VI.

By July 24th, 1851, although only four years since the advent of the Pioneers, Great Salt Lake City had assumed quite a business aspect; and the various settlements throughout the Territory were in a flourishing condition. The celebration of the twenty-fourth of July was observed with the usual ceremonies, the day being one of unusual loveliness and splendor. The Nauvoo Brass Band, in their mammoth carriage, delighted the citizens with their sublime strains of martial and cheering music; accompanied by the roaring of cannon, the people thronging the streets as they approached the Bowery, on the Temple ground, where the companies were organized for the procession. Bands of music led the

van.

The Nauvoo Brass Band first in order, then a military band, each with appropriate banners; then the Pioneers, with a banner representing the memorable day of crossing the Platte, inscribed with motto, "Blessings Follow Sacrifice," each Pioneer bearing an emblem of his calling, such as was necessary in making a new settlement; then followed the Regents of the University, each carrying a book; flag and motto, inscribed thereon, “All Truth;" next came the aged fathers, with flag and motto, "Heroes of '76;" then twenty-four boys, uniformed, white pants and straw colored roundabouts, straw hats and blue sashes, banner, "Hope of Israel;" then twenty-four mothers in Israel, banner, motto, "Our Children are our Glory;" twenty-four young girls dressed in white, pink scarfs, with banner, motto, "Virtue dwells in Zion;" twenty-four young men, black coats, white pants and red sash, banner with inscription, "Lion of the Lord;" twenty-four young ladies, dressed in white, with wreaths of roses on their heads, blue scarfs, and bearing a banner, "Hail to our Chieftain;" next, the national flag, the Stars and Stripes of the United States; then followed Brigham Young, H. C. Kimball, W. Richards, John Smith, Patriarch; Dr. J. M. Bernhisel, Mr. Harris, Secretary of the Ter

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ritory; Judge Brandenburg, Judge Z. Snow, Mr. Race, Sub-Indian Agent; then twenty-four Bishops, dressed in uniform, each bearing a flag with some appropriate device. This party was escorted to the Bowery, where it was were received with cheering and the discharge of cannon. After the large audience was called to order, there was singing and prayer; Gen. D. H. Wells then rose and delivered an oration appropriate to the occasion. Music, singing, speeches and toasts followed in order; after which, the procession reformed, and escorted the party to the Governor's house, where a sumptuous dinner was prepared for the officers of the Territory and other invited friends. The latter part of the day was passed in great freedom and enjoyment. The report of the Committee of Arrangements, states that "the order and decorum which prevailed in such a crowded audience, showed that the Spirit of God pervaded the breasts of all. Every countenance was graced with a smile, and the people returned to their respective homes, thanking the Giver of all Good that they were privileged to witness such happy scenes, and to worship Him under their own vine and fig tree, and none to make them afraid." The Committee of Arrangements were D. H. Wells, J. M. Grant, Seth M. Blair, Jeter Clinton, H. S.Eldredge, A. H. Raleigh, L.W. Hardy, S. W. Richards and Joseph Cain.

August 19. The Deseret News issued the thirty-ninth number, closing the first volume of that paper; the editor informed his patrons that "should the News be continued, it would be on an enlarged sheet of twice the size, and more than twice the amount of reading matter." Accordingly, on November 15, 1851, No. 1 of Vol. II appeared, Willard Richards, editor and proprietor, as before. We are told, among other things, that "the affairs of Utah were in a flourishing condition." "The companies prepared in October to settle at Salt Creek and Millard County, Fillmore City, were at their destination, and en

gaged in their improvements." A small company had gone twenty miles north of Weber, commenced a fort, and were preparing for farming and lumbering. The public works of Great Salt Lake City were prospering; the railway to the stone quarries on the east of the city, for bringing down rock to the Temple Block was nearly completed; public | barns as well as private buildings had been enclosed and finished. Of news from Europe, it is stated that the Etoile du Deseret (The Star of Deseret), had been published at Paris, by Elder John Taylor, and more than four thousand five hundred persons had been baptized in England by our Elders, during the first six months of 1851.

