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No. 7 OF VOL. IV.]

BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, APRIL 17, 1813.

[WHOLE NO. 85.

Hæc olim meminisse juvabit.—VIRGIL.

Printed and published by H. NILES, South-st. next door to the Merchants' Coffee House, at $5 per annum.

Effects of the Orders in Council. orders in council have not relieved us, as was predicted and expected; and that vast orders for An Abstract of the evidence lately taken in the house goods to America are now in hand, with instrucof commons against the Orders in Council, being ations to execute them as soon as the orders in counsummary of the facts there proved, respecting the cil are removed. These are the points principally present state of the commerce and manufactures of intended to be established by the first and chief the country. branch of the evidence. But it necessarily involves The following pages contain a plain and faithful, also many of the proofs that belong to the mercanthough a very concise abridgement of the important tile part of the question, such as the state of Amebody of evidence now before the house of commons, against the orders in council. The original consists The next general head is that of commerce. In so of 430 folio pages, and contains the examination of far as this is not handled under the first division, it eighty-two witnesses. A number of questions were is here detailed by evidence of the state of Liverpool unavoidably put to these witnesses, which had no and London, and of the merchants carrying on the tendency to illustrate the subject and could, at the American and continental trade. The attempts best, only lead them into matter of argument or to find substitutes for the American market in opinion. It is the object of this abridgment to ex- South and North America and elsewhere, are fully hibit the matters of fuct detailed in this long and explained in the first division.

painful enquiry.

rican manufactures.

The evidence touching the American manufacWith respect to the arrangement, all the pains tures, in so far as it does not come under the first have not been taken, which a greater command of head, is reserved for a separate division, which time might have afforded the means of bestowing closes this abstract. It clearly appears that those and in order to render it complete, much repitition manufactures have been grea ly promoted by the inwould have been unavoidable, as the various heads terruption of intercourse with this country, and of the enquiry were in many particulars necessarily that unless that intercourse be speedily restored, connected together. But a few words may suffice the United States will be able to manufacture for to shew the reader the plan here pursued. their own consumption.

:

The enquiry commenced with a very extensive There will be an abstract of the evidence on the proof of the present unexampled distresses in the various manufacturing districts. The state of the other side of the question prepared and circulated, manufactures accordingly forms the first branch of if possible. It consists wholly of opinions and arthe evidence; this is detailed in succession, not in guments, in many particulars, not very consistent, the very order in which the witnesses were called, given to the committee by the several witnesses; apor the different kinds of manafactures were taken, prehensions of bad affects from allowing the enemy but in a somewhat more convenient form. The ma-to export freely his manufactures, and import the mufactures of Birmingham and the neighboring di- raw materials of them particularly fears of French stricts come first, then those of Sheffield, which and German wares underselling those of G. Britain, completes the evidence relating to the great staple and various other ideas founded chiefly upon a suppoof hardware; next follow the potteries of Stafford-stion that the orders in council do actually blockade shire, and then the woolen and cotton trades in the whole continent, which they in no sense pretend Yorkshire and Lancashire, comprehending Leeds, to do-and that British industry, skill and capital Rawden, Wakefield, Halifax, Dewsbury, Saddle-stand in need of such a blockade and monopoly to worth, Rochdale, Bury, Manchester, Stockport, resist foreign competition. The few facts which and Bolton. The carpet trade of Kidderminster, the this evidence contains relate to the alledged instocking trade of Leicester and Hinckley, and the crease of trade in British America, the Mediterraneworsted trade of Warwick come next, then the an, and South America, an increase which no one glass trade, the salt trade of Cheshire, the linen of the witnesses pretended was in any respect equal trade of Scotland, the cloth manufactures of the to the trade of the United States, and which it was west of England, and lastly, the Spital Fields also admitted, did not compensate for the diminu tion of the foreign European market.

trade.

