in special housings and kept continuously aspirated. The autographic records are made on a thread recorded' which utilises the out-of-balance current of a Wheatstone bridge network. The records for the years 1923-4 are discussed. Mean hourly values for each month are shown in a series of curves. In winter at midday the mean lapse between 1 m. and 17 m. is 0.7° F. (i.e., 2 times adiabatic), whilst in summer it is about 2.5° F. (i.e., 84 times adiabatic). Throughout the night of both winter and summer there is a mean inversion of about 1.3° F. between the same limits of height. In contrast with these mean values the extreme values recorded during each month are given. Between the heights of 1 m. and 17 m. lapses of 5.8° F. (20 times adiabatic) have been found and inversions as large as 120° F. Tables are also given showing the frequency of occurrence of gradients of various magnitudes. A number of selected charts are reproduced, and a detailed discussion is given of the various features which they contain, and of the factors which determine the magnitude of the temperature gradient in this region of the atmosphere. PROF. L. S. ORNSTEIN (Utrecht): Note on the InNuence of Radiation on Chemical Reactions. PROF. D. BERTHELOT (Paris): The Law of Photochemical Equivalents and the Place of the Quantum Theory in Relation to Atomic Theory and Energetics. PROF. P. LASAREFF (Hamburg): On the Transformation of Atoms in Radiation. General Discussion. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 10-1; 2.30-5. PROF. M. BODENSTEIN (Berlin): Introductory Paper. PROF. J. FRANCK (Göttingen): Elementary Processes of Photochemical Reactions in Gases. D. L. CHAPMAN (Oxford): Some Conclusions from Recent Work on Photochemistry. PROF H. S. TAYLOR (Princeton): Photosensitisation and the Mechanism of Chemical Reactions. E. J. BOWEN (Oxford): The Dissociation Theory and Photochemical Thresholds. PROF. CHR. WINTHER (Copenhagen): Dielectric Constant and the Speed of Photochemical Reactions. R. O. GRIFFITH and A. McKECWN (Liverpool): The Photochemical and Thermal Decomposition of Ozone. DR. E. B. LUDLAM and W. WEST (Edinburgh) The Electron Affinity of the Halogens. W. TAYLOR (Newcastle-on-Tyne): The Physical Antecedents of the Photo-Activity of Chlorine. PROF. W. ALBERT NOYES, JR. (Chicago): The Formation of Polar Compounds by Photochemical Reactions. PROF. VON HALBAN (Frankfurt a/M) : Absorption of Light in Solutions of Electrolytes. DR. H. KAUTSKY (Berlin): On Chemiluminescence. General Discussion. In addition to the authors of papers presented, the following are expected to take part in the discussions: Prof. E. C. C. Baly (Lievrpool; Dr. J. A. Christiansen (Copenhagen); Prof. P. Ehrenfest (Leyden); H. B. Hartley (Oxford); Prof. W. C. Lewis (Liverpool); Prof. F. A. Lindemann (Oxford); Prof. R. Luther (Dresden); Dr. E. K. Rideal (Cambridge); Prof. O. W. Richardson (London); Dr. N. V. Sidgwick (Oxford). Papers to be Communicated. PROF. C. BERTHOUD (Neuchatel): Photochemical Sensitization. MISS C. E. BLUKER (communicated by Prof. L. S. Ornstein): Flame Spectra and Chemical Reaction. W. J. VAN DIJCK (communicated by Prof. L. S. Ornstein): The Becquerel Effect on Copper Oxide Electrodes. PROF. J. PERRIN (Paris): The Photochemistry of Flourescent Solutions. PROF. E. BAUER (Zürich): The Photolysis of Methylene Blue Sensitized by Zinc Oxide. PROF. A. COHEN (Göttingen): The Influence of Moisture on Photochemical Reactions in Gases. PROF. I. PLOTNIKOW (Zagreb): (1) Concerning the Fundamental Laws of Photochemistry; NOTICES OF BOOKS. The Extra. Pharmacopoea. Vol. II. 18th Edition. XLII. + 728 pp. Foolscap Svo. By W. H. MARTINDALE, Ph. D., and W. W. WESTCOTT, M.B. Price 20s. net. H. K. Lewis and Co., Ltd., 136, Gower Street, London, W.C.1. The popularity of this work is shewn by the fact that the present is the 18th edition. We notice that the use in the present volume of certain portions of the text of the U.S.A. Pharmacopoea is by virtue of permission received from the Board of Trustees of the U.S.A. Pharmacopoea Convention. It is stated that the "Board of Customs and Excise will be prepared to regard articles made in accordance with formulæ in the Extra Pharmacopoea as known, admitted and approved of remedies for the purposes of