From manuscripts, formerly in the possession of the late President Willard Richards, the following extracts from a letter to the Earl of Derby, dated ·December 9, 1839, are taken:

"To the Rt. Honorable Lord Derby:

SIR:-We, the undersigned, your petitioners, representatives of the Church of "Latter-day Saints," in Preston and vicinity, beg leave to represent to your lordship, that for a considerable time previous to the last quarter, said Church met regularly for religious worship, on the Sabbath, in the building called The Cock Pit, for which we paid a stipulated sum, according to previous contract with the occupants of the same; but during the last quarter we have been deprived of the use of said building, from some cause, or causes to us unknown; for, although it was reported that the "Cock Pit" had changed owners, and was to be devoted to other purposes, yet, as it remains unoccupied, we are inclined to believe the report delusive, and consequently suppose your lordship still to be the sole proprietor of the same; and as we have little covering for our religious work at Preston but the blue arch of heaven, and no other convenient place offers to our view, we beg humbly to petition that your lordship will be graciously pleased to grant us the free use of said "Cock Pit" for our religious worship on the Sabbath, for the

time being, or while we need it, and your lordship does not require it for other purposes; or if it be more congenial to your lordship's feelings, that your lordship will cause the same to be let to your petitioners for the above purpose, for a stipulated sum, such as your petitioners may be able to meet with their limited means, &c.",

The petition was signed by Willard Richards, Joseph Fielding and William Clayton, as presiding Elders of said Church of Latter-day Saints, and is dated, "Preston, Dec. 9th, 1839, from the new house opposite No. 3 Meadow Street." The letter was intrusted to the care of Peter Melling, as delegate, and a statement of the principles of the Gospel as received by us as a people, was forwarded for the information of the Earl of Derby. The mention of the "Cock Pit" of Preston, will bring to the memory of thousands the doings of the Elders in the early history of the British Mission. It appears that gross misrep resentations had been made respecting our religious faith and practices, which had prejudiced the public mind, and led to the expulsion of our people from the "Cock Pit," in which thousands had heard the words of life and salvation. It was to rectify these evils that the above petition had been prepared.

During this important year, the people in the valleys labored under great difficulties in obtaining supplies of nails and other iron articles; settlements were forming on every hand, buildings being erected; for this reason, a company was sent to Iron County to try to make iron; great efforts were also made in paper making and other manufactures. The responsible duties of the Governor of the Territory called forth all the energies of President Brigham Young; in the midst of these labors, Judges Brandenburg and Brocchus, Secretary Harris and Captain Day, Indian sub-agent, left for the States in September. On the twenty-first of October, the Governor, however, proceeded to the south, accompanied by Heber C. Kimball and Geo. A. Smith, the Board of Commissioners for locating the seat of Govern

ment for Utah; his Honor, Judge Snow, Gen. D. H. Wells, Major Race, subIndian agent, and several other distinguished citizens left Great Salt Lake City for Parowan Valley; they passed through Utah and Juab Counties by the lower ford of the Sevier and across Lake Valley, and reached Chalk Creek, in Parowan Valley, October 28th. On the twenty-ninth, the site for the seat of Government was determined about a mile east of the ford; the city was named Fillmore, and the county, Millard; a view of this site was painted by Majors, with the liberty pole and surrounding country; this lovely work of art is now in the Deseret Museum. The Governor and company returned by way of Sanpete Valley, where Judge Snow organized the Second Judicial District at Manti, in the county of Sanpete.

The work of colonization went on rapidly, improvements were made in every settlement, schoolhouses being among the first public buildings. The laws of health were publicly explained; lectures on astronomy and the sciences generally were delivered; the parent school gave instructions to qualify teachers for the territorial schools; native industries were encouraged; saleratus and other salts found here were largely used for bread making, soap manufacture, etc., etc.; cut nails were made from wagon tires and scrap iron to, supply present wants; iron making was started by forming a company in Iron County.

