I.

1 Pet. i. 15,

A. In respect to its Head, Christ; of its Holy CHAP. Calling; of its Holy Baptism, wherein we are created anew after God in righteousness and true holiness; of the Holy Offices performed in it; of the Holiness of Life required from its members; Eph. iv. 24. of the "Inheritance, Holy and undefiled," which 2 Tim. ii. 19. God has promised to them.

Q. 12. What is the derivation and meaning of the term CATHOLIC ?

A. Catholic is from the Greek adjective xaooxixòs, universal, and is derived from the adverb xalónov, throughout, which is from the preposition xarà, according to, and oxos, whole; and Catholic means diffused throughout the whole, or1 universal.

1 Bp. PEARSON ad S. Ignat. ad Smyrn. 8. "Prima Catholicæ Ecclesiæ mentio in Polycarpi Martyrio sub Marco Antonino, secunda in passione Pionii sub Decio," says Valesius; but, as Bp. PEARSON observes, the word had been previously used by S. Ignat. 1. c.

Q. 13. How is the Church thus CATHOLIC or UNIVERSAL?

1

16.

2 Tim. i. 9.

1 Pet. i. 4.

A. In respect of time, as enduring throughout Matt. xxviii all ages, from the beginning till the end of the 20. xxiv. 31. world. In respect of place, as not limited, like

2

15.

47.

the Jewish Church, to one People, but as compre- Mark xvi. hending those of all Nations who are in the main Luke xxiv. points of religion one and the same. In respect Rev. v. 9. of Faiths and Practice, as teaching all truth, and as requiring holiness from all; and as ministering, by God's appointment, all His means of spiritual Grace.*

1 S. CYRIL. HIEROS. Catechesis xviii. p. 296, ed. Ven. 1763. Καθολικὴ καλεῖται διὰ τὸ κατὰ πάσης εἶναι τῆς οἰκουμένης ἀπὸ περάτων γῆς ἕως περάτων, καὶ διὰ τὸ διδάσκειν και θολικῶς καὶ ἀνελλιπῶς ἅπαντα τὰ εἰς γεῶσιν ἀνθρώπων ἐλ θεῖν ὀφείλοντα δόγματα περί τε ὁρατῶν καὶ ἀοράτων πραγ μάτων ἐπουρανίων τε καὶ ἐπιγείων, καὶ διὰ τὸ πᾶν γένος

I.

PART ἀνθρώπων εἰς εὐσέβειαν ὑποτάσσειν ἀρχόντων τε καὶ ἄρχος μένων, λογίων τε καὶ ἰδιωτῶν, καὶ διὰ τὸ καθολικῶς ἰατρεύειν μὲν καὶ θεραπεύειν ἅπαν τὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν εἶδος, τῶν διὰ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος ἐπιτελουμένων, κεκτῆσθαι δὲ ἐν αὐτῇ πᾶσαν ἰδέαν ὀνομαζομέης ἀρετῆς ἐν ἔργοις καὶ λόγοις καὶ πνευματικοῖς παντοίοις χαρίσμασιν.

2 S. AUG. in Ps. lvi. (iv. p. 754, ed. Paris, 1835), Corpus Christi est Ecclesia, non ista aut illa, sed toto orbe diffusa, nec ea quæ nunc est in hominibus qui præsentem vitam agunt, sed ad eam pertinentibus etiam his qui fuerunt ante nos et his qui futuri sunt post nos usque ad finem sæculi. Tota enim Ecclesia constans ex omnibus fidelibus, quia fideles omnes sunt membra Christi, habet illud Caput positum in cœlis, quod gubernat corpus suum.

3 S. IREN. V. xx. p. 430. Ecclesiæ quidem prædicatio vera et firma, apud quam una et eadem salutis via in universo mundo ostenditur. Huic enim creditum est lumen

Dei. Ubique enim Ecclesia prædicat veritatem.

Archbp. CRANMER, Works, iv. p. 278, ed. Jenkyns, De Ecclesia. Bp. BULL, Corruptions of the Church of Rome, in answer to the Bp. of Meaux's (Bossuet's) Queries. Works, ii. p. 243, ed. Burton. Archbishop POTTER ON Church Government, p. 29, ed. 1724. Archdn. MANNING, Unity of the Church, pp. 21-30.

See below, chap. iv. ans. 3 to 9.

Q. 14. Are the members of any particular or national Church (for example, of Italy, Greece, France, England, &c.) rightly called Catholics?

A. Yes; being Members of the Universal Church of Christ, they are Catholics, generally; or, more particularly, Italian Catholics, Greek Catholics, French Catholics, and English or AngloCatholics.

1 S. PACIAN, Ep. 1, ad Sempronian. Christianus mihi nomen, Catholicus cognomen; illud me nuncupat, istud ostendit.

Q. 15. And what thence do you conclude concerning the claim often preferred by the Church of Rome to be called the Catholic Church?

A. The Church of Rome is a part of the

Catholic Church, as the other Churches before CHAP. mentioned are; but neither the Church of Rome,1 I. nor the Church of England, nor the Greek Church, nor any other particular Church, is the Catholic or Universal Church, any more than a Branch is a Tree, or a Hand is the whole Body.

1 S. HIERON. ad Evag. lxxxv. Et Galliæ, et Britannia, et Africa, et Persis, et Oriens, et India, et omnes barbaræ nationes unum Christum adorant, unam observant regulam veritatis. Si auctoritas quæritur, ORBIS major est Urbe.

