the river Scultenna. Here Antony defeated Panfa, and was in his turn defeated by Hirtius, Cicero, Frontinus. Now Caftelfranco, Cluverius, in the territory of Bologna. Another Forum Gallorum, Antonine; a town of the Vafcones, in the Hither Spain. Now Gurrea, Zurita ; a fmall town of Arragon; others will have it to be Luna. FORUM HADRIANI. Peutinger; a town

of Belgica, towards the Meufe. Now Voorburg, Cluverius; a village of Holland, fituate between Leyden and Delft.

FORUM JULIUM; there are several

towns of this name: as a Forum Julium, of Gallia Narbonenfis; or Forojulium, Colonia Octavionorum, Pliny: now Frejus, or Frejules, in Provence, at the mouth of the Argens. Forum Julium Carnorum, to the north of Aquileia, in the Transpadana, Tacitus, Ptolemy: Forojulienfes cognomine Transpadani, Pliny, the people. Now Cividal di Friuli, formerly, Cividal d'Auftria, in the territory of Venice. Forum Julium, in Umbria, with the furname Concubienfe, of uncertain fituation, the people Concubienfes, Pliny.

FORUM JUTUNTORUM, Ptolemy; a town of the Infubres, in the Tranf padana. Now Crema, capital of the Cremasco, in the territory of Venice. E. Long. 10° 15', Lat. 45°

20.

FORUM LICINII, Pliny; a town of the Orobii, in the Tranfpadana, of doubtful pofition; and whether at this day Pieve d Incino, or, according to Cluverius, Berlafina, between Como and Milan, is a question. FORUM LIMICORUM, Ptolemy; or Limia, Antonine; a town on the left or fouth fide of the river Limia, otherwife the River of Oblivion, or Lethe, in the Hither Spain. Now Puente de Lima, in the north-west of Portugal.

FORUM LIVII, Pliny, Antonine; a town of the Semnones, in the Cifpadana. Now Forli, in Romania. E. Long. 12' 45', Lat. 44° 25'. FORUM NERONIS. See LUTEVA, Not to be confounded with another Forum Neronis,. on the west of the Druentia; a town of the Memini,

in Gallia Narbonenfis. Now Forcalquier, in Provence, Baudrand. E. Long. 5° 36', Lat. 44°. FORUM NOVUM, Pliny; a town of the Cifpadana. The people, Foronovani, Infcription. Now Fornovo, in the duchy of Parma. Another, in the Picenum, but where unknown. Foronovani, the people, Inscription.

FORUM POPILII, Pliny; a town in the Cifpadana, to the east of Forum Livii. Now Forlimpopoli, in Romania, between Forli to the weft, and Cefena to the eaft. Another, Ptolemy; in Campania, between Capua and Trebula; a colony, Frontinus. Foropopilienfes, the people, Infcription.

FORUM ROMANUM, the moft ancient Forum of Rome, built by Romulus, called Latium, Martial, Statius, Ovid; Magnum, Ovid; and Forum Vetus, Herodian. It stood at the foot of the Mons Capitolinus. FORUM SEGUSIANORUM, Ptolemy, Peutinger; fituate on the east fide of the Liger, in Gallia Celtica. Now Feurs, on the Loire, in the Lionnois, capital of the territory of Forez. E. Long. 4° 15', Lat. 45° 44'.

FORUM SEMPRONII, Ptolemy; Forum Sempronium, Strabo; a town of Umbria. Forofempronienfes, the people, Infcription. Now Fofombrone, in Urbino. E. Long. 14o 5', Lat. 43° 50'.

FORUM TIBERII, Ptolemy; a town of the Pagus Tigurinus, in Belgica, on the left or fouth fide of the Rhine. Now Keyferful; literally the tribunal of Tiberius, which he held there, when commander in the Khetian war.

