the jurisdiction or controul of a Secretary of State. Disappointed as Mr. Livius was in the prospect of liberating the prisoner, he hastened to town again, and got a proper legal order from the late humane Akerman; he then hired a Gravesend boat, and did not overtake the transport till he arrived at the Nore, whence he conveyed the convict to London, where a few merchants on 'Change, on hearing the whole transaction, collected sixteen guineas, with which the tar, honest in principle, sailed a free man to the American continent.

"A second time I was attacked and robbed, and at the instant seized the criminal, whom I knew; he fell on his knees, and returned the money he had taken from me, and prayed forgiveness. I told him I could not commute felony; he must instantly depart, and advised him to go to sea, and never suffer me to see him again. About two years afterward, on visiting a person in the country, I met with this offender. Upon enquiring into his situation, I found that he had since been married, and was become a respectable far

mer.

"I have been since repeatedly attacked and robbed, but after the most friendly expostulation with the robbers, I could not persuade them to listen to advice, or ever afterwards call upon me as the highwayman did. In one of these instances, the party consisted of five footpads, in another of even more in number, but in neither of these did I receive any personal ill usage; and I think from their behaviour, had they dared to postpone their retreat till they had heard the whole of my expostulation, some conviction and submission would have resulted.

"Certain, however, it is, that the man rescued by the efforts of Chief Justice Livius, as well as the person who robbed me on the highway, had forfeited their lives to the laws of this

country; and that all were casually, not legally, saved from expiating their crimes on a gallows. It is equally remarkable, that each became useful members of the community, in different situations; namely, in the military, the. naval, and agricultural departments these circumstances strongly plead in favour of a senti

ment worthy of every humane breast, that, in judging of actions, we should endeavour, to discriminate motives, and form our judgment from the most lenient and favourable construction." p. 30-41.

Section III. Hints respecting wills and testaments.

These hints inforce by arguments the propriety of making wills while in the possession of health.

Section IV. Hints respecting a fe, male benefit club and lying-in cha rity, with a silhouette of Mrs. Pris, cilla Wakefield.

These hints contain accounts and rules of societies in actual existence, for the benefit of the female sex, at Tottenham, upon the plans of which similar have been instituted in other places. They communicate relief to poor women in lying-in, by some pecuniary assistance, and the loan of suitable linen; the same benefits are also given to the sick, but the linen is not lent in the case of infectious dis eases. By the purchase of flax they have employed the poor females who were without work, by giving them flax and a wheel; the flax, when spun, is taken to a place appointed for its reception, the spinner is paid, and her work made into linen, and sold to the inhabitants. The benefit clubs are aided by the contributions of honorary members; who derive no benefit. The advantages resulting from this intercourse of the rich with the poor are many, and one noticed is, the keeping of a book for entering the names of such members, or their children, who may desire to go to service.

Section V. Hints respecting a vil lage society.

These merely suggest friendly con viviality.

Section VI. Hints respecting the support and education of the deal and dumb children of the poor, with a silhouette of the Rev. H. C. Masca M. A.

The effects of this institution hat produced astonishment in all w have witnessed them, and product a proportionate measure of bene lence. If the suggestion that the dur are caused to speak, to read, and understand the construction of guage, should produce an addition t the list of subscribers, and there extend relief to the numerous

distressed applicants, we shall feel highly gratified.

Section VII. Hints respecting the employment of the blind, with a silhouette of James Ware, Esq.

The advantages accruing to the objects of the institutions noticed in these hints must afford to every benevolent mind peculiar pleasure, inasmuch as they bring into active and useful life, such as, prior to these, and the institution named in the foregoing section, were, in general, considered as objects of pity and uselessness. Section VIII. Hints respecting the monument erected to John Howard, in Saint Paul's Cathedral, with a silhouette of John Nichols, Esq. and an engraving of the monument."

These hints contain the correspondence upon the object in view: they exhibit the impression made upon benevolent minds by Mr. Howard's eminent philanthropy, and his extreme modesty and unaffected humility, which fully appear in his letters on the subject.

