ACHRA- bodies may be preserved in them for a long period, DINA. and large excavations are made in them for that ACIRS. purpose. ACHRAS, or SAPOTA PLUM, a genus of Plants, of the class Hexandria; order Monogynia. ACHROMATIC, (of á primitive, and xpwua, colour), a term first introduced into astronomy by De la Landeas. ACHROMATIC Telescopes, such as are contrived to remedy the aberrations in colours. See TELESCOPE, Div. ii. ACHTELING, a liquid measure used in Germany. Thirty-two achtelings make a heemer; four sciltims or ciltins, make an achteling. ACHYRANTHES, in Botany, a genus of plants of the class Pentandria, order Monogynia. ACIA, in Botany, a genus of plants of the class Dodecandria, order Monadelphia. ACIDAUS, a fountain in Orchomenus, a city of Boetia, in which the Graces, who are sacred to Venus, bathed. Hence the epithet Acidalia, given to Venus. (Virgil.) And fill'd the cruet with the acid tide, While pepper-water worms thy bait suppli'd?" ACIDS. See CHEMISTRY, Div. ii. ACIDULOUS, denotes a thing that is slightly acid: it is synonymous with the word sub-acid. ACIDULE. Mineral waters, brisk and sparkling when poured from one vessel into another, owing to a quantity of free carbonic acid. ACIDULATED, a name given to medicines that have an acid in their composition. ACIDUM Pingue, an imaginary acid, which some German chemists supposed to be contained in fire, and by combining with alkalies, lime, &c. to give them their caustic properties. ACILA, in Ancient Geography, a trading town on the Red sea, from which, according to Pliny, the Scenitæ Sabæi set sail for India. Now Zider. ACIRS, the name of the destructive hurricanes of snow which prevail among the Cevennes, in the south of France. Ravines are instantly filled up by them, so that travellers cannot escape; and villages are sometimes so rapidly covered, that the inhabitants have no means of communication but by cutting subter- ACIRS. raneous passages. ACIS, in Mythology, a Sicilian shepherd, the son of Faunus and the nymph Simaethis. Galatea falling passionately in love with him, his rival, the giant Polyphemus was so enraged, that he crushed Acis to death with the fragment of a rock; after which the gods are said to have turned him into a river, which rose near the foot of Etna, and is now called, Jaci, Il Fiume Fredda, Aci, and Chiaci, conformably to the Sicilian dialects. Several other places derive their namesfrom thisshepherd, as Aci Aquileia, Aci Castello, Aci Terra. ACKNOW', v. ACKNOWLEDGE, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, ACKNOWLEDGING. To acknowledge is from AS. Cnawan, to know, and Lecgan to lay. Thus was Sir Robert of Arthoys at the Queenes commaundement, but he durst not speake nor be acknowen thereof. Grafton, repr. 1809, vol. i. p. 319. The example of Darius first teacheth the office of a crystiane to repent to beleue and to aknowlege his synnes aftir the lawe and gospell. The Exposicion of Daniel, by George Joye, p. 94. Hang, beg, starue, die in the streets, For by my soule, Ile nere acknowledge thee, Shakespeare's Rom. & Jul. p. 70, act iii. sc. 5. For the text openly precheth, and prayseth the fayth of siche acknowlegers, for the promises require that we beleue that God both may and will helpe vs. The Exposicion of Daniel, by George Joye, p. 46. There is a mode in giving entertainments, and doing any courtesy else, which trebly binds the receiver to an acknowledgement, and makes remembrance of it more acceptable. Howell's Letters. Remember that altho great deliverances require your great acknowledgements, yet there is somewhat more required; namely, a real prac tical glorifying of God. Hall's Contemplations. ACKNOW That their hearts might be comforted being knit together in love, and unto all riches of the full assurance of understanding, to the acknowledgement of the mystery of God, and of the Father, and of Christ. Colossians, chap. ii. v. 2. 