now Hercules's Pillars, built by the Carthaginians, Stephanus. ACCANE. See ACANNÆ. ACCARON. See ACARON. ACCATUCCI, a town of Hifpania Bætica, Antonine's Itinerary; Huelma, at the fprings of the river Xandulilla; a village of Andalufia. Acci, a town of Tarraconenfis, Pliny, Ptolemy; formerly called Ai, fuppofed to be Guadix, to the east of the city of Granada, at the foot of a mountain, near the fource of the rivulet Guadalantin. Now greatly decayed. The Colonia Accitana Gemella, coins; was of fome repute among the Roman colonies. The people were called Gemeilenfes, becaufe the colony confifted of colonifts from the third and fixth legions. ACCIPITRUM, or Hieracum Infula, Ptolemy; a small island near Sardinia, to the weft of the Sinus Sulci tanus. ACCITUM, a town of Hifpania Bætica, now Finiana, as appears from an ancient infcription; fituate on an eminence of the mountains Alpuxaras, in Granada. Accua, Livy; a town in Italy. ACCUSIORUM Colonia, Ptolemy; an inland town of the Cavares, in Gallia Narbonenfis: now Grenoble, in Dauphiné. E. Long. 5° 28', Lat. 45. 124. ACE. See Aca. ACEDOSA, Jofephus; a village of Judea. ACELUM, Ptolemy; or Acilium, a town in the Venetian territory, now called Azola, fituate to the west of Trevigi, at the fource of the rivulet Mufone. E. Long. 139, Lat. 45°. ACELLUS. See GITHALLUM. ACEMA, a mountain of Gallia Nar. bonenfis, and a part of the maritime Alps; but better Cema. ACERNUM, a town of the Picentini, Pliny, now Acerno, in the Principato citra of the kingdom of Naples. E. Long. 15° 42', Lat. 40° 50′. ACERRA, a town on the Clanius, in Campania, not far from Naples, Virgil; now Acerra; the inhabitants Accerrani. E.Long. 15, Lat 41°.Greatly exposed to be endamaged by the frequent inundations of the Clanius; which baffled all the at tempts of the inhabitants, to keep it within its banks.-Another town of this name, Plutarch, Polybius; now called la Girola, in the territory, and to the fouth east of Lodi, where the rivulet Serio falls into the Adda, to the weft of Cremona, and north of Placentia. ACERRINA, a colony of Brutians in Magna Græcia, taken by Alexander of Epirus, Livy. ACERRIS, a town of Hifpania Taraconenfis, Strabo ; now Gerry, a hamlet in Catalonia, on the river Noguera, towards the Pyrenees. ACERVETIS, a town of Thrace, afterwards called Calatis, Pliny. ACES, a river of Parthia, defcribed by Herodotus, as divided by the inhabitants into feveral ftreams, in order to water their fields, ACES, a city of Macedonia, whose citizens were called Acefæi, Stepha nus. ACESAMENÆ, a city of Macedonia, named from Acefamenus, who reigned in Pieria, Stephanus. ACESIA, a part of the island of Lemnos, fo called from Philoctetes, who was there cured of his wound, Philoftratus. ACESINES, a river of India; which, after being swelled with the Hydafpes, and another great river, which Arrian calls Tutapus, unknown to other authors, and befides with many other rivers, falls into the Indus, in the country of the Malli. ACESINUS, a river of Sarmatia Europea, falling into the Euxine, Pliny. ACESTA, a town of Sicily, fo called from Aceftes, of Trojan origin. It is alfo called Egefta and Egefta, from the different names of the founder. The Romans called it Segefta, in order to avoid the indecency of the term Egefla. It is fituate on the river Simois, to the east of mount Eryx and cape Drepanum. The inhabitants are called Aceftai, Pliny. ACHABARORUM PETRA, in Galilee, mentioned by Jofephus. ACHABYTOS, a high mountain of Rhodes, on whofe top ftood a temple of Jupiter, Diodor. Siculus. ACHAD. See ACAD. ACHA, a town of the island of