The Rev. Richard Walter, M.A, Chaplain of Portsmouth Dockyard (1745-85), and Chaplain of H.M.S. Centurion in Anson's voyage round the world, died at Great Staughton, Hunts, on 10 March, 1785, where a brass plate records the facts of his being the author of 'The Voyage round the World, of his interment in that church, as also that of Jane his wife, who died 14 December, 1813, aged ninety. Many articles on the authorship of Anson's voyage have appeared in 'N. & Q' (see 5th S. iii., iv.; 7th S. vi, vii., viii.; 8th S. ii., iii.; also the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lxxxiv.). By a notice in the Athenæum of 7 November, 1896, the Rev. Richard Walter's name will appear in the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

BOUNDARY STONES IN OPEN FIELDS (9th S. iv. 476). I suspect (but I speak with some diffidence) that MR. ADDY is mistaken in supposing that these stones were placed as bounds between the different holdings. A great part-probably the greater part-of the land in this neighbourhood is in open fields such as MR. ADDY describes (see 9th S. i. 204, under 'Selion'); but, so far as I can ascertain, the strips have never been divided by mere-stones. The "oldest inhabitant" has no recollection of this having been done, nor have I met with any record of it. The fields are, however, intersected by roads known as 66 meres" (boundaries), and some of these have nere-stones (though this word is no longer in general use) on one or both sides. The purpose of the stones, as their name denotes, was apparently to prevent encroachments on the mere, by marking the bounds beyond which the owners of the strips were not to plough or sow. There are not many of the stones left, and in most cases where they are still found they are some two feet from the actual edge of the road they were meant to protect; but that

the protection of the road was originally their purpose is clear from the fact that when in 1856 some Crown land in the neighbourhood was distributed into small holdings, the road that was made across it was marked out in this way. Some of the boundary stones then put down are still in situ, and there are a few others, both in this and contiguous_parishes, still left from an older time. From most of our meres, however, they have altogether disappeared, and the meres are either not protected at all, or are protected by "balks," unploughed ridges or small banks, frequently used as footpaths. hinder the plough, but I fancy few farmers MR. ADDY says that the stones would not will agree with him here. When the strips ran up to the mere-not lengthwise with it-it would be very difficult to avoid ploughing headlands to these open-field holdings, and beyond the stones. There are, of course, no the inevitable tendency is to encroach on the road. The stones at the point where the plough has to be turned must be more or double reason for their removal-the team less in the way, and there would thus be a would be in danger of stumbling over them, and they would be standing evidence of the spoken only of what I know of this district, farmer's encroachment. Of course I have and these remarks may not apply to the Royston case; but the conditions appear to be the same in both cases. C. C. B. Epworth.

THE ANTIQUITIES OF EAST LONDON (9th S. iv. 145, 215, 315, 386, 485).—In connexion with my reply under the above heading, appearing at the last reference but one, the following extract from the Daily News, showing that the ancient Court Leet of the Manor of Stebonheath is held to this very day, may prove interesting. I might mention that the is situated within a comparatively short disRising Sun," Green Street, Bethnal Green, manor-house :tance of the site of Bishop's Hall, the original

One of those curious survivals of ancient times, a Court Leet or Court of Homage, or General Court Baron, as it is now called, will be held at the Rising Sun,' a public-house in Green Street, Bethnal Green, to-day (Tuesday), about noon. It is the Court of the Lord of the Manor of Stebunheth, otherwise Stepney freehold and copyhold tenants of the Manor are Manor, who is Sir Edward Colebrooke, and all the bound to attend it to do their suit and service. The Court always meets in 'Low Week'-that is, the second Tuesday after Easter and the first Tuesday in December, and it is presided over by the Steward brother of Sir William Hart-Dyke. The proceedings of the Manor, Mr. Reginald Stewart Hart-Dyke, are private and quaint and genially conducted. A Homage Jury is empanelled, and presentments are

made of the deaths of copyhold tenants, surrenders, admittances, and the like. And the foreman of the jury advises on the document a true bill. Proclamation is also made for the heirs, if any, of deceased tenants, and if the rightful parties do not come forward to take the admission, after the third proclamation-each proclamation being six months apart-the Lord of the Manor can seize it at the end of two years from the date of death, and do what he pleases with it. After the business is over the Officers of the Manor and the Homage Jury sit down to dinner, which is followed by toasts of the Queen, the Lord of the Manor, the Stewards and Surveyor, and the Homage."-Daily News, Tuesday, 5 Dec.

