modified by the state of the atmosphere and the relative position of the listener. Along the course of the river the sound is perceptible at a distance of fourteen miles, and in other directions not more than five or six miles. Some have declared they could hear it when distant thirty miles, and even at Toronto, in Canada, forty-five miles. And yet, strange to say, it is scarcely heard within the precincts. of the Falls above and at a little distance from them, the vibrations of the atmosphere doubtless conveying the sound down the stream, between its precipitous banks. Indeed, the wonder is to the visitor, not that the cadence is so great, but so small, compared with the quantity of water that falls.

NOTE 2.-PAGE 12.

"In the year that king Uzziah died, I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple. Above it stood the seraphims, each one had six wings; with twain he covered his face, and with twain he covered his feet, and with twain he did fly. And one cried unto another and said, Holy, holy, holy, LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory. And the posts of the door moved at the voice of him that cried, and the house was filled with smoke. Then said I, wo is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips; for mine eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts. Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his

hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar: and he laid it upon my mouth and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away and thy sin purged."—Isaiah iv. 1–5.

NOTE 3.-PAGE 21.

It is said that the stag, when in the extremity of the chase, seeing his death to be inevitable, will shed tears. Thomson, in his Seasons, thus refers to this peculiarity:

"The stag too singled

-His once so vivid nerves,

So full of buoyant spirit, now no more

Inspire the course; but fainting, breathless toil,
Sick, seizes on his heart; he stands at bay;
And puts his last weak refuge in despair.
The big round tears run down his dappled face;
He groans in anguish; while the growling pack,

Blood-happy, hang at his fair jutting chest,

And mark his beauteous checquer'd sides with gore."

Autumn.

NOTE 4.-PAGE 27.

"Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath showed it unto them. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: because that when they knew God,

they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful, but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools; and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things."Romans i. 19-23.

NOTE 5.-PAGE 30.

The attempt has been made by some to prove from certain changes now evidently occurring about the Falls and the Great Lakes, that there will be in coming time a sudden deluge of the country bordering upon them. In reference to such an event Mr. Hall, in his Geological Survey, says, "The views which have been entertained of the sudden drainage of this (Lake Erie) or any of the Upper Lakes, and a deluging of the country on the north and east, are no longer considered tenable by any one; and even if Lake Erie could be drained suddenly, it would cause no deluge of any importance. If the whole Lake were at once placed upon Lake Ontario, it would only elevate its surface about one hundred and fifty feet, so that its extent would not exceed the limits of the ancient lake ridge, and the outlet would still be the valley of the St. Lawrence."

NOTE 6.-PAGE 33.

"Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the back side

of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb. And the Angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush; and he looked, and behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burned. And when the LORD saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses! And he said, Here am I. And he said, Draw not nigh hither: put off thy shoes from off thy feet; for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground. Moreover, he said, I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look upon God.-Exodus iii. 1-6.

NOTE 7.-PAGE 33.

Numerous and beautiful Islands, connected with the Falls, add much to the lovely and striking character of their surrounding scenery. These isolated spots of earth are found above the cataract, some near its descent, and others at a greater distance off. A description of the latter is given in the note on Niagara river, already alluded to. Those that cluster just over the verge of the precipice, are here described.

The first of these Islands viewed from the American shore is BATH ISLAND, being twenty-four rods in length, and containing about two acres, with a surface originally

rough and broken, covered alternately with rocks and trees. From its shores the rapids are seen plunging headlong towards it with inconceivable impetuosity, leading the beholder to dread momentarily its overflow. It is however based upon an impregnable rock, and strongly withstands the continued onset of the furious tides, ever rushing around it and descending into the abyss beyond. Just above this are SHIP and BRIG ISLANDS, so called from their remote likeness to such vessels, presented by their shape and the various trees that thickly cover their area.

Beyond Bath Island is GOAT or IRIS ISLAND, called by the first name because goats were formerly raised upon it, and by the second because upon a clear sunshiny day many beautiful rainbows may be seen from it overhanging the Cataract. This Island, forming on one side a part of the precipice, commences near the head of the Rapids almost in the centre of the river, dividing it so as to form the two main portions of the Falls that descend on either side. Its length is half a mile, and its width one-fourth of a mile, covering an extent of sixty or seventy acres of fertile land. Goat Island, according to Mr. Hall, is formed by an accumulation of gravel, sand and clay upon the surface of the limestone rock, and is evidently a portion of a once much more extensive deposit. Upon the southern side of this Island, where there is an escarpment, the thickness of the superficial deposit is about twenty-five feet. This is a most lovely and romantic spot of ground, affording a cool retreat in summer from the noon-day heat, beneath the dense foliage of trees abounding there, upon the trunks of