but, though inexhaustible in itself, yet a fountain whereof we cannot drink, save as it is derived unto us through the Human Nature of Christ.

"It is through the Humanity of Christ, as the organ or conduit, that we are united and reconciled unto the Divine Nature. For although the Holy Spirit, or Third Person in Trinity, doth immediately, and by personal propriety, work faith and other spiritual graces in our souls, yet doth He not by these spiritual graces unite our souls or spirits immediately unto Himself, but unto Christ's Human Nature. He doth as it were till the ground of our hearts, and make it fit to receive the seed of life; but this seed of righteousness immediately flows from the Sun of righteousness, whose sweet influence likewise it is which doth immediately season, cherish, and ripen it." Then Jackson shows that this is what St. Paul meant by saying that "the second Adam was made a quickening Spirit," and that our Lord meant to speak of Himself glorified as a quickening Spirit, when He said, "It is the Spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing. The words that I speak unto you are spirit and life.” He had said, in the verses before, to such as were offended at His words, 'What if you should see the Son of Man ascend up where He was before?' The implication contained in the connexion between these two verses and the precedent is this: that Christ's Virtual Presence, or the influence of life, which His Human Nature was to distil from His Heavenly throne, should be more profitable to such as were capable of it, than His Bodily Presence, or the bodily eating of His flesh and blood, could be, although it had been convertible into their bodily substance."

"For so

And then Jackson winds up by saying that "this distillation of life and immortality from His glorified Human Nature is that which the ancient and orthodoxal Church did mean in their figurative and lofty speeches of Christ's Real Presence, or of eating His very flesh and drinking His very blood in the Sacrament."

GREEK AND LATIN FATHERS QUOTED OR REFERRED

ΤΟ IN THIS VOLUME, IN THEIR
ORDER.

CHRONOLOGICAL

PAGES

CLEMENT OF ROME.-The undoubted author of an Epistle
to the Corinthians, bound up with the Alexandrine MS.
of the Greek Bible. The Epistle appears to have been
written from Rome about A. D. 95. It is an exhortation
to concord, interwoven with examples and general
maxims. Hermas, the author of The Shepherd, implies
that Clement was living when he wrote (A.D. 140?).
But Eusebius assigns to him an earlier date, saying that
he died A. D. 100; if so, he may be the Clement men-
tioned by St. Paul, as one of his "fellow-labourers whose
names are in the Book of Life" (Philip. iv. 3).

His name occurs in the lists of early Roman Bishops
Passage on Natural Theology

On the Atonement

On Church discipline

IGNATIUS.-The undoubted author of seven Epistles, six ad-
dressed to various Churches, one to Polycarp, written
on his journey from Antioch (of which he was Bishop)
to Rome, where he suffered martyrdom, A.D. 107 (or, ac-
cording to Bishop Pearson, A.D. 116). Whether the
Syriac version or the shorter Greek recension most truly
represents the original text, is doubted. The longer re-
cension is by a later hand.

His words to Trajan on the Death of Christ
On the three orders of the Ministry

Anonymous Epistle to DIOGNETUS; two fragments of an eloquent Christian writer, who speaks of himself as a disciple of the Apostles, early in second century.

On the Atonement

100;

JUSTIN MARTYR.-A Greek philosopher, born about A.D. resided at Flavia Neapolis, near the ancient Sichem. Learning nothing satisfactory from the philosophies of Greece, he met at last an aged man on the sea-shore, who brought him "to the Gates of Light." The insurrection of Bar-Cochab (A.D. 132) drove him from Samaria. At Ephesus he held his dialogue with the Jew Trypho, proving that Jesus is the Messiah of the Old Testament; and at Rome he presented his First Apology to Antoninus Pius, and his Second to Marcus Aurelius. He was beheaded, A.D. 164, for refusing to sacrifice to the gods.

His comment on Christ being made a curse, Gal. iii. 13
His account of the Eucharistic Service.