Under each head, the witnesses are arranged in An example of this may suffice: all the gentlethe order of their importance to the proof derived men examined in favor of the orders in council, from their depositions; and each statement, given rested their chief defence on their preventing as much as possible in the very words of the wit-France, and the countries subject to her, from either ness, is authenticated by a reference to the minutes importing cotton, &c. for their manufactures, or printed by the house of commons. exporting goods to rival our own. Yet these genThe points proved by this branch of the evidence tlemen all admitted, when farther pressed in exauniare chiefly the distressed state of the the manufac-nation, that the orders in council do not prohibit eiturers, both masters and workmen; the conexion ther importation qr exportation through the ports in of this with the loss of the American market; the the north of Europe, and south of Italy; and that the depression of the home market from that circum-best vent for most of those articles is through the stance, and the want of other vents to supply those ports left free by the orders--such as Altona and the deficiencies. It is also shewn, that whatever the Baltic. They also allowed that France herself imenemy's measures may have done to cramp our ma-posed a duty of three or four shillings a pound on nufactures, by closing the continent to them, the cotton, instead of appearing to feel the effects of FT

Voz. IV.

prohibiting its importation. Sec evidence of Messrs. market with very indifferent success, and has con Finlay, Wilson, Gladstane, and others.

cluded never to make another shipment to that country, as he believes those shipments have not (1) BIRMINGHAM AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD. yielded 25 per cent. Manufactures in America have Mr. Thomas Atwood, the high bailiff of Birming-made an alarming progress within two years, but ham, stated the population of Birmingham and the thinks that if the intercourse was speedily thrown neighboring manufacturing districts to be 400,000 open, they would be effectually checked. Would souls, all employed in the iron trade, in hardwares, ship his goods to America the moment the orders and similar descriptions of manufactures. (Com. in council were rescinded, having positive and speevid. p. 1. Every branch of the iron trade in a de- cific instructions from his correspondents to that ef plorable state, master manufacturers turning off fect. Knows houses in Birmingham who have goods their workmen; labourers, that twelve months ago, ready to ship to America, which cost them € 70,000, could obtain in the iron works 20s. a week, cannot £ 50,000, £45,000, £20,000, and £25,000.now obtain more than 10s. or 12s. Manufacturers Workmen have emigrated from Birmingham to of iron working without any profit. Export trade of America. Has no doubt, that if the American trade Birmingham chiefly confined to the United States of was opened the distress in Birmingham would inAmerica; the stoppage of which has reduced the stantly cease.

manufacturers to a state of grievous affliction.- Mr. Joseph Shore, merchant of Birmingham, and Manufacturers of Birmingham have absorbed the exporter of hardwares to the continent of Europe, principal part of their capital in stock, and if the and formerly shipped to the amount of 50,000 to trade is not re-opened, will be compelled to dis- £80,000 per annum. This trade has decreased very charge probably one-third of their hands, and limit materially; it has diminished within the last three the remainder to one-half or two-thirds work; at or four years, and especially during the last year. present they have not above half employment. The Has shipped to South America, but will never exvalue of these manufactures consists almost entirely port any more to that part of the world. Some of of labor; attributes the cessation of intercourse with his neighbors, in addition to the total loss of their America principally to the orders in council. La-goods, have had charges to pay upon them. Workboring mechanics of Birmingham and the neighbor-men of Birmingham, and the neighborhood, in a hood, in a state of dreadful distress; believes the state of great distress although the manufacturers greater part arises from the stoppage of the trade have till now given them partial employment, in the to America. The exportation of Birmingham goods hope that the American trade would be opened. In to the continent of Europe very small. 1808, took an estimate in conjunction with other