Rhodes, in the diftrict of Jalyfus, and the first and most ancient of all, faid to be built by the Heliades, or the grandfons of the Sun. ACHEA, a hamlet of Afiatic Sarmatia, on the Euxine. The inhabitants were called Achæi,a colony of the Orchomenians, Ovid. ACHEI, Livy; the people of Greece; for the most part called Achivi by the Roman poets. In Homer, the general name for Grecians. ACHEIA, a hill or eminence in Caryftus, one of the Cyclades, Stephanus. ACHEIUм, a district of Troas, oppofite to Tenedos, Strabo. ACHEMENIA, a part of Perfia, fo called from Achæmenes, the first king: hence the epithet Achæmenius, Horace; Achæmenides, the people, Strabo. ACHEORUM PORTUS, Pliny; now Porto Buon, a harbour of the Cherfonefus Taurica, on the Euxine.Another, near Sigæum, into which the Xanthus, after being joined by the Simois, falls. ACHÆORUM STATIO, the tomb of Hecuba, in the fouth of the Cherfonese of Thrace, over againft Si gæum, Pliny. ACHAIA, a name taken first for that part of Greece which Ptolemy calls Hellas; the younger Pliny, Græcia; now called Livadia; bounded on the north by Theffaly, the river Sperchius, the Sinus Maliacus, and mount Oeta; on the weft by the ri ver Achelous; on the caft turning a little to the north, it is washed by the Archipelago, down to the promontory of Sunium; on the fouth, joined to the Peloponnefus, or Morea, by the ifthmus of Corinth, five miles broad. Secondly, for that fmall district in the north of Peloponnefus, running weftward along the bay of Corinth, called Achaia Propria, and bounded on the west by the Ionian Sea, on the fouth by Elis and Arcadia, on the east by Sicyonia; its metropolis Patræ. It is now called Romania Alta, in Morea. Achaia was alfo taken for all thofe countries that joined in the Achean league, reduced by the Romans to a province; and laftly for Peloponnefus, Ovid, Apuleius. ACHAIA, Strabo; a town of Aria.- A fecond, of Parthia, Appian.-A ACHARA, a town of Sicily, mentioned by Cicero, now Carrano, in the territory of Syracuse.—Also a town of Lycaonia, Strabo; on the borders of Galatia and Pifidia, to the weft of Iconium. ACHARACA, a town of Lydia, situate between Tralles and Nyfa; in which were the temple of Pluto, and the cave Charonium, where patients flept in order to obtain a cure. ACHARNA, or Acharna, arum, Pin dar; a town of Attica, the largest of thofe, which the Athenians call Δήμοι, Thucyd. Acharneus, a citizen of Acharne, and Acharnanus the epithet, Corn. Nepos. ACHASA, a country of Scythia extra Imaum, Ptolemy. ACHATES, Sil. Italicus; a river of Sicily, now the Drillo, Cluverius ; which runs from north to fouth, almoft parallel with, and at no great distance from, the Gela; and rifes in the north of the territory of Noto. It gave name to the Achates, or Agate, faid to be first found there. ACHAZI3, or Achzib, a town of Galilee, in the tribe of Ather, nine miles from Ptolemais.-Alfo a town in the more fouthern parts of the tribe of Judah. ACHELOUS, a river of Acarnania; which rifes in mount Pindus, and dividing Etolia from Acarnania, falls from north to fouth into the Sinus Corinthiacus. It was formerly called Thoas, from its impetuofity, and king of rivers, Homer. The epithet Acheloius is used for Aqueus, Virgil; the ancient calling all water Achelous; efpecially in oaths, vows, and facrifices, according to Ephorus; now called Afpra potamo. Rivers are by the poets called Tauriformes, either from the bellowing of their waters, or from their plowing the earth in their courfe: Hercules, reftraining by dykes and mounds, the inundations of of the Ackelous, is faid to have broke | off one of his horns, and to have brought back plenty to the country. ACHELOUS, a rivulet of Theffaly, running by the city Lamia, Strabo, Paufanias. Alfo a river of Peloponnefus, running by Dyma, in Achaia, Strabo, and by mount Lycæus in Arcadia, Paufanias. ACHERON, one of the fabulous rivers of Hell. It is alfo called Acherons, and Acheruns; hence Ulmorum Acherazs in Plautus, a flave, on whose back many elm-twigs are broke; a gulf or fink of elms. ACHERON, a river of Thefprotia, in Epirus, which, after forming the lake Archerufia, at no great diftance from, falls into the fea, near the promontory of Chimerium to the weft of the Sinus Ambracius, in a course from north to fouth. ACHERON, or Acheros, a river of the Bruttii in Italy, running from eaft to weft; where Alexander, king of Epirus, was flain by the Lucani, being deceived by the oracle of Dodona, who bid him beware of Ache moun ACHERONTIA, Coins; a town on the Acheron, in the country of the Bruttii, or Calabria Inferior. The inhabitants are called Acherontini, Pliny ACHERONTIA, now Acerenza, a ham. let of Apulia, situate on a tain, and which therefore Horace calls, Nidus Acheront:a. ACHEROS, See ACHERON. ACHERUNS, S ACHERUSIA PALUS, a lake between Cuma and the promontory Milenum, now il Lago della Collucia, Cluverius. Some confound it with the Lacus Lucrinus, and others with the Lacus Averni. But Strabo and Phiny distinguish them. The former takes it to be an effufion, exundation, or washes of the sea, and therefore called by Lycophron, Αχεράσια χυσις. Allo a lake of Epirus, through which the Acheron runs. There is alfo an Acherufia, a peninfula of Bithynia on the Eu xine, near Heraclea,, and a cave there of the faine name, through which Hercules defcended to hell, to drag forth Cerberus. ACHETUS, called by fome a river, by others a place in Sicily, mentioned by Silius Italicus; now unknown. ACHILLEOS DROMOS, Pliny; a pe ninfula not far from the mouth of the Borysthenes, where Achilles inftituted games. ACHILLEUM, a town of Troas, fo called from Achilles, as being near his monument; built by the Mytil. enians, and foon after also by the Athenians, Pliny. ACHILLIS INSULA, a fmall island in the mouth of the Borysthenes, fa mous for the monument and a temple of Achilles, Pliny. ACHINDANA, a river of Carmania, falling into the Perfian Gulf, Ptoleiny. ACHIVI. See ACHEI. ACHNÆ, a town of Thessaly, and an- ACHOLA, Ptolemy, or Acholla, Livy ; a town of Africa Propria, not far from Carthage, to the fouth of Thapfus. It is Pliny's Oppidum Acolitanum. Called alfo Acilla by Hirtius. ACHOLLA, a town of Libya, not far from the Syrtes, a colony of the Meliteans, Stephanus. ACHOR, a valley of Jericho, lying along the river Jordan, not far from Gilgal, fo called from Achan, the troubler of Ifrael, being there ftoned to death. ACHRADINA, Plutarch; Acradina, Cicero, Livy; one of the four cities or divifions af Syracufe, and the ftrongest, largeft, and most beautiful part of it, separated by a very trong wall from the outer town, Tycha and Neapolis. It was adorned with a very large forum, with beautiful porticos, a moft elegant prytaneum, a spacious fenate-house, and a fuperb temple of Jupiter Olympius, Plutarch. ACHSAPH, a town of Galilee, in the tribe of Afher, called Chafalus by Jerom; fituate in the plain, lying at the foot of mount Tabor. ACHZIB. See ACHAZIB. ACIDALUS, a fountain in Orchomenus, a city of Baotia, in which the C Graces, Graces, who are facred to Venus, bathed. Hence the epithet Acidalia, given to Venus, Virgil. ACIDAS, a river of Peloponnefus, whofe ancient name, according to Paufanias, was Jardanus. ACIDAVA, a town of Dacia, in Peutinger's map, near the Danube. ACIDON, a river of Triphylia, á diftrict of Elis, on the fea-coaft, Strabo. AÇILA, Strabo, Ocila, Pliny, and Ocelis, Ptolemy, a ftaple or mart town in Arabia Felix, on the Arabic Gulf, from which, according to Pliny, they fet fail for India. Now Ziden. ACILIA AUGUSTA, a town of Bavaria, now Azelburg, as appears from an ancient infcription. ACILISENE, a district of Armenia the Greater, fituate between mount Taurus and the Euphrates, before it takes its courfe to the fouth, Strabo. ACILIUM. See ACELUM. ACILLA. See ACHOLA. ACIMINCUM, Antonine; a town in the Lower Pannonia, on the banks of the Danube, between the river Cufus and town Taurunum, called Acumincum by Ptolemy. It seems to be Salankemen, a hamlet with a citadel, in the south of Hungary, to the weft of, and not far from, Belgrade, oppofite to where the Teifs falls into the Danube. ACINA, a town of Arabia, Pliny. ACINASIS, a river of Colchis, running between the Phafis and Trapezus. ACINCUM, Arrian; called Aquincum, Ptolemy, a town of Lower Hunga ry, on the Danube, fuppofed to be Buda. ACINIPPO, a town of Bætica, Pliny; its ruins, called Ronda la Viega, are to be feen near Arunda, in the king'dom of Granada. ACIRIS, Pliny; now Acri, a river rifing in Lucania, and falling into the bay of Tarentum, near Metapontum. Alfo a town at the mouth of the Aciris, now Torre d'Acri. Acıs, Ovid, Theocritus; a river of Sicily, running from a very cold fpring, in the woody and fhady foot of mount Etna, eastward into, and not much above a mile from, the fea, along green and pleafant banks, with the fpeed of an arrow, from which it takes its name. It is now called Aci, laci, cr Chiari, according to the different Sicilian dialects. Antonine calls it Acius. Also the name of a hamlet at the mouth of the Acis. Acis, a fmall island in the Egean sea, and one of the Cyclades, Pliny. ACITHIS, or Acithius, Ptolemy, Atys, Pliny; a river in the fouth of Sicily, running in the vale of Mazara into the African Sea, between the Thermæ Selinuntiæ to the eaft, and the promontory of Lilybæum to the weft; now il Carabi, Cluverius. ACITON, an inland near Crete, Pliny. ACIUS. See Acis. ACLISENA,a city of Armenia theLess, Strabo. ACMONIA, and Agmonía, in Peutinger's map, a town of Phrygia Major, now in ruins. The inhabitants are called Acmonenfes by Cicero, and the city civitas Acmonenfis. Alfo a city of Dacia, Ptolemy; on the Danube, near the ruins of Trajan's bridge, built by Severus, and called Severicum, diftant twelve German miles from Temefwar, to the fouth-east. ACOLITANUM OPPIDUM. See ACHO LA. ACON. See ACA. ACONE and Acone, a port and town of Bithynia, on the Euxine, Stephanus. The dock or arfenal of Heraclea. ACONTISMA, a very narrow pafs of Macedonia, Animian; in the confines of Thrace, between Neapolis and Topiris, Antonine's Itinerary. ACONTIUM, a town of Arcadia, fo called from Acontius, Lycaon's fon. Another in the island Euboea, Stephanus. ACONTIUS, a mountain of Magnesia in Theffaly, or of Boeotia, Strabo, Pliny. ACORACA, a town in the Chalybonitis, à district of Syria, Ptolemy. ACORIS, a town of the Higher Egypt, to the east of the Nile, towards the Red Sea, Ptolemy. ACOTA, a town of Media, Ptolemy. ACRA, Jofephus; one of the hills of Jerufalem, on which ftood the lower town, which was the Old Jerufalem, to which was afterwards added Zion, or the City of David. Probably called Acra, from the fortress which Antiochus built there, in order to annoy the Temple, and which Simon Macchabæus took and razed to the ground. ACRA, Strabo; a