IRENEUS. A native of Asia-Minor, and in his youth a disciple of the venerable POLYCARP, who was burnt in the amphitheatre of Smyrna about A.D. 167. We first hear of Irenæus as a presbyter of Lyons, and the bearer of a letter to Eleutherus (Bishop of Rome) during the great persecution at Lyons and Vienne (A.D. 177). At Rome he encountered the Gnostics, who had seduced his old fellow-student Florinus from the faith. On his return to Lyons he succeeded the martyr Pothinus as Bishop, and composed his Refutation of the Gnostics, of which five books have been preserved, mostly in a Latin version. Martyred about A. D. 202.

CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA.-By far the most learned of the
Fathers of the second century. A disciple of Pantænus.
When Pantænus went on his mission to India (A.D. 188),
Clement succeeded him as head of the Catechetical

270

324

School of Alexandria, and then or later took priest's
orders. To avoid the persecution under Septimius Severus
he fled to Cappadocia, leaving the care of the school to
his young pupil ORIGEN. He died about A.D. 216. In
his Protrepticon, or Exhortation to Gentiles, in his Pæda-
gogue, and in his Stromata (σтpwuareis, Miscellanies) he
seeks to show how the Logos has been in all time work-
ing in men's minds and leading them to the truth.

On the difficulty of demonstrating the existence of God

TERTULLIAN.-Born at Carthage; flourished, according to Jerome, in the reigns of Severus and Caracalla (A.D. 193-216); converted to Christianity in mature life. The first Latin Father; wrote against the Gnostics. He had a fiery rugged nature; and in later life adopted the fanatical views of the Montanists; but none ever embraced Christianity with more ardour, or defended it with more impetuous eloquence. He died about A.D. 220. The Soul's Testimony to God.

On the Church.

On the Eucharist

PAGES

249

243

ORIGEN.-Born at Alexandria A.D. 185; educated as a Christian by Leonides his father, who died a martyr; succeeded his master, CLEMENT, as catechist, when only 18 years of age; retired to Cappadocia and Palestine, and there completed his laborious Commentaries on Scripture, and his more speculative works, which the Church has declined to accept as strictly orthodox. He was imprisoned in the Decian persecution, and died A.D. 254. Misled the Church into the idea that Christ paid a ransom to the Evil One 279, 300, 304 CYPRIAN.-Born A.D. 200; a lawyer of Carthage; converted A. D. 246; made Bishop of Carthage A.D. 248; beheaded A.D. 258. During the Decian persecution, being driven into exile, he directed and encouraged his flock by a series of Epistles, which are of the deepest interest,

PAGES

341, 349

treating mostly of matters of discipline. He read daily the writings of Tertullian, and used to call him his teacher. His Epistle on the Mixed Chalice. EUSEBIUS.-Born A.D. 270, in Palestine; influenced by the writings of Origen in his two great theological works, the Præparatio and Demonstratio Evangelica. Bishop of Cæsarea 313. He was a personal friend of the Emperor Constantine, and from courtly influences and want of moral courage adopted semi-Arian opinions. His invaluable Church History comes down to the eve of the Council of Nicæa. Died A. D. 340.

On the vicarious sufferings of Christ

ATHANASIUS.- - Born at Alexandria A. D. 296; diminutive
in stature but of singular beauty. In his boyhood he had
attracted the attention of the aged Bishop Alexander,
who made him archdeacon, and took him to the Council
of Nicæa (A. D. 325), where his intellectual power and
unflinching courage placed him at the head of the Homo-
ousian party.
On his return he became Bishop of
Alexandria. Ten years later he was banished to Treves
by the Arian faction. A second, a third, and a fourth
time, he was driven into exile by his bitter enemies.
Through a long life he fought the battle of the faith, at
times single-handed, against the Arian heresy. He died
A. D. 373.

Argument from design for God's Existence
Doctrine of Christ's Divinity

Doctrine of the Incarnation and Atonement
Doctrine of the Eucharist

279

243

32, 254

177, 282, 293

131, 346

CYRIL OF JERUSALEM.—Born about A.D. 315. Bishop of Jerusalem when Julian attempted to rebuild the Temple; died about A.D. 386. His Catechetical Lectures were delivered in Helena's Church on Mount Calvary. Expressions about the Eucharist apt to be mistaken

GREGORY OF NYSSA, a younger brother of BASIL. Both

347