FORUM TRAJANI, Antonine; a town of Sardinia, fituate between Luguido to the eaft, and the Aquae Neapolitanae to the weft. But the particular spot unknown.

FORUM TRUENTINORUM. See Fo

little to the north of the river Argenteus. FORUM VULCANI, Strabo; the Campi Phlegraci, of Pliny; a place in Campania, encompaffed with rocky eminences, near Puteoli, and diftant from it two miles, towards Naples, emitting fmoke, and in fome places flame, like a large extenfive furnace, and yielding fulphur. Now called Solfatara, in the Terra di La

voro.

Fosi, Tacitus; thought to be the Saxones of Ptolemy; a later appelJation of the Fofi, a name funk in that of the Saxones, inhabiting the neck, or fouthmost part of the Cherfonefus Cimbrica, and extending on the fouth to that channel of the Elbe, next to its mouth and to the Trave, and on the Elbe next neighbours to the Chauci and Cherufci. Leibnitz places them on this fide the Elbe, on the river Fufe, which falls into the Aller, from fimularity

of found.

FOSSA, Romans; Tapgos, Greeks; the name of the narrow ftrait which feparates Corfica from Sardinia to the fouth.

FOSSA CARBONARIA. See CARBONARIA.

FOSSA CORRBULONIS. See COBULONIS.

FOSSA DRUSIANA RHENI, Tacitus, Suetonius; a cut made from the Rhine to the Ifala, a distance of eight miles, from Duisburg to Iffeloort, as the places are now called. Suetonius mentions cuts, which fome understand, either of enlarging the channel of the Ifala for re. ceiving the Rhine, befides the abovementioned cut, or of making cuts along the old channel of the Ifala.

FOSSA MARIANA, Strabo, Mela ; Foffae, Pliny; a cut made by Marius, from the east branch of the Rhone to Marfeilles. Now called Galejon, Baudrand.

FOSSA REGIA. See ARMACALES. FRAXINUS, Antonine; a town of Lu

fitania. Now faid to be Alpahano, a village of Portugal, in the Alentejo, on the road from Lisbon to Elvas.

FREGELLAE, arum, Strabo; a town of the Volfci, in Latium, on the

Liris, above the confluence of the Trerus, towards Naples. In Strabo's time reduced to a village, from being a confiderable city formerly, deftroyed by the Romans on account of its revolt. Fregellani, the people, Pliny: Fregellanus, the epithet, Cicero. From its ruins arole Ceperano, a citadel of the Campania Romana.

FREGENAE, Pliny, Antonine; a town of Etruria, midway between Alfium and the Portus Romanus. Livy reckons it among the maritime colonies. Now extinct.

FRENTO, onis, Pliny; a river of the Frentani, a branch of the Samnites, whence their name, running from west to eaft into the Adriatic.

FRETUM HERCULEUM, Sil. Italicus, Marcianus Heracleota; the Strait of Gibraltar, fo called from the fabulous adventures of Hercules. Called alfo Columnarum Fretum, Strabo; from the two mountains on each fide, called Columnae. And Fretum Gaditanum, Pliny; from the vicinity of Gades.

FRETUM ETRUSCUM. See ETRUS

CUM.

FRISIABONES, Pliny; a canton of the Frifii Minores. The name is faid to be Friefe a Woners, dwellers in water: the district now called Waterland, in Holland.

FRISII, Tacitus, Pliny; Phreifi, Dio; Phrifii, Ptolemy; Frifei, Infcrip. tion; Frifiones, and Frifones, lower writers; a people of Germany, fo called, either from their ardent love of freedom, or from the fresh and unbroken lands they occupied, contradiftinguished from the old lands. Tacitus divides them, from their extent of power and territo. tory, into the Majores, fituate on the coaft between the Rhine and the Ems; and into the Minores, occupying the parts about the lakes, lying between the channels of the Rhine.

FRUSINO, onis, Frontinus, Juvenal; Frufinum, i, Ptolemy; a town of the Hernici, in Latium, on the west or right fide of the river Cofa. Frufinas, atis, Livy, Cicero; both the epithet, and the gentilitious name. FUCINUS LACUS, i fhort, Virgil, Li

vy, &c. Now Lago di Celano, from a cognominal citadel, lying in the fouth of the Abruzzo Ultra, in the kingdom of Naples, near the Apennine. Julius Caefar attempted to drain it, which Claudius accomplifhed, Suetonius. Fucentes, the people dwelling on it. FULGINIA, Silius Italicus; Fulginium, Appian; a town in the Cifapennine Umbria, on the river Tinia; Fulginates, Pliny, Infcription; the people, as if formed from Fulginum. But in another Inscription it is Fulginiates. Now Fuligno, in the duchy of Spoletto. E. Long. 13° 30, Lat. 43°.

FULVII FORUM. See FORUM.

FUNDI, orum, Cicero, Mela, Strabo, Antonine; a town of Latium, on the Via Appia, near Cajeta. Fundanus, the epithet, Cicero, Pliny; Fundani, the people, Livy; enjoying all the privileges of Roman citizens, except the right of fuffrage, and of magistracy, Feftus. Fundanus Ager, the territory, Cicero; La. cus, a lake, Pliny. Now Fondi, a city of Naples, on the confines of the pope's dominions. E. Long. 149 20', Lat. 41° 35'. FURCULAE, or Furcae Caudinae. See CAUDIUM. A village called Furche is still extant on the spot, Holftenius.

near Timnath-Sera, in mount Ephraim, on the north fide of which Joshua was buried. GABA, Jofephus; a Colonia Equeftris, encreased by Herod, who fettled there the difcharged horfe; fituate near mount Carmel, between which and Ptolemais it lay. GABAA. See GIBEA. GABAE, arum, one of the royal palaces, in the upper parts of Perfia, Strabo; on the extremity of Perfia, towards Carmania, Ptolemy. Arrian mentions a palace, without naming it.

GABALA, orum, Strabo, Ptolemy; Gabala, ae, Hecataeus; two towns of this name, one in Syria, between Laodicea and Paltos; the other in Phoenicia, near Tyre and Ecdippa, and thus on the confines of Palef tine.

GABALES, Strabo; Gabali, Caefar ; a people of Aquitania, occupying the Pagus Gabalicus, near the Gebenna.

GABALICUS PAGUS, Pliny; in the lower age called Gavaldanus Pagus, and Gabalitana Civitas, a district of Aquitain. Now the Gevaudan, a territory of Languedoc, near the Cevennes.

GABAON, See GIBEON.

GABARA, orum, Jofephus; a village in the fouth of Galilee; about forty ftadia, or five miles from Jotapata, near Tiberias. GABATHON. See GIBETHON. GABAZA, a district of Sogdiana, men. tioned only by Curtius. GABBATHA, John xix. a raised pavement, where was a tribunal, or feat of a judge, in Jerufalem, interpreted Lithoftratos.

GABEA. See GIBETHON. GABELLUS, Pliny; a river of the Cifpadana, falling from fouth to north into the Padus. Now la Secchia, Sigonius.

GABENE, Diodorus; Gabiana, Stra-' bo; a district of Elymais, next Sufia, to the weft, or on the river Eulaeus.

GABII, orum, Livy, Virgil; a town of Latium, midway almoft between Rome and Preneste, to the east, often mentioned in the hiftory of Tarquin the Proud. Gabinus, Livy, Tacitus, the epithet. Cinctus Gabinus, a particular way of tucking the gown, by drawing it for. wards on the breast, and tying it into a knot; as the people of Gabii did at a folemn facrifice, on the fudden attack of an enemy, in order to be fitter for action. In this manner the conful used to declare Kk war,

GAIA, Ptolemy; an obfcure island, fituate in the Syrtis Major. GALAAD. See GILEAD. GALAADITIs. See GILEADITIS. GALACUM. See CALATUM. GALAICA. See BRIANTICA. GALARIA, Stephanus; a district: Galeria, Diodorus; a town to the west of mount Aetna, in Sicily. Galerini, Diodorus; the people. Now Gagliano.

GALASA. See GELASA. GALATA, Pliny; an island on the coast of Africa Propria. Now Galita. GALATIA, the name of Gallia, or

Gallia Transalpina, by the Greeks: Galatae, the Galli of the Romans, or the Gauls. See GALLIS. GALATIA, Pliny, Tacitus; the north part of Phrygia Magna, occupied by the Gauls, and called by a new name Galatia; and becaufe fituate amidst Greek colonies, and itfelf mixed with Greeks, Gallograecia, Livy; Strabo calls it Galatia, and Gallograecia: hence a twofold name of the people, Galatae, and Gallegraeci, Tacitus, Florus, Infcriptions. The boundaries lay between Phrygia, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, and Bithynia, Strabo, Pliny. The Greeks called it Gallia Parva, to diftinguish it from the Transalpina, both which they called Galatia. GALEGRA, ae, Livy; a tower on the wall of Tycha, one of the divifions of Syracufe, Plutarch. GALEOTIS. See HYBLA. GALEPSUS, Stephanus; a town of Thrace; beyond the Strymon, Strabo, Thucydides; a colony of Thafians, and not far from the Strymon, Thucydides.

GALESUS, Livy, Virgil, Horace; a river of Calabria, running from eaft to weft, by Tarentum, into the Tarentine bay; called alfo Eurotas, Polybius; from the Eurotas of Laconica, Tarentum being a colony of Lacedaemonians, Ovid. GALGAL. See GILGAL. GALILAEA, called in Hebrew, Galil, Ifarah; frequently mentioned in the Gofpels; denoting a round or compaffed tract. It was the north part

of Canaan, or Palestine; bounded on the north by Phoenicia, on the weft by the Mediterranean, on the eaft by the Jordan and the lake of Genefareth, though others extend it on that fide beyond these bounds, and on the fouth by Samaria. Jofe phus divides it into Superior and Inferior, making Berfaba their common boundary, a place unknown. A part, or the whole of Superior Galilee, is called in Scripture, Galilee of the Gentiles. The Inferior is fimply called Galilee, as being the nobler and more populous part, Jofephus; and was in the tribe of Zabulon; where Chrift frequently converfed, John iv. and hence he was called a Galilean, Matthew xxvi. and the Chriftians Galileans, out of contempt, Eufebius. The Superior lay in the tribe of Naph

thali.

GALILAEAE MARE. See CINERETH. GALLAECIA, See CALLAECIA. GALLAECI,

GALLIA, Romans; Galatia, Greeks 1. anciently an extenfive country of Europe, divided into the Transalpina, or Ulterior, and Cifalpina, or Citerior, Cicero, with respect to Rome. The Citerior was properly a part of Italy, occupied by Gallic colonists; having the Rubicon, the ancient boundary of Italy on the fouth, it was alfo called Gallia Togata, from the ufe of the Roman toga, the inhabitants of thefe parts being, after the focial war, admitted to the right of citizens. It was divided into Tranfpadana and Cifpadana with refpect to Rome. The Gallia Tranfalpina, or Ulterior, was called Comata, from the people wearing their hair long, which the Romans wore fhort; and the fouthern part of it, which was afterwards called Narbonenfis, came to have the name Braccata, from the ufe of braccae, or breeches, which were no part of the Roman drefs, Cicero, Dio Caffius, Diodorus Siculus. Aldus has published a fhort difcourfe, in which he af firms, that the braccae were a kind of upper dress, and not breeches ; a Highlander of Scotland would fay, they were his braccan, or plaid. This Gallia was feparated from Italy by the river Varus, and wash Kk 2

ed