On the fifth of December, the Old Bowery was unroofed, and the material

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used for the Tabernacle, which was being finished. Many pleasing associations are connected with the Bowery, which was in constant use for public and private meetings, concerts, dramatic entertainments, readings, lectures, etc.

Much had been done during the year 1851 to improve the city and Territory; Great Salt Lake City had been incorporated; charters had been granted to Ogden, Provo, Manti and Parowan; Fillmore City had been located as the seat of Government and the Capital of Utah; Millard, Box Elder and Carson Counties had been settled; a capacious Tabernacle, one hundred and twenty-six by sixty-four feet, capable of seating three thousand people, had been erected and nearly completed; grain mills and saw mills were made in all the counties of Utah; minerals were discovered and utilized.

There was constant work for everyone to do; the people were few and the labors were most arduous to perform; mechanics and laborers all had their hands full; our professional men, Jesse W. Fox and others, in surveying; Professor Orson Pratt, and assistants, engaged in making observations and calculations on latitude, altitude, variation, etc., etc., for the different cities and settlements. To mention the names of all who were prominent in building up Zion would be impossible in a limited notice; when the history of our cities shall be written, it is to be hoped that justice will be done by the youth of Israel to the memory of their fathers.

Beta.

The Jews have succeeded, by their shrewdness and executive ability, in ob

press of Germany. By means of these powerful levers they are raising themselves slowly and surely to commanding positions in commerce, law and politics. Their prosperity has attracted to Germany thousands of Jews anxious to elevate themselves. As is natural, the Germans are exasperated at the fact that they,

after having won glorious victories on the battle-fields of France and Austria, should be beaten in the more material fields of commerce and politics.

A gentleman, residing in Berlin, sends to an Albany journal the following description of an "anti-Semitic" scene in the university of that city:

Professor a "baptized Jew," was lecturing upon the history of philosophy, before a large audience of students. He had finished the Egyptians and had come to the Greeks.

"The Greeks, gentlemen, were indeed philosophers, genuine philosophers, with all the excellencies and defects of the philosophical mind. Yes, gentlemen, they were weak enough even to hate the Jews."

Hissing, howls, applause—an absolute pandemonium of noise-greeted this foolhardy digression.

Fortunately the hour was at an end, and the agitators had to delay any further uproar until the following lecture.

A half-hour before the beginning of the lecture, the auditorium, the second largest in the university, was filled to overflowing with students.

The professor, foreseeing that an attempt to reach his rostrum might be attended with considerable difficulty, was early in his place, and by the time he rose to speak, the room and all its approaches were crammed with men, who were bent on mischief.

Precisely at the end of the academic "quarter" a German professor never begins till a quarter of an hour after the advertised time-Professor arose,

sipped a glass of water (not beer), and began: "Meine herr'n, Socrates war der erste" (Socrates was the first)-he had finished! What might have been the end of this promising proposition the world will probably never know.

"Socrates!" was echoed from a dozen parts of the room. "Socrates wasn't a Jew." "Give us something about the Jews." "Take it back! Take it back!" "Retract!" "Dare you say it again?" [Referring to the remark of the previous lecture]. "Lie! lie! lie! You vulgar liar!" And, will you believe it, the professor

so far forgot himself and the dignity of his position as to shout out in return, "I am no Jew!" "Baptized Jew!" came back to him as from a pack of maniacs. "Leopard can't change his spots!"

The man tried again and again to get a hearing, but in vain. The students would listen to nothing. In parts of the room you could see at times some arch conspirator standing on a desk and haranguing neighbors or reading some incendiary article from a newspaper.

Finally, after affairs had quieted down somewhat through the sheer weariness of the audience-audience is, by the way, a fair word here-the professor made himself heard, but only to remark, in a mild tone

"Gentlemen, it seems somewhat unquiet here, and the room a little too small; would we not do well to go into the barracks?"— -a large building which is used by the professors in their largely attended "popular lectures."