G. YARROW BALDOCK.

"UP, GUARDS, AND AT THEM!" (9th S. iv. 497.)-The biographers of Wellington, who helped me to make the contradiction to which MR. CECIL CLARKE refers, have been as numerous as his victories. But they need not be mentioned, as all are overtopped this month by Sir Herbert Maxwell's The Life of Wellington' (Sampson Low & Co.). In vol. ii. p. 82 Sir Herbert says:

66

They reached the crest as a single column, containing the First and Second Battalions of the 3rd Chasseurs. There was nothing in their front, apparently, and they had neared the cross-road when Wellington's voice was heard clear above the storm, Stand up, Guards!' Then from shelter of wayside bank rose the line of Maitland's brigade." Then in a foot-note:

"This is the origin of the theatrical 'Up, Guards, and at 'em!' The Guards were lying down, as it was the Duke's orders all troops should do under fire when not actually engaged (Croker, iii. 281).” It hardly requires a solemn explaining of the obvious to say that it must have been the commanding officers' voices that the men heard, not Wellington's, when bidden next to attack. C. E. CLARK.

"SNIPERS" (8th S. xii. 128, 150, 237, 438; 9th S. iii. 138). At the third of these references Mr. Kipling is given as one user of this term; but the passage from his works of most interest just now, when the word is being applied to the Anglo-Boer war, is that in 'The Drums of the Fore and Aft,' in which it is declared that the Afghan sharpshooters "would not for anything have taken equal liberties with a seasoned corps......with the terrible, big men dressed in women's clothes, who could be heard praying to God in the night-watches, and whose peace of mind no amount of sniping' could shake." ALFRED F. ROBBINS.

work of Inigo Jones, Mr. T. C. Noble having thirty years ago, in his 'Memorials of Temple Bar, published in 1870, made a similar suggestion. The house was, as is well known, in the occupation from about 1802 to 1812 of Mrs. Salmon's waxwork exhibition. According to Mr. T. C. Noble, Mrs. Salmon's exhibition was first established in the reign of Queen Anne at the sign of the "Golden Salmon in St. Martin's - le - Grand near Aldersgate, there being a reference to it in the Spectator. On Mrs. Salmon's death the show passed into the hands of a Mrs. Clark, and was removed to No. 189 on the north side of Fleet Street, of which house there is an illustration in Old and New London' (vol. i. p. 48), from a drawing by J. T. Smith dated 1793, where it is erroneously described as the palace of Henry VIII. and Cardinal Wolsey. About the year 1802 the house No. 189 was pulled down, and the waxwork exhibition was removed to No. 17, Fleet Street, on the opposite side of the street, where it remained until Mrs. Clark's death in 1812, when the collection of wax models was removed to No. 67, Fleet Street, at the corner of Water Lane. It appears that when Mrs. Clark was in the occupation of No. 17, Fleet Street the house was described as having been "formerly the Palace of Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James I.," which was near the truth; but a subsequent tenant, with a view to increase its importance, renamed it " formerly the palace of Henry VIII. and Cardinal Wolsey," which had the effect of disguising its real interest and rendering it ridiculous in the Mrs. Salmon's waxeyes of antiquaries. works must have continued to be exhibited some time after Mrs. Clark's death, as in my youth I remember hearing a song the burden of which ran :