Mr. William Whitehouse, nail ironmonger, of gentlemen, of the number of workmen employed in West Bromwich, near Birmingham, never knew the Birmingham and the neighborhood, for the Amerinail trade in so bad a state. Great depression be- can trade. Found the number to be 50,000 exclugan in August, 1810; and has since been continu-sive of those employed in the nail trade, which were ally increasing. Formerly employed from 1,200 to about 30,000, and two-thirds of these being employ1,500 persons, men, women and children, now ed for America, made the total number about sevenemploys from 500 to 700; began to turn off his ty thousand. Goods similar to some made at Birhands six months ago. If trade continues in its pre-mingham, are manufactured on the continent, cheapsent state, must discharge more bands. In the nail er than ours, but much worse in quality. Thinks district from 25,000 to 30,000 persons were employ- the manufacturers of Birmingham would not fear ed in the nail trade when it was in a flourishing state. the competition in any foreign market. About two-thirds or three-fourths of this number Mr. James Ryland, of Birmingham, manufacturer now employed, but at wages reduced to about 7 1-4 of plated coach harness and saddle furniture. Prinand 10 per cent. Required to work from five or six cipal part of his manufacture exported to the United in the morning till eleven or twelve at night to earn States. Previous to 1868 the export was very consithe average wages of 12s. per week. Nails are not derable and increasing, the returns prompt, and pay. an article of export to the continent of Europe. On a ment sure. Workmen who formerly earned 30 to restoration of the intercourse with the United States, 40s. per week, now get about 20s. and those who he would take back the hands which he has dis-used to get 20s. now earn about 11 or 12s. Shelves charged, aad could keep them in full employ. Is loaded with stock, and the greater part of his capi sure that if the export trade to America was again tal absorbed in it. Two-thirds of the workmen emopened, the whole of the manufacturers in West ployed in this business must be discharged if no faBromwich, in the nail trade, would find employ-vorable change takes place. Since the falling off of the American market has opened a house in Lon

ment.

Mr. Thomas Potts, merchant, of Birmingham.-don, but has found so many persons flocking to the From 20,000 to 25,000 men in Birmingham, who same market that he has been able to carry it on have now only half work. General state of the town with very little success. Previous to the orders in extremely depressed, and the distress universal. Ma- council, the trade was in a very flourishing state: nufacturers have been keeping their men employed they were full of orders, and their men full of work. in creating stock nearly equal to the extent of their Has received no relief from the South American capital, and many of them are in consequence in market; and knows no market equal to that of the extreme difficulties. If no favorable change takes United States, for the sale of this manufacture. place, the manufacturers will be obliged within two Mr. Kichard Spooner, banker of Birmingham, and months, to dismiss two-thirds of their hands, and connected with the nail trade. The trade of Birsome of them the whole. Large quantities of Birmingham in a most deplorable state; and never remingham goods have been lying in Liverpool, wait-collects a period of similar distress. Merchants and ing for shipment for twelve to fifteer months past. manufacturers reduced to great difficulties. Knows The American market a steady and h.creasing one, it to be their intention to discharge their workmen and the payments which have been regularly im-in the event of things not taking a favorable turn. proving, now very good. Since the prohibition in Emigration of workmen from Birmingham to Ame. America, goods have been sent to Canada, but they rica increased very rapidly of late. Loss of foreign have sold there for less than their cost in the manu-trade has created a competition which has destroyfacturing towns. Has tried the South American ed the profit of the home trade manufactures of Bir

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mingham sent to America, were chiefly for the con-jits former profitable situation, if the American sumption of that country, and not for re-exportation. trade was again opened.

Mr. William Blakeway, lamp manufacturer of Bir- Mr. Joseph Webster, wire manufacturer, of Bir mingham. Goods principally sent to America. Trade mingham. Half his manufacture for the American so much diminished that he would have stopped his market, and half for the home trade. The demand trade altogether, had it not been for regard for his very much diminished, so that although his manu workmen, by whom he has been gaining money for facture is reduced, his stock is much increased.— twenty years. Stock so much accumulated that Has orders from America which would exhaust all nearly the whole of his capital is absorbed by it. his great stock on hand, if the orders in council Unless the American market is opened cannot keep were repealed. If no favorable change takes place, on his hands at all. Has hitherto borne the suffer he shall feel himself compelled to discharge a great ings of his workmen himself, but will be compelled number of his men.

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to discharge them, however reluctant to do so. Has Mr. Benjamin Cook, jeweller and gilt-toy-maker, sought but not found relief in any other market. Birmingham. The greatest part of the goods he Recollects the scarcity in 1800 and 1301, but the dis- has manufactured since the fall of 1810, has been tress was not at all equal to the present, because for stock: used to employ between 40 and 50 hands there was plenty of work. before the stoppage of the American trade: has now only two apprentices, and one woman and a man Mr. Thomas Messenger, brass-founder, of Bir occasionally. Suppose more than 7,000 hands used mingham. About half of his manufacture for the to be employed in these branches of business.→ American market. Has considerably reduced the Other masters in the trade, generally speaking, in number of his bands. Workmen require considera- the same state as himself. The gilt-toy trade the ble time to learn this business; masters will not worst of all to lay by a stock in; the change of take apprentices under the present state of things; fashion such, that if goods are kept a year or two, so that if the trade revived he is convinced orders some of the articles, which are worth 20s. would not could not be executed for want of workmen, Trade be worth 20d. Americans have been forced to beto America in this line a very increasing one. In gin manufacturing these articles for themselves.-good times 4,000 to 5,000 persons engaged in the Near 17,000 houses in Birmingham, 11,000 of which brass-foundery trade. Other manufacturers suffer- do not pay poor rates or taxes. The raw materials ing full as much as himself. Home market is un- form a very small proportion of the value of gilt important among the numbers which contend for it, toy goods. and will not defray the expences of the trade; it Mr. Thomas Illidge, japanner, Wolverhampton. was much greater before the American trade was Manufactures partly for the American and partly lost. for the country trade. Trade fallen off considerably Mr. Jeremiah Ridout, merchant, of Birmingham. since 1810. Has been working the last six months Has goods to the value of £20,000 prepared for the principally for stock. In one branch of the business American market, which he would immediately ship has since Christmas restricted the work given to if the orders in council were removed, being so ad-his men about two thirds. Believes the other masvised by his partner in America. The workmen veters in the same trade at Wolverhampton, are workry much distressed. "I have seen people shed tears; for stock: the state of trade very bad. I have confined myself behind the door for fear ofed the market of Canada, but lost considerably.seeing those people, lest they should importune me Made a shipment to South America; the goods and to give them orders; they have told me they did expences about £250, returns made in cotton which not know what to do. One man said, what can only produced 281. The goods were selected by a do; if I go to the magistrate, he will tell me to go Portuguese, as suitable to the market, and sent for a soldier; I am a married man, and God knows through the medium of a very respectable house in what I must do, unless I steal, and then I shall go Bristol. Country trade never so bad with the witto Botany Bay. I do not like to hear such words, I ness. A greater number of manufacturers in the cannot bear it," japanned line at Bilston, about 3 miles from WolMr. George Room, japanner,of Birmingham,has ma-verhampton, who are in a still more distressed state. nufactured principally for America, which is the best If there be not an alteration in the state of the trade, market he ever knew,after trying every one. Workmenin general have not morethan half work, Has tried the home-trade, but the competition is so great, and the prices so much reduced that it is not worth 1809, rather better, but still very limitted. In going after. Has found very little relief from the 1810, very large shipments for one season.--The frade to Sicily and Portugal, which is the only fo- goods for 1811, now lying in Liverpool. Has orders reigu European trade they have had, and which does from America to ship as soon as the orders in counnot bear any thing like a comparison to the Ameri-cil are removed, as soon as the trade is opened.can trade, From 600 to 1,000 hands employed in Has had frequent advices from their agent resident this business in Birmingham alone, and there are in America,that manufactures are very fast increasgreat manufactories in Bilston and Wolverhampton. ing there, and has reason to know it from particular Mr. Robert Fiddian, manufacturer of brass candle- circumstances. One particular article now in great sticks, &c. at Birmingham, chiefly for home con-demand is card wire, for the manufacture of cot sumption. Trade much diminished within the last ton and wool cards, which is wanted for their matwelve months, and earnings of workmen reduced chinery. Has had the article of nails countermand. one-fourth. Had a conversation with some of his ed on the ground that they can be manufactured men on the subject of dismission: they intreated cheaper in America that they can be imported. Has him not to dismiss them, saying, "you know we can had many painful opportunities of witnessing the not get employment elsewhere," and begged that I distress which prevails among the lower orders of would apportion the work among them, and let each the people in Birmingham,believes it to be extreme. bear a share of the burden. Stock very much in-Has a warehouse in Wolverhampton; the lower orcreasing, and will be obliged to dismiss a number ders in quite as great distress there; their goods of his men, unless an alteration takes place speedi- may be bought at any price; there are many small ly. Ha no doubt that his trade would be put into manufacturers there, who are selling some of their