Instantly there was a stampede for the barracks. It was filled at once, and the students were again in readiness to continue matters.

Not so, however, their worthy teacher. He simply made the best of the opportu nity to take French leave, and the students had assembled this second time only to hear from the Dean of the Philosophical Faculty that "Professor would not lecture to-night."

"We will have him!" "We will have him!" "Send him to us or we will go and take him!" "Send us the cursed Jew!" was their answer.

They were furious at being cheated of their prey, and proposed to spend the remaining portion of the time by venting their anger through speeches and resolu tions. At this crisis, however, the old janitor appeared on the scene, and in one small speech effected what the accomplished professor and venerable dean were powerless to bring about.

In a shrill, piping voice, and with a nasal twang of which only a born Berliner is capable, he merely remarked

"Meine Herrn: In precisely two minutes the gas will be turned off."-Youth's Companion.

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"Let the great world spin forever, Down the ringing grooves of change."

Tennyson.

IN a former article under this caption, it was the writer's main endeavor to depict examples of monotony as it is presented to the sight. The audible world is quite as prolific of illustration, and perhaps even more so than the visible. Who has not felt or noticed the effect upon the senses, of a protracted duration or continual recurrence of sound? Among the best of soporifics is the ripple of a stream, the patter of the rain, or the voice of a tiresome preacher. They may not be equally agreeable in operation, but they are all wonderfully effective in producing sleep.

No public meeting is the proper place to indulge in slumber, and I esteem not at all highly the individual who makes a practice of attending church for such purposes. He would much better remain at home, where his nasal soliloquies would not compete with the voice of the minister, and his example be less contagious to others of somnolent propensities; nevertheless, I verily believe there are times when the preacher is more to be censured than the listener, and when the act of falling asleep during a sermon, should excite less blame than commiseration. Any sound, unduly prolonged, especially when no respect is paid to variety of tone or expression, we soon weary of, and a discourse, oration, or dialogue, though teeming with instruction, loses much of its force, and falls short of its purpose, when its medium is a dry and tedious delivery. The principle herein to digress for a moment-holds also with regard to a speaker's appearance in public. He who wishes to hold influence over the masses, must not appear too frequently before them. No matter how imposing his appearance, splendid his diction, or elegant his address, or how powerful and eloquent a reasoner he may be: if he is seen or heard too often, interest in him will abate correspondingly, appreciation of his ability will vanish, and he will soon be

devoid of the influence he once swayed over the mind and heart of the multitude. He who aims to be an agreeable converser, must not keep his tongue perpetually going. He must take his turn as a listener, giving others an occasional chance to speak, or he will be considered as a bore, and admiration for his talents will be turned into disgust for his egotism. The very secret of power often lies in the mastery.over the tongue: "Even the fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise; and he that shutteth his lips, is esteemed a man of understanding."

A mere numbskull, by saying nothing, has more than once impressed the awestricken circle around him with the idea that he was a profound thinker; when the fact was that he said nothing, for the simple reason that he had nothing to say. Silence was his forte, and he had sense enough to know it and act accordingly. Many a one, equally ignorant, has made himself ridiculous by neglecting to do likewise. To obtain an illustration of the influence of silence, one has but to go into an evening company. Not a gossip gathering, where the longest tongue is the test of excellence; not where Fashion and Frivolity are the presiding deities, where one might spend the period of his natural life without hearing a single sentiment worth remembering; but an intelligent company, where literature, art, science, politics and religion are occasional themes of conversation. Go there, and listen to the babbler, who "knows it all;" who has something to say upon every subject, and in matters up for discussion assumes the position of oracle to the rest. Observe then, the individual, if such there be, who keeps a silent tongue until his opinion is solicited, then submits his views modestly, plainly, in few words but with a quiet telling emphasis on all. You will not be long in deciding which is the more impressive, and wields most influence. "Speech is silver, but silence is gold."

A common illustration of the effect of monotony, will be noticed in the neighbor