CASAUBON, ad Cardinal. Perron. Epistol. p. 493, ed 1709. Romana, Græca, Antiochena, Ægyptia, Abyssina, Moscovitica, et plures aliæ membra sunt Ecclesiæ Catholicæ.—Mirandum igitur Romanam Ecclesiam jus omne Universitatis ad se trahere, appellationem Ecclesiæ Catholicæ sibi propriam facere, et reliquas omnes quæ in ullâ re a se disentiunt excludere communione suâ ac statim illas ad Catholicam nihil pertinere audacter affirmare.

NECESSARY DOCTRINE and Erudition for any Christian Man, Art. ix. A. D. 1543, And therefore the Church of Rome, being but a several Church, challenging the name of Catholic above all other, doeth great wrong to all other Churches, and doeth only by force support an unjust usurpation; for that Church hath no more right to that name than the Church of France, Spain, England, or Portugal, which be justly called Catholic Churches.

2 THEOPHYLACT ad 1 Cor. xii. 27. tyv åravtaxov tŷs oixovμένης καθολικὴν ἐκκλησίαν, ἧς τὸ σῶμα συνέστηκεν ἐκ τῶν ἁπανταχοῦ ἐκκλησιῶν.

See below, Pt. ii. ch. i. and Pt. ii ch. viii.

Q. 16. How is the Church APOSTOLICAL?

A. As built on the foundation of the Apostles,

Jesus Christ Himself being the Chief Corner Stone; Ephes. n. 20. as continuing steadfastly in the doctrine of the Apostles, and in communion with them and their Acts ii. 42. lawful successors.1

1 Revel. xxi. 14. And the wall of the city had twelve foundations (foundation-stones, Oɛμexiovs, sc. aleovs), and in them names of the Twelve Apostles of the Lamb.

PART

I.

S. IGNAT. ad Smyrn. 8.. Όπου ἂν φανῃ ὁ ἐπίσκοπος, ἐκεῖ τὸ πλῆθος ἔστω οὐκ ἐξόν ἐστιν χωρὶς ἐπισκόπου, οὔτε βαπτίζειν οὔτε ἀγάπην ποιεῖν.

... •

TERTULLIAN, de Bapt. c. 17. Dandi quidem (Baptismum) habet jus summus sacerdos, qui est Episcopus; dehinc Presbyteri et Diaconi, non tamen sine Episcopi auctoritate. S. OPTATUS, II. 2, and 28, IV. 3, VI. 2.

See below, Pt. i. ch. ix. and x. Pt. ii. ch. iv. and ch. ix.

CHAPTER II.

Acts viii. 36.
Matt. xxviii.

19.

Eph. iv. 30.

2 Tim. i. 6.

1 Thess. v.

19.

ON THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE CHURCH AS VISIBLE
AND MILITANT, AND AS INVISIBLE AND TRIUM-
PHANT.

Q. 1. How did you become a Member of this One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church?

A. By Baptism' with water, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.

1 HOOKER, III. 1. 6. Entered we are not into the visible church before our admittance by the door of Baptism.

Bp. PEARSON in Acta Apostolorum, p. 33. (in Act. ii. 41.) Hi per Baptismum recipiebantur in Ecclesiam Christi, neque alio modo unquam recipi potuerunt aut Christiani fieri; quicquid in contrarium nuper deliravit Socinus.

Q. 2. Are all, who have been duly baptized, to be considered as continuing thenceforward in a state of Grace, and in the way to Salvation?

A. No. They were placed at Baptism in a state of Grace, and in the way to Salvation; but BapLuke vii. 30. tism did not destroy their free will. A man may quench the Spirit, and reject the good counsel of God towards himself (εἰς ἑαυτόν).

1 S. AUGUSTIN, Tract. v. In Epist. Joannis, 6. Ecce

accessit Sacramentum nativitatis homo baptizatus; Sacra- CHAP. mentum habet, et magnum Sacramentum, divinum, sanctum, II. ineffabile. Considera quale: ut novum hominem faciat dimissione omnium peccatorum. Attendat tamen in cor, si perfectum est ibi, quod factum est in corpore: videat si habet charitatem, et tunc dicat, Natus sum ex Deo. See also contra Faustum, xix. xii.

HOOKER, V. LVII. 4. Sacraments are not physical, but moral instruments of salvation; duties of service and worship which, unless we perform as the Author of grace requireth, they are unprofitable. Ibid. LIX. 2, LX. 2.

WATERLAND, Regeneration Stated and Explained, Works, vi. 361.

Q. 3. You have before said, (p. 4,) that the Church is Holy; may there, then, be evil men in the Church?

A. Yes. "All are

Israel."

not Israel who are of Rom. ix. 6.

Q. 4. Will this state of things continue to the end of the world?

A. Yes.

"On earth the evil will ever be min

gled with the good."

' XXXIX ARTICLES, Art. xxvi. HOOKER, III. 1. 8.

Q. 5. How do you show this?

A. From the figures and parables by which the Church is described in Holy Scripture.

Q. 6. Mention some of these.

and ii. 28.

1 Pet. iii. 20.

Judges i. 21.

A. The Church is the Ark,1 in which were clean Gen. vi. 19. and unclean animals; the Holy City, in which Je- Jos. xv. 63. busites remained mixed with God's faithful people; the Apostolic Company, in which was Judas, as well as Peter, James, and John.

1 S. HIERON, adv. Lucifer, p. 428, ed. 1643. Ut in Arcâ Noë pardus et hædi, lupus et agni, sic in Ecclesiâ peccatores et justi. . . . Dies me deficiet si omnia Arcæ Sacramenta cum Ecclesiâ componens edisseram.

S. AUGUSTIN, Epist. cvIII. ii. p. 471. Agnoscamus Arcam quæ præfiguravit Ecclesiam; simul illic munda animalia simus; nec in eâ nobiscum etiam immunda portari usque in

21: