea, Paufanias; by which ancient name he fays it was ftill called, and ftill extant in his time, though reduced according to Pliny. Oritae and Iftiaecis, or Ifiaeenfes, Strabo, the people. ORESTAE, Strabo, Stephanus, a people of Moloffis, a district of Epirus, towards the mountains of Illyricum. Alfo a people in Gedrofia, beyond Carmania, called Oritae, Strabo.' ORESTIA, Stephanus; a town of Oreftis, a district of Epirus, on the Ionian fea; the birth place of Ptolemy, fen of Lagus, the first king of Egypt of that name, after Alexander the Great. ORESTIS, idos, Ptolemy; a tract of Epirus, lying along the lonian fea. ORESTIS PORTUS, Pliny; a port of the Bruttii. Now thought to be Porto Ravagliofo, in Calabria Ul tra. ORETANIA, Strabo; a country of the Oretani, or Oritani, Stephanus ; lying towards the fprings of the Anas, in the Hither Spain. Now fuppofed to be la Mancha, in New Caftile, and the western part of the mountainous tract, called la Sier ra. ORETHUS, Vibius Sequefter; a river in the north-weft of Sicily, running by Panormus from fouth to north into the Tufcan fea; mentioned alfo by Polybius and Diodorus, but without naming it. Memorable for Eee 2 the the defeat of Afdrubal, the Carthaginian general, by Metellus. Now commonly called the Amiraglio, Cluverius. ORETUM, furnamed Germanorum, Ptolemy; Oria, Strabo; Orifia, Stephanus; the capital of Oretania, towards the head of the Anas, Its ruins are to be feen in New Caftile, near Calatrava, in a spot where now ftands a chapel, called Nueftra Senora de Oreto: from thefe ruins Calatrava rofe. OREUS. See OREOS. OREXIS, Paufanias; a mountain of Arcadia, at the distance of five sta dia from Caryae. At the foot of this mountain were large pits for the reception of the water, fuppofed to have been executed by Hercules. ORCA, Pliny; a river near Apamea in Phrygia, falling into the Meander, together with the Marfyas, ORGASI, Ptolemy; a people of Scythia intra Imaum, adjoining to the river Rha. ORGOMANES. See DARGOMANES. ORGUS, a river bounding Cifalpine Gaul, on the weft, and running from the Alpes Cottiae, from north to fouth into the Padus, between the Duria Major to the east and Minor to the weft. No ancient authority for it. ORI. See ORITAE. ORIA. See ORETUM. ORICUM, Ptolemy, Mela; Oricus, Stephanus, Scymnus; a town of Epirus, to the north of the Montes Ceraunii, Ptolemy, Horace, Propertius; fituate in thefe mountains, Pliny; but Livy places it in a plain; a Greek town on the Ionian fea, Stephanus, Scymnus; with a confiderable port, Caefar. Surnamed Dardanius, Lucan; from Helenus and Andromache reigning there. Oricius, the epithet, Virgil, Dionyfius Periegetes. Said to be now called Orco. ORIGIACUM, Ptolemy; a town of the Atrebates in Belgica. Supposed now to be Orchies, a town in Flanders, Cluverius. ORINE, a peninsula, Strabo ; an ifland, Arrian; in the Sinus Arabi cus, oppofite to Adulis: fo called from being mountainous. ORINGIS. See ONINGIS. ORINUS, Ptolemy. See ERINEUS ORIPPO, Antonine; a town of Bae, tica, on the left or eaft fide of the Baetis, to the fouth of Hifpalis. Called now dos Hermanas, a citadel of Andalusia, nine miles to the fouth of Seville. ORISIA. See ORETUM. ORITANI. See ORETANIA. ORITAE. See OREOS. A people alof Gedrofia, Strabo; with a coaft of eighteen hundred fadia in extent, from the river Arbis weftward. Horitae, Curtius; Ori, Pliny. ORMENIUM, in Strabo's time Orminium; a village at the foot of mount Pelius, in Theffaly, to the north of the Sinus Pagafaeus; the country of Phaenix, Achilles's tutor, Scepfius; but Crates fays, he was of Phocis. ORNEAE, arum, Strabo; a village of Argolis, fituate between Corinth and Sicyon; afterwards deftroyed. ORNITHIAS, ae. See CHELIDONIAS. ORNITHON, or Avium Oppidum, Pliny; a town of the Sidonians, Scylax; fituate between Sidon and Tyre, in Phoenicia, Strabo. OROANDA. See OENEANDA. OROANDA, orum, or Orenda, Polybius, Livy; a town of Pifidia, on the river Ceftrus, to the south-east of Antiochia. Oroandici, or Orondici, the people, Ptolemy; Oroandenfes, Livy. OROANDES, Pliny; a mountain of Afia, a part of mount Taurus. OROATIS, Ptolemy, Strabo; the fame with the Pafitigris, running from north to fouth into the Perfian Gulf, and feparating Elymais from Perfis, Pliny. OROBATIS. See OBROATIS. OR OBII, Pliny; a people of the Tranfpadana; fo called, according to fome, from their dwelling towards the mountains; they occupied the country to the fouth of the Lacus Larius, and the parts on and beyond the Addua. Now the north part of Milan. OROBIS. See OBRIS. OROMA, Pliny; one of the names of the Euphrates, near its prings, and before it forces its way through mount Taurus. ORONAIM. |