'Tis the first offspring of the Graces; Cicero's Riddle on Beauty. Smollett's Regicide, act iv. sc. 3. It must be acknowledged, that some of the moral laws which are now known and acknowledged to be our duty, were not received as such, before the gospel appeared in the world. Pearce's Sermons. ACKNOW. ACOLD. a ACKNOWLEDGMENT Money, sum paid by copyhold tenants, in some parts of England, on the death of their landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords, as money is usually paid on the attornment of tenants. ACKWORTH, a village, near Pontefract in Yorkshire; distinguished by a benevolent institution for the education of the children of quakers. This school belonged originally to the Foundling Hospital, London; but in the year 1777, being offered for sale, with 85 acres of adjoining land, the respectable society of Friends bought the property, and endowed it at an expence of 7000 7. for the education of their own youth of both sexes. Ten guineas is paid for the admission of each pupil; the average number on the establishment is about 300, who are furnished with all the necessaries of life, and trained for all its useful stations. The edifice is spacious, and built entirely of stone; and part of the eastern wing has been converted into a chapel. The business of the institution is conducted by two committees of Friends, one of whom is always a resident of London: and the annual expence of the education of the children to their parents is said not to exceed ten or twelve guineas. The house has a south aspect, and the situation is extremely healthy. ACLOYE', v. 1 See CLOY. or CLOY. But better is, that a wights tong rest Of which he neither rede can nor sing And who so it doth, full foule himself acloyeth For office vncommitted, oft anoyeth. Chaucer. The Assemblie of Foules, fol. 247, col. iii. ACME, from the Greek akun, the highest point of any thing, or crisis. It is a term usually applied to the maturity of an animal immediately previous to decline; and by physicians to express the utmost violence or crisis of a distemper. ACMON, according to some of the Greek mythologists, the most ancient of the gods, said to have produced chaos, and alone to have been immortal. Also the name of Lyrnessus, who was the companion of Eneas, mentioned by Virgil, En. x. ver. 128. ACMONIA, and AGMONIA, an ancient town of Phrygia Major; also a town on the borders of the Thermodon. Both these places were, according to the Scythian traditions, built by king Acmon, whose conquests extended over some parts of Asia Minor. This city contains many medals of gold, bronze, and silver. The same name is applied to a city of Dacia built by Severus, and called Severicum; distant 12 German miles from Temeswar, to the south-east, and the position of the Roman colony, called Ulpia Trojana. ACNIDA, AIRGINIAN HEMP, a genus of plants of the class Deicia, order Pentandria. ACOEMETÆ, or ACOEMETI, the name of some monks in the fifteenth century, who performed a sort of chaunting service, night and day, in their places of worship, without any intermission. In vindication of their practice, these monks appealed to the apostolic precept, which requires us to " pray without ceasing." There is a kind of acoemeti now subsisting in the Romish church. The term is formed of xoaw, to sleep, and a privative. Beaumont and Fletcher's Faithful Shepherdess, act i. sc. 1. ACOLUTHI, or ACOLUTHISTS, a term applied to the stoics, and others, because they persisted in their principles, and resolutions. The word is compounded of a privative, and Koλɛvos, way; indicating their determination not to turn aside. ACOLUTHI, in ecclesiastical antiquity, is applied to those who were next the subdeacon. The archdeacon, at their ordination, put into their hands a candlestick with a taper, to intimate that they were appointed to light the candles of the church; and an empty pitcher, to denote that they were to furnish wine for the sacramental festival. ACOMAC, or ACCOMARK, a county of Virginia, North America, on the eastern side of the Chesapeak. It contains 14,009 inhabitants, including 4000 slaves. ACOM'BER. See CUMBER. Acomber was used as encumber is now. He sette not his benefice to hire, And lette his shepe acombred in the mire, To seken him a chanterie for soules, Or with a brotherhede to be withold: But dwelt at home, and kepte wel his fold. Chaucer, Prologue, Personnes Tale, vol. i. p. 21. Of accidie cometh first, that a man is annoied and accombred to do any goodnesse, and that maketh that God hath abhomination of swiche Ib. The Personnes Tale, vol. ii. p. 344. accidie, as sayth Seint John. A little time his yeft is agreeable Ib. The Complaint of Venus, fol. 327. col. 1. Dovbtless, your honor and other maye maruayle, or peraduenture mislyke, that after so many books alreadie set forth, bearing the names and tytles of Chronicles of