must dismiss a great part of his hands.

Mr. Joshua Scholfield, American merchant, Bir mingham. Trade first began to fall off in 1808.-

stock at, he believes, a lower rate than it cost them,, every penny he is worth, notwithstanding he has
Attributes the distresses of the trade and manufac- a family.
tures principally to the orders in council, believing

Mr. Thomas Osler, glass-toy and button-maker, them to be the cause of the non-intercourse with Birmingham-Trade began to fall off in the beginAmerica. Has the most painful forebodings that ning of 1808. Manufactured chiefly for the Ame the continuance of the restrictions upon the American market. Previous to that time, the goods were rican trade, will give great encouragement to the sent in a finished state to America. Since 1808 he had orders to a considerable amount, for articles in increase of manufactures in America.

Mr. Henry Dunbar, button-maker, Birmingham. an unfinished state. Throughout 1808 and the greatManufactures chiefly for the American market.-est part of 1809 there was such a defalcation in the Trade first began to fall off in 1808. Used to em- whole trade as induced him to turn his hands into ploy about 70 hands: has discharged some, and another line of business. Went into the chandelier others have left him. Allows only from three to furniture line, for the home trade. Found relief in four days work a week to those he now has: they that business at first, but it has since fallen off very used to work six days a week, sometimes fourteen greatly. Has not had any orders for the American hours a day: they now only work about eight. Those market since 1810. Has continued to employ his hands who used to get from 40 to 50s. per week, hands, from 80 to 100. Has been working chiefly now earn only from 10s. to 15s. The goods he has for stock. Unless some favorable change of circum been making are now in his warehouse. If things stances takes place, cammot continue to go on much should not take a favorable turn, must discharge all longer, his capital being almost entirely absorbed. his workmen, and sell his goods by auction. Has Is assured that the situation of others in the same Has kept on sline of business, is similar to his own. Will be not capital to go on any further. many of his hands partly out of charity, and partly obliged to turn off his hands if the present state of because he expected the trade would get better.-things continue. Before the orders in council were Has been obliged to keep some valuable hands at a issued, had a good trade, since then has had none, great expence, because of the difficulty of getting comparatively speaking. Believes the loss of his such hands if the trade opened again. A great trade has arisen from the orders in council. Has not number of hands employed in this trade in Birming- received the American orders in the same way he ham. Has attempted to get relief from the home used to do, previous to the orders being issued. The market; but there are so many competitors in it business of the chandelier furniture-making, in which that it is very bad. The distresses of his workmen he engaged, for the home trade, has been so dividare now very great indeed. On Saturday night he ed, that he has not a tenth part of what he used to is obliged to get his foreman to pay; it is so hurtful have. Thinks there are as many articles made; but to his feelings to see people with such calamitous there being so many persons in it, in consequence of stories. Believes all the other houses in the same the state of the glass-toy trade, the pressure is as line of business, connected with the American trade, great upon those who are engaged in it, as if there are much in the same situation as himself, and con- were not a tenth part made. Mr. Thos. Clarke, manufacturer of webbing, braces ceives that most of them are more or less so connected. Supposes that more than half of the whole trade and toys, Birmingham-Has employed as many as is for the American market. If the trade to Ame- 150 hands; now employs between 70 and 80; disrica were opened, could dispose of all the stock charged the others in consequence of not being per mitted to execute the orders on his books for the A very large proportion of he has laid up since Feb. 1811. William Bannister, plater, Birmingham.-Seven-American merchants. eighths of his manufacture for the American mar- his trade for the American market. Upwards of a ket. Has been in that line of business 24 years; thousand hands employed in the same line in Birused to employ 120 hands. Trade fell off in 1808. mingham. Has no doubt that others in the same Has had nothing to do for America since February trade, are similarly situated as himself. The prices and March, 1811. Has discharged one-third of his of almost every article in the country trade, have hands, and does not give those who remain more been lowering in consequence of competition, which than one-half work. Those who used to earn 45s. has increased. Notwithstanding the dimunition of per week do not now get above 20s. or 21s. which is hands, has accumulated stock very considerably. Mr. Benjamin Smith, manufacturer of heavy steel very low wages indeed for that kind of work, which requires very much practice and learning. By keep-toys, Birmingham.-More than one-third of his ma. ing on his hands, has accumulated stock to the nufacture for foreign markets, chiefly for American. amount of £5,000. When trade is open, has no stock Has a great stock on hand. Has kept on his hands, at all. Knows a great many others in the same trade hoping that something would increase the trade by who are similarly circumstanced: does not know and by. The home trade very much on the decline. Not a consumption in Within these six months, has had one person twice, one that is full of work.