Section IX. Hints for establishing a society for promoting useful literature, with silhouettes of the Rev. David Williams, and Thomas Dale, M. D. An account of this society may be found under the article Claims of Literature, No. V. p. 257.

Section X. Hints to masters and mistresses respecting female servants. Section XI. Hints respecting religious persecution.

Section XII. Hints respecting hu mane societies for the recovery of drowned persons, with silhouettes of William Hawes, M.D.T.Cogan, M.D. and A. Fothergill, M. D. and an engraving of the honorary medal of the Royal Humane Society.

These hints contain an account of the origin and progress of the Royal Humane Society-The method of treatment it employs-An oration delivered before the Society, Sept. 17, 1794-The presenting of the medal to A. Fothergill, M. D. and the Doctor's reply.

Volume III. The engraved title to this volume is embellished with a silhouette of Dr. Jenner.

Section 1. Hints respecting the cow-pock, with an engraving of the sacred cow, silhouettes of W. Woodville, M. D. and G. Pearson, M. D. F.R.S.&c. and an engraving of B. Waterhouse, M.D. Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine.

Vaccine inoculation is here considered as the most important invention of modern times; the Doctor states its peculiar advantages, and warmly recommends its universal adoption,

In these hints are an account of the institution for vaccine inoculation, and the rules for its management. They conclude with accounts of the progress of the invention, and some correspondence on the subject.

Section II. Hints addressed to card parties.

These hints are not intended to "condemn or vindicate" the practice, but are designed to promote benevolence, by the appropriation of winnings to charitable purposes.

Section III. Hints respecting the establishment of schools for extending the education of the poor, with an engraving of the elevation of the house at Ackworth.

This school was instituted, and is supported by the people called Quakers; the management is regulated by rules, which embrace every minutiæ relative to the treatment, instruction, and conduct of the children.

The Sunday school society is comprehended in these hints, and its regulations accompanied with silhou ettes of R. Raikes, Esq. and N. Hulme, M. D. and an engraving of James Sims, M. D.

Section III. Hints respecting the Philanthropic Society.

Section IV. Hints designed to promote the establishment of a dispensary for extending medical relief to the poor at their own habitations.

These hints, which conclude with the rules of the General Dispensary in Aldersgate Street, contain a pathetic address, stating the situation of the poor, for the purpose of increasing the means of affording them medical assistance in time of sickness. The support of dispensaries is recommended in the following note: "By the report in 1796, respecting the Ge neral Dispensary, it appeared that 125,316 poor persons have received medical assistance, either at their own habitations, or at the dispensary in Aldersgate Street. A plan so peculiarly useful was instituted in different parts of the metropolis; and at the present time as many have been established as to afford relief to about 50,000 poor people annually; one third of whom at least are at

tended at their own habitations; a mode of relief which keeps the branches of the family from being separated, and affords an opportunity for the wife to nurse the sick husband or child, or the husband to superintend and protect a sick wife, which naturally tends to meliorate and augment the tender affections. By this mode of conveying relief to the bosoms and houses of the poor, the expence is trivial indeed; as one guinea, which is the annual subscription of a governor, affords the means of relief to at least ten patients! Hence 50,000 patients are annually relieved for 50001. a sum not exceeding one third of the revenue of a single hospital in London, which relieves scarcely 6000 patients in a year p. 185, 186.

Section V. Hints respecting the bite of a mad dog, or rabid animal, with a silhouette of W. Norris, Esq. Some cases are here noticed, the result of which is, "that by the removal or destruction of the wounded parts, at any time previous to the appearance of the disease, the dreadful effects from the bite of a rabid animal may be obviated." p. 233.

Section VI. Hints for establishing a sea-bathing infirmary at Margate, for the poor of London, with an elevation and plan of the infirmary.

Section VII. Hints for the establishment of a medical society in London, with an engraving of the prize medal of the society, and a silhouette of John Fothergill, M. D.

Section VIII. Hints respecting a substitute for wheat bread.

The use of the Indian corn is recommended as a pleasant, cheap, and nutritious substitute.

liament relative to Wilkes and American affairs-The repeal of all duties except that on tea, and the prorogation of parliament.

At the opening of the session the address was opposed by Lord Chatham, who after approving some of the topics of the king's speech, adverted to the state of the nation, and among other observations used in introducing an amendment to the address, said, "the privileges of the house of lords, however transcendent, however appropriate to them, stood in fact on the broad bottom of the people. The rights of the greatest and meanest subjects had the same foundation, the security of the law common to all. It was therefore their highest interest, as well as their duty, to watch over and guard the people; for when the people had lost their rights, those of the peerage would soon become insignificant. Be assured, my lords,' he continued, that in whatever part of the empire 'you suffer slavery to be established, whether it be in America, in Ireland, or at home, you will find it 'a disease which spreads by contact, ' and soon reaches from the extre 'mities to the heart. The man who has 'lost his own freedom becomes from 'that moment an instrument, in the 'hands of an ambitious prince, to

This amendment was opposed by Lord Mansfield, who observed, that "declarations of law made by either house of parliament were always attended with bad effects: he constantly opposed them when he had an opportunity, and never in his judicial capacity thought himself bound to honour them with the slightest regard. He considered general warrants illegal, or rather no warrants at all, but was sorry the house of commons should declare it by their vote. Had they been declared legal, the courts at Westminster would have judged otherwise, and thus the vote of the house would have been treated with disrespect." p. 417.

Chap. XVIII. 1769, 1770, 1771.This chapter commences with a view of America, and it is observed, "while the cause of American insubordination was so vehemently defended by advocates of unparalleled courage, credit, and ability, it could not be expected that the exertions of authority in restraining the turbulent, and restoring the reign of order, should be attended with success. Every effort of coercion was resisted as an illegal incroachment, while all conciliatory attempts were considered as the results of timidity, and pledges of victory to future opposition." p. 462.

On the revival of the statute of Henry VIII. the author notices," the measure of the Grafton administration, which announced the revival of the obsolete statute of Henry VIII. produced extensive ill consequences; the tyrannical spirit of that proceeding was so obvious, that in the provinces where the inhabitants were tranquil and loyal, it was felt as an invasion of liberty, and the people were obliged to those who, in the other states, were willing to brave the storm, and by a display of courageous hostility,

secure their freedom.'

p. 462.

The effect of this measure appeared in Massachusetts Bay, and the conduct of the people there was soon followed by the other provinces. This was succeeded by the forming of nonimportation committees, and the conduct of the people of Boston towards the military. The author here introduces a circumstantial account of the riots at Boston. The repeal of taxes induces the inhabitants to give large orders for British commodities, with

VOL. I.

the exception of tea. Another remonstrance is presented to the King from the City of London, by Beckford, who, after his majesty's answer, obtained permission to reply, which he did in enforcing the prayer of the petition, which was not answered. The subsequent subjects in this chapter are the debates in parliament upon the Falkland Islands, and the popu lar topics of the time, one of which was Lord Mansfield's opinion in the case of libels.

Chap. XIX. 1771, 1772.-This chapter begins with the disputes between the city and the house of commons, which originated in a complaint of breach of privilege made by Colonel Onslow, who moved that Wheeble and Thompson, two printers of newspapers, should be brought to justice, for misrepresenting the speeches, and reflecting on several of the members of the house of commons. The printers were ordered to attend at the bar of the house, but as they did not attend in consequence of the order, Mr. Onslow moved for an address to the King, to issue a procla mation, with a reward to any person who should apprehend them. Wheeble was taken, and carried before Wilkes, who not only discharged him, but took recognizances for prosecuting the person by whom he was apprehended. Thompson was arrested, and discharged by Alderman Oliver. Complaints were made against some other printers, who were ordered to appear before the house, one of whom, named Miller, refused to obey the summons, and an order was issued for taking him into custody by the serjeant at arms. When the messenger appeared to take Miller, a refusal to submit produced violence, and the messenger was taken by a constable ready for the purpose, before Wilkes, charged with assaulting Miller, but having finished the business of the day, referred the matter to the lord mayor, who held the messenger to bail to answer for the assault, The proceedings of the house against the Lord Mayor and Alderman Oliver, and the enthusiasm of the people in favour of them, are stated. The remaining contents of this chapter are, the application of a number of the clergy to be freed from subscription to articles, and of the Dissenters for the repeal of the test laws-The royal

3 Y

marriage bill-Deaths of the Princess Dowager, and of the Queen of Denmark.

At the end of the first volume is an Appendix, containing letters between Lord Bute and Lord Melcombe on the state of parties and politics previous to and during Lord Bute's administration-Correspondence relative to the discontinuance of the Prussian subsidy - Correspondence respecting Ireland-On the Isle of Man-Letter from a person in high office in America, on the temper of the people and state of politics, dated November 1765, and the establishment of the Royal Academy.

The account of the Isle of Man, which appears by the notes to be collected from several authorities of credit, we present to our readers.

"The early history of the Isle of Man is involved in considerable ob. scurity. On the expulsion of the Norwegians, the ancient records of the island were carried to Drontheim, in Norway, and on inquiry, within these thirty years, it has been discovered that they were accidentally destroyed by fire. However, it seems from the report of Calvin's case, that this island was an ancient and absolute kingdom.

"The tradition of the island points out the first trace of monarchy in the latest stages of druidical hierarchy, when christianity was introduced, and bishops were placed there by St. Patrick, not only ad erudiendum, but, ad regendum populum istius insulæ.

"The island was under an independent sovereign. By Edward II. it was granted to his favourite, Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, and was afterwards conquered and held by Alexander III. of Scotland, and governed by his thanes. By the assistance of Edward III. it again returned to the English line, and became the property of Sir William Montacute, who, in 1393, sold it to William le Scrope, on whose forfeiture it fell to Henry IV.

"This monarch, in the first year of his reign, granted the isle to Henry Earl of Northumberland, who being attainted for treason, it was granted to Sir John Stanley and his heirs, Tenendam de rege, hæredibus et successoribus suis, per homagium ligeum,redendo nobis duos falcones, &c. &c. from whom, by a líneal succession, this no

ble inheritance descended to Ferdinand, the fifth Earl of Derby.

"In the year following his succession, this nobleman died, leaving three daughters, co-heiresses, and his brother William, sixth Earl of Derby, his heir male.

"On the death of Earl Ferdinand, a controversy arose between his three daughters and widow, on the one part, and the said Earl William on the other. A reference in consequence was made by Queen Elizabeth to some of her privy council and judges.

"This dispute continued several years, and in the mean time the crown appears to have had possession of the island. At length an agree ment was made, various sums of money paid to Earl Ferdinand's daughter and his widow, and the succession of the island regulated by an act of parliament, in the 7th of James L.

"By this act it was settled, after certain limitations, on the right heirs of James, then Lord Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby, with a clause prohi bitory of alienation.

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The island descended to James, tenth Earl of Derby, on whose decease the male line of heirs of James Lord Stanley becoming extinct, recourse was had to Amelia Sophia, the youngest surviving daughter of James, seventh Earl of Derby, who was married to John Marquis of Athol, and from whom, by lineal succession, the island has devolved on the present Dutchess Dowager of Athol, Baroness Strange, under the parliamentary entail of the 7th of James I.

"It being conceived that the British and Irish revenues were materially affected by illicit practices carried to and from the Isle of Man, acts of parliament passed from time to time, regulating the trade of Great Britain in respect to the Isle of Man, which in the year 1765, being considered insufficient to carry their purposes into effect, after much negoti ation and correspondence with the Athol family, which was at length dropped, the bill of 1765, for investing the island in the crown, passed.

"The present Duke of Athol, who is heir apparent, and on the decease of his mother will be heir general of James Lord Stanley, conceiving that this act of parliament has been made in direct violation of the par