medicine stamp duty, provided that a sufficient reference to the book appears in the labels under which the articles are sold." Butter Analysis. Average chemical composition of unadulterated butters : Water, 6.5 to 11.2%; curd, 2.4 to 3.1%; salt, 1.6 to 2.0%; fat, 83.7 to 89.5%. Appendicitis. Common intestinal parasites seem to be associated with this disease, e.g., ascaris lumbricordes and tricocephabis dispar. Chauvel has pointed out that appendicitis appears to be the most prevalent among meat eaters, notably beaf-eaters. It is, on the other hand, unknown among the Arabs and Chinese. In religious communities in Brittany, where meat is never eaten, apDisease of the pendicitis is unknown. vermiform appendix may be inhaled more frequently than commonly supposed by entozoa, e.g., oxyuris vermicularis and tricocephalus trichiurus may prepare the way for bacterial infection. A Manual of Chemistry for Medical Students, by ARTHUR P. LUFF, M.D., B.Sc., F.R.Č.P. (Lond.), and HUGH C. H. CANDY, B.A., B.Sc. (Lond.) Vol. I., Seventh Edition, Introduction and Inorganic Chemistry. Pp. 578. Foolscap 8vo. Price 11s. net. Cassel and Company, Ltd., La Belle Sauvage, London, E.C.4. This manual has been not only thoroughly revised in every paragraph, but enlarged. The enlargement was rendered. necessary by the additions required in order to keep pace with the alterations in the examination syllabuses, but still more by the remarkable progress that has been made in the theory of chemistry during the past few years. As Mr. Candy remarks in the Preface to the new edition, "the conception of the atom associated with the name of Sir Ernest Rutherford, the identification of isotopes by Prof. Soddy, Dr. Aston, and others, and the revelation of crystal structure by the X-ray analyses of Sir W. H. Bragg and others, have initiated an advance so rapid to a prospect so sublime, that imagination is almost breathless." These new conceptions and discoveries Mr. Candy had expounded in the introduction to the work with a lucidity and conciseness only possible to a master of the subject. For the convenience of the student the work has been divided into two volumes, representing approximately the two-year or two-session course of the medical student. But each volume has a section on practical chemistry, and an index, and is therefore self-contained. 2. Estimation of ammonium chloride in the bench solution.-Dilute 10 cc. of the bench solution of AmC to 500 c.c., and titrate this diluted solution by method (1) (p. 552), using the solution of AgNO, as standardized in the previous exercise. State your result in grm. of NH4Cl per litre, and compare it with that obtained for the same solution by another method in Exercise 7 (p. 544). 3. Estimation of Cl present as chlorides in the tap-water. Place 100 c.c. of the tap-water in a beaker over white paper, and titrate as above. State result in gram. of Cl per 100 litres. 4. Standardizing a solution of ammonium thiocyanate. In a clean winchester place 1 litre of distilled water; add to this between 7 and 8 grm. of AmSCy, dropping the crystals through a funnel, and then add 1 litre of distilled water; shake well till complete solution has taken place. Charge the burette with the solution. Place 10 c.c. of the standard AgNO, in a white dish, or in a beaker over white paper, add a little dilute HNO,, and titrate with AmSCy as in (ii) (p. 553). Note the relation between the two solutions, and hence find the strength of the AmSCy. State it in terms Journal of Chemical Education is published under the auspices of the Division of Chemical Education of the American Chemical Society. It is issued on the fifteenth of each month and contains one hundred or more pages devoted to articles of general informational nature, and articles relating to the problems of teaching in the university, college and secondary school. Articles of how chemistry is presented in different countries are frequently published. It is the world's only JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION. Publisher's Announcements. The following Books can be obtained from Rea & Inchbould, Merton House, Salisbury Square, London, E.C.4.: CONFESSIONS OF GREAT SOULS, By the REV. J. E. 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