Says I, "Mrs. Salmon,

Come none of your gammon,

Your figures are no more alive than yourself." I think it may be shown that it is not merely a conjecture that the house No. 17, Fleet Street, with the gateway on the west side, were designed by Inigo Jones, but that

each circumstance

improvements undertaken was the erection of the gateway to the Inner Temple from Fleet Street. Mr. Pitt Lewis says that up to the date of the grant of the charter "the Temple had no buildings of any importance except

rate to have been the work of a period to be properly described as "just before" the execution of the sculptor. At the risk of being charged with superfluous repetition of lines well known, but necessary to justify my proposition, I reprint this imperfect bit of doggerel:

You that these beasts* do wel behold and see May deme with ease wherefore here made they be With borders wherin [ there may be found "It 4 Brothers names who list to serche the ground. So long ago as 1883 I incidentally mentioned in your columns (6th S. viii. 450), in discussing some obscure points connected with the Dudley brothers, on the authority of Mr. Dick, that the sculpture was the work of John Dudley, titular Earl of Warwick, eldest son of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who with his four brothers was confined in the Tower from September, 1553, to October, 1554, and was released only to die at Penshurst, Kent, not in the Tower, as Mr. Dick has erroneously concluded, after only a week's release from captivity (see Courthope's Historic Peerage,' sub tit. Northumberland, Warwick, Dudley').

There is no historic evidence, nor any local tradition extant, that John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, was ever confined in the Beauchamp or any other of the fourteen towers. It was not the custom to immure

prisoners of rank in "dungeon cells." The higher-class resident officials made more out of them by entertaining them as paying guests," enjoying the "liberty of the Tower"; and although the five brothers who were, no doubt, the occupants of the memorial chamber appear by their case to provide an exception to the rule, it is probable that they were so lodged some few months after the execution of their father, when the prison - fortress became overcrowded from the influx of prisoners captured during and after the pression of the Wyatt rebellion. If this assumption be correct, plenty of time was afforded to John junior to design and execute partially the work of art, although it is probable that more than a third of the versification he was constrained to leave un

sup

engraved, two lines, perhaps not even composed, for which space remains marked out. Thus I infer that the work was not commenced until some weeks after the remains of the John Dudley to whom it has been ascribed by Mr. Ainsworth were committed to the

grave beneath the flooring of the "prisoners' church on the green.

There is another melancholy memorial on the wall of this historic chamber, which seems to have misled Mr. Dick. The word "IANE is ascribed by him to the hand of that victim of family ambition, Lady Jane Dudley; but we know where that unfortunate princess was lodged during the whole of her imprisonment (see 'Diary of a Resident in the Tower,' Camden Society), and from this it does not appear that she ever occupied this grim apartment. It is more in accordance with probability that her husband Guildford spent his last night in this chamber, and beguiled his melancholy vigil with inscribing - for which purpose a very few hours would suffice this touching memorial of the dear object of his dying thoughts.

In conclusion, the floral ornamentation mentioned by MR. PICKFORD constitutes the essayed rebus.

A, acorn.-Initial of Ambrose, who died towards the end of the sixteenth century full of years and honours.

Scott's heroes, the magnificent Earl of LeicesR, rose.-Robert, who figures as one of ter of 'Kenilworth,' the favourite of the great Elizabeth, and conspicuous ornament of her

brilliant Court.

bably suffered on the adjacent Tower Hill G, geranium. - Guildford, who had probefore the first idea of the inscription had been conceived.

H, honeysuckle. Henry, who, after his liberation, was to die valiantly fighting as an English auxiliary in the Spanish service, at the siege of St. Quentin. The artist's initial apparently was not represented, although it has been hazarded as a surmise that a jonquil may be traced in the foliage; but, as will have been seen, after all the artist only seems to have prescribed to himself the melancholy task of perpetuating the initials of his four brothers, of whom he knew the fate of one, but could only, while engaged in the work which his liberation, followed by his shortly ensuing death, precluded him from completing, gloomily apprehend a sad destiny GNOMON. for the other three.

Temple.