Englande, I should accomber the readers superfluouslye wyth one mo of the same matter. Grafton. Dedication, p. 1. Yea, being accumbered with the cloaked hatred of Cain, with the long coloured malice of Esau, with the dissembled falsehood of Joab; dare ye presume to come up to these sacred and fearful mysteries? Homily on the Sacrament, p. 2. ACONCAGUA, a fruitful province of Chili, South America, bounded on the north and west by Quillosa, on the east by the Andes, and south by Santiago. The mountains furnish immense quantities of copper ore; and the neighbourhood abounds with greens and fruits. There is a royal road through this province, across the Cordillera to Mendoza and Santiago, by which the mails of Europe are regularly received once a month. The royal treasures pass by this road in winter, where they are frequently interrupted by means of snow falling down from the mountains, and provisions for continual stoppages are a necessary part of the equipage. The territory itself is level, and contains a population of 8000 souls. ACONCAGUA, a trading town of Chili, the ancient capital of the province, now reduced. M ACONCAGUA. ACONCA ACONCAGUA, a considerable river of Chili, which GUA. rising in the Cordillera, and passing through Quilota ACORUS. Cirven, &c. enters the Pacific at about 33° S. lat. ACONCROBA, the name of a wild plant in Guinea, in great esteem among the natives for its virtues in the small pox. When used medicinally it is given in an infusion of wine. AC'ONITE, n. ACONITUM (akoviTov), a genus of plants of the class Polyandria; order Trigynia, used poetically for any poison. Thou shalt proue a shelter to thy friends, That the vnited vessell of their blood Shall neuer leake, though it doe worke as strong ACONTIAS, in Zoology, an ancient name of the anguis jaculus, or dart-snake, belonging to the order of amphibia serpentes. ACONTIUM, aкovTiov, in Grecian antiquity, a kind of dart or javelin, resembling the Roman pilum. A'CORN, n. A. Sax. Ac; Oak: Corn; corn. A'CORNED. The Corn of the Oak. This Osiris (sayth Berosus) did find out in Affrique the vse of wheate, and the maner of sowing, reping, and dressing of the same. And afterward he came into Egypt, where he inuented the plough, and all that euer appertaynd unto husbandrie. And from thence he passed tranoyling through the rude countryes and people who fed on acornes and fruite, and had nothing else to feede upon: Those also he taught his inuention. Grafton, repr. 1809, vol. i. p. 11. And that same tree, in which Demophoon, ACORN, the nut or fruit of the oak tree. That it was used for food before the cultivation of corn, the above citations will go to prove. In France, as late as the year 1709, on account of a great scarcity, recurrence was had to this substitute; which being previously divested of the husk and boiled in water, on this and similar occasions, is said to have been found nutritious, In Spain they have been formerly considered a delicacy, and served up as a desert. Acorns have also been used medicinally in dysenteries, intermittent fevers, and erysipelas. They make one of the best substitutes for coffee, when scorched brown over a slow fire, and adding fresh butter when they are hot in the ladle, to supply the oily richness of that beverage. In England at this time, they are principally given to poultry and hogs for fattening. ACORN, in sea-language, a conical piece of wood, fixed on the uppermost point of the spindle, above the vane, to keep it from being blown off from the mast head. ACORUS, CALAMUS AROMATICUS, SWEET FLAG, or SWEET RUSH, a genus of plants, of the class Hexandria; order Monogynia. ACQUAINT. ACORUS, in the Materia Medica, a name sometimes ACORUS given to the greater galangal root. ACORUS, in Natural History, a kind of blue coral, which is very scarce. It is obtained on the coasts of Africa, particularly from Rio del Re to the river of the Camarones; and that of the kingdom of Benin is highly esteemed. ACOUSMATICI, sometimes also called Acoustici, from are to hear; such of the disciples of Pythagoras as had not completed their five years' probation, consequently were not initiated into the secrets of his philosophy. ACOUSTICS, the science which treats of the nature and laws of sound. See SOUND, Div. ii. ACOUSTIC Duct, in Anatomy, the same with meatus auditorius, or the external passage of the ear. ACOUSTIC Nerves. See AUDITORