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To find the "time spirit," the high object of the historian
-Contrast of English in the eighteenth century with
other European developments-Growth of constitutional
freedom in England-Political freedom-Religious
grievances; especially of Catholics-Foreign testimony
to English constitutional freedom-Locke and the
principle of intellectual freedom-Locke's method
developed in France, rejected by the English mind-
English public opinion Christian-Small influence of
the Apologists-John Wesley's revival of "religion of
the heart"-In political and spiritual orders England
stands apart from Europe-Catholic estimate of Revo-
lution of 1688.

ART. II. THE CHRISTIAN EMPERORS AND THE PAGAN TEMPLES.

Value of M. Paul Allard's great work-Did the first

Christians spare what was worthy in Pagan literature

and art?-Value of conflicting evidence as to Con-

stantine's treatment of Pagan temples-Apparently

severe laws of Constantius-Pagan license under Julian,

under Valentinian-Treatment of Paganism by Gratian

-Story of Princess Serena, illustrates feeling of Chris-

tians and Pagans under Theodosius-Two leading

principles of Christian legislation.

ART. III.-LITERATURE FOR THE YOUNG

Importance of everything affecting children, the future

"people"-The enemies of the Church know this-

Deliberate instruction only half of what the child

learns Importance of juvenile reading-Periodicals

for the young: their number-Only one Catholic

periodical-Character and tendency of the non-Catholic

magazines-Wrong views of life, and of Catholicism.

in some-Dangers attending the use of the better sort

and even of the non-religious-This non-Catholic

literature must be largely patronized by Catholic

families-Three qualities of excellence that must mark

any successful Catholic effort-Nature of the fiction

that will be influential with our young people.

ART. IV.-MINOR POETS OF MODERN FRANCE

Two general characteristics of modern French poets:

multitude and mediocrity-Their principle: want of

principle; the one result of their poetry: worship of

the picturesque-Events which led to the destruction

of schools of poetry and the prevailing mediocrity-

Auguste Barbier, the Poet of the Iambics-Alfred de

Musset different character of his earlier and his later

poems-Moral elevation of Alcide de Beauchesne's

writings-Victor de Laprade rescued from false philo-

sophies by his mother-Calemarde de la Fayette's over

literalness; his powers of description of rural ob-

jects-François Ponsard's great tragedy "Charlotte

Corday"-Provincial poetry: Breton and Provençal

poets-Hersart de la Villemarqué-Brizeux the "Burns

of Brittany;" his love of Nature, of his native

country, and of "Marie"-Suzel's works only known.

through translations-Jasmin, the Gascon troubadour :

opposition of his wife to poetry-making-His language,

his love for the suffering poor, his charity-Outline of

his touching piece "Crazy Martha"-His popularity—

Called by Cardinal Donnet the "St. Vincent de Paul of

Poesy."

ART. V. ARCHBISHOP LAN FRANC AND HIS MODERN CRITICS

Present generally received account of Lanfranc: to be greatly

modified-Social advantages of his birth-Charge of

ignorance of his prayers, of Scripture, of divine things—

Mistakes made in translating terminology of the old

accounts of his conversion-Lanfranc enters le Bec

incognito His intimacy with Duke William-Lanfranc's

action regarding William's marriage to Matilda, and

removal of the interdict-Mr. Freeman's mistaken

account-Impediment between William and Matilda.

shown to have been not affinity, but consanguinity:

in what grades probably-Matilda had not been married.

to Gerbod of Tournay and was not Gundrade's mother

-Lanfranc's signal services to art in Normandy and

England-False charge against him of despising and

hating the English: incident of St. Elphege-Lanfranc's

devotion to St. Elphege-Accusations against him of

servility to crown and disloyalty to tiara-Abundant

refutation of both in history of times; mendaciousness

of Red King's reproach to St. Anselm; Lanfranc's
difficulty as ex-officio viceroy, &c.-He died in cause
of Holy See: his character.

ART. VI.-THE RELIGION OF GEORGE ELIOT.

Was she the translator of Strauss' "Life of Jesus"?-

Peculiarity of the mythical school-Humanity instead

of God as the object of morality-Is her teaching a

delusion? On what does she ground the hope that she

clings to?-Motive of her earlier group of romances,

Reminiscence; of her later, Aspiration-In those she is

"sadder than tears, more gloomy than death": no joy, no

hope-The religion of the peasantry, a mere Paganism,

worship of nature-Her estimate of the Evangelical

revival: Dinah Morris-Dinah's marriage and Hetty

Sorrel's reprieve; artistic blemishes-Maggie Tulliver's

religious phases: her refuge the Christianity of the "Imi-

tation" but interpreted unchristianly-George Eliot's

despair of immortality, misconstrued asceticism-Her

teaching where she touches the heart is in defiance of

her creed; the reminiscence or effect of unsuspected

religion-Her disbelief her great misfortune: where is

the warrant of her mission to teach ?-Her history, if it

could be known, the best criticism of her views-Her

works lose their charm as her anti-Christian feelings

grow habitual.

ART. VII.-PROSPECTS IN BELGIUM

Papal letter to Cardinal Deschamps-Well-merited cen-

sure of a few irreconcilables-Present Government,

in spite of protest, guided by Masonic lodges-Perfect

organization of Secret Societies in Belgium-Object of

Liberal policy to destroy revealed religion-Proofs in

recent legislative action: Government refuse to be

present at Te Deum on King's feast-day-Final sanction

of the Premier's policy in diplomatic rupture with

Rome-Proposals to harass the clergy by reduction of

subsidies-M. Bara's ironical moderation in disin-

heriting seminaries, &c.-Discussion of suppression

of army chaplaincies: resignation of M. Guillery, and

its significance-M. Malou's statistics showing failure

of public school law-Irreligious and often ludicrous

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THE

DUBLIN REVIEW.

JULY, 1881.

ART. I. THE RELIGIOUS PRESS.

The Newspaper Press Directory. Thirty-sixth Annual
Issue. London: C. Mitchell & Co. 1881.

WRITER in the "Saturday Review," a few weeks ago,

A delivered himself concerning newspapers in general, in

terms which drew down upon his devoted head the fiercest wrath of the whole journalistic world. "Excessive newspaper reading," he said, "is a sure destroyer of mental health. Its effect is to corrupt the judgment, to weaken the sense of mental discrimination, to discourage intellectual initiative, and generally to deaden the mental powers by substituting a habit of mechanical for a habit of intelligent reading. A very little yielding to this disposition," he goes on, "will produce, even in cultivated men, a habit which may almost be said to be worse from an intellectual point of view than the habit of not reading at all." Some such reflection as this must necessarily strike every thoughtful man, as he turns over the pages of the volume the title of which we have placed at the head of this article. Two hundred and thirty-six closely printed pages of imperial 8vo, wholly devoted to particulars concerning the newspapers of the United Kingdom, afford a sufficiently striking evidence of the enormous interests involved in the newspaper press, and testify to the readiness of the people of this country to absorb a practically unlimited quantity of literature of this description. That this is an altogether healthy state of things, and a sign of the growing intelligence of the nation, is certainly open to question. The weary speakers who return thanks for the toast of "The Press," at the fag end of municipal and other banquets, of course rejoice. over it, and triumphantly point to the enterprise, and industry, and cultivated public feeling of which it is the sign. Yet there VOL. VI.—NO. I. [Third Series.]

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