hamlet on the Palus Mæotis. ACRA JAPYGIA, Pliny; Salentina, Ptolemy; now Capo di San Maria di Leuca, a promontory in the king. dom of Naples, to the south-east of Otranto, where formerly was a town, now lying in ruins, on the Ionian Sea, over-against the Montes Acroceraunii of Epirus. ACRABA, a town of Mefopotamia on the banks of the Chaboras, below Carræ, Ptolemy. ACRABATA, or Acrabatta, a town in the fouth-west of Samaria, Jofephus. The country is called Acrabatene. ACRABBIM. See ADSCENSUS SCORPIONIS. It ACRACANUS, a river of Babylon, fuppofed to be the fame with the Nakar agam of Pliny, and the Maarfares of Ptolemy. ACRADINA. See ACHRADINA. ACRE, a town of Sicily, whofe inhahabitants are called Acrenfes. ftood to the fouth of Syracufe at the diftance of twenty-four miles, near the place now called the monaftery of Santa Maria d'Arcia, on an eminence, as appears from Silius Italicus. The Syracufans were the foun ders of it, according to Thucydi des, feventy years after the build. ing of Syracufe, or fix hundred and fixty-five before Chrift. Hence the epithet Acraus. ACRÆPHIA, Acraphium, or Acriphia, a town of Boeotia. Paufanias calls it Acraphnion, in the territory of Thebes. From it Apollo took the name Acraphius. ACRAGAS, or Agragas, fo called by the Greeks, and fometimes by the Romans, Virgil; but more generally Agrigentum by the latter; a town of Sicily. In Greek medals the inhabitants are called AKPITANTINOI, and Agrigentini by Cicero. The town food upon a mountain, at the confluence of the Acragas and Hypfa, a mountain near the port called Εμπόριο by Ptolemny, but Επίνειον, or the Dock, by Strabo. And in the time of the latter, fcarce a trace of all that fide remained. In the year before Chrift five hundred and eighty-four, the people of Gela built Acragas, one hundred and eight years after building their own city. It took its name from the river running by it. And, being but two miles from, enjoyed all the conveniences that could come by the sea. It was a place of great ftrength, ftanding on the top of a very fteep rock, and washed on the fouth fide by the river Acragas, now called Fiume di Gergenti, and on the fouthweft by the Hypfa, with a citadel to the fouth-eaft, externally furrounded by a deep gulf, which made it inacceffible but on the fide next the town. It was famous for the tyrant Phalaris and his brazen bull. They were a people luxurious in their tables, and magnificent in their dwellings, of whom Empedocles, in Diogenes Laertius, fays, that they lived to-day as if they were to die to-morrow, and built as if they were to live for ever. The country round the city was laid out in vine and olive-yards, in the produce of which they carried on a great and profitable commerce with Carthage. E. Long. 13° 30', Lat. 37° 20%. ACRA SALENTINA. See ACRA JA. PYGIA. ACRATH, a place in Mauritania Tin gitana, Ptolemy. Now fuppofed to to be Beliz, or Velix'; a fortified town in the kingdom of Fez, with a citadel and commodious harbour, on the Mediterranean, fcarce a mile diftant from Penon de Velez, a Spanish fort. W. Long. 5o, Lat. 34°. 45. ACRIE, a maritime town of Laconica, near the mouth of the Eurotas, Ptolemy, Strabo. Now almost in ruins, and called Ormoas. ACRIDOPHAGI, Strabo, Diodorus Si culus; a people of Ethiopia, beyond Egypt; who lived on locufts; which is the reafon of their name: on the blowing of certain winds vast quan. tities of locults are carried to their country, Id. ACRILLA, and Acrille, Stephan. a town of Sicily, not far from Syracufe, fituate in the road between Acræ and Hybla, but in what particular spot is uncer |