the country trade. Supposes near 2000 hands are and another once in London, to endeavor to get or. employed in Birmingham in this line. If things de ders, who have scarcely paid their expences. Has not take a favorable turn intends to discharge all got some orders, but there has been no profits at his hands excepting the apprentices: cannot employ tached to them, when the expense was paid. Those them for want of capital. Has orders now in the he had spoke to on the subject, in the same trade, warehouse, which, if the American trade was open-seemed to be in the same situation. Since the de falcation of the American trade, the home trade has ed, would take off almost all his stock.

Joseph Stanley, screw-maker, Wolverhampton.- become unprofitable. Mr. Thomas Milward, spoon-maker, Birmingham. Half of his manufactures, for the American market. The country trade fallen off. A great num- Trade began to fall off in 1808. Was last year very Has got plenty of orders in the ber of workmen, in this branch of business dismiss- bad, and is stil! so.

ed. Since Feb. 1811, has not had three months em-warehouse, which he is directed by the merchants to ploy for the generality of his hands, although he has send in immediately when the orders in council are reduced their work about one-fifth. Has done eve-repealed. A few hands in this business get up a good ry thing he could to support some servants he has deal of work. Believes other spoon manufacturers had for twenty years, who knew not where to get are in the same situation as himself. In 1810, the employment elsewhere; for this purpose has risked trade very good. Has a greater stock of goods on

hant than ever he had. All the variations of his business were dependent upon whether there was or not at the time an open intercourse with America. Sells very little except to the American merchants. Had conditional orders to send in, the moment the orders in council were repealed; could not get goods en uch in that case.

SHEFFIELD.

Mr. John Bailey, merchant of Sheffield-The manufactures of Sheffield for the supply of the market of the United States, employ 6000 persons, besides others dependent on that trade. The export to America is about one-third of the whole manufactures

and the learned discussions it produced. But the principle established by the decision has no resemblance to the practice of impressment; nor has a process in a court of law, before an honest and impartial jury, the shadow of analogy to the seizure of our seamen on the high sess by British officers, personally interested in the acts commits" ted. This remark is simply made to shew cause why the case is now revived-for as an important article of record, it, of itself, demands insertion in the REGISTER.

IMPORTANT TRIAL.

In the Circuit Court of the United States, for the District of Connecticut, held at Hartford in Sept. 1799.

of Sheffield. About one-tenth of the usual spring shipment was made in 1811, and none since. Stock of goods has been increasing in Sheffield to a considerable extent; but there are orders for shipment to America, immediately on the rescinding of the Isaac Williams was tried on an indictment for orders in council. Information from a large manuhaving on the 27th February, 1797, at Gaudaloupe, facturer, that he now pays one-sixth part of the wa- and instructions to commit acts of hostility and vio accepted from the French Republic, a commission. ges which he did when the American trade was open lence against the king of Great Britain and his suband that one-half of what he has manufactured for the last fifteeen months, is now dead stock.jects; contrary to the 21st article of the treaty be Another of the principal manufacturers informed williams being then a citizen of the United States; tween the United States and Great Britain; the said him, that he now employs only half of his usual the French Republic being then at war with the king number of men, whom he employs only four days in a week; that he retains them from a principle of of Great Britain; and said king being then in amity humanity, as they have grown old in his service, and with the United States.

that he still holds in stock all his goods made in the On the trial it was admitted on the part of Willi Last eighteen months. Believes this to be a fair spe-ams that he had committed the facts alleged against cimen of the general state of manufactures in Shef-him in the indictment; but in his defence he offered field. His orders for shipment, on the removal of to prove, that in the year 1792, he received from the the orders in council, amount to the whole twelve consul general of the French Republic, a warrant months' shipments. The amount of Sheffield goods appointing him third lieutenant on board the Jupiready for shipment to America £400,000, and orders ter, a French 74 gun ship; that pursuant to his ap on hand to the same amount. Poor rates of Sheffield, pointment he went on board the Jupiter, took the year ending 1807, £11,000, now £18,000. Workmen's command to which he was appointed, which vessel wages not reduced, but they are now only employ-soon after sailed for France and arrived at Rochefort, ed about three days in the week. Every man fully in France, in the autumn of the same year-That at employed before the loss of the American trade. Rochefort he was naturalized in the various Bureaux Lower classes never so much distressed as at present. in that place, the same autumn, renouncing his alleSome articles which were formerly exported from giance to all other countries, particularly to AmeriSheffield, are now manufactured in America. ca; and taking an oath of allegiance to the republic

Mr. George Naylor, merchant and maker of knives of France; all according to the laws of the said reand forks, in Sheffield-His mercantile business al-publ.c; that immediately after said naturalization most wholly to the United States, and about five- he was duly commissioned by the republic of France, sixths of his manufacture. During the free trade, appointing him a 2nd lieutenant on board a French employed about 250 hands, now employs about 98, frigate called the Charante; and that before the raof whom 57 are half employed, 29 one-third, 8 one-tification of the treaty of amity and commerce besixth, and four one-eighth. The change took place tween the United States and Great Britain, he was about the middle of 1811. Stock has been accumu- duly commissioned by the French republic a second lating since the end of 1810. Has orders to ship lieut. on board a 74 gun ship in the service of the said goods to America on the repeal of the orders in coun- French republic; and that he has ever continued cil, and read four letters from his correspondents in under the government of the French republic down America to that effect. If this inquiry should end to the present time, and most of the said time actuunfavorably, would dismiss every workman. Stock ally resident in the dominions of the French repubof goods equal to the sales of one year, and the other lic; that during the said period he was not resident persons in the same business cannot continue their in the United States more than six months, which workmen much longer. was in the year 1796, when he came to this country

Mr. Ebenezer Rhodes, manufacturer of cutlery for the purpose merely of visiting his relations and and dealer in manufactures at Sheffield. Trade fell friends; that for about three years past he has been off in 1811. In one branch of business, he has dis-domeileated in the island of Guadaloupe, within charged one-fourth of his hands, and in another a the dominions of the French republic, and has made half. Increase of stock in one branch two-thirds; that place his fixed habitation, without any design in another business about one fourth. Great distress of again returning to the United States for permiaprevailing in Sheffield for want of employment. nent residence.

(To be continued.)

The attorney for the district conceded the above statement to be true; but objected that it ought not to be admitted as evidence to the jury; because it could have no operation in law to justify the prisonThe following report of the trial of Isaac Williamser for committing the facts alleged against him in is revived in the public prints, as analogous to the the indictment.

Expatriation.

dispute between the United States and Great Bri- This question was ably argued on both sides, by We will remember the great sensibility the the counsel for the United States and for the pri decision of Judge Elsworth excited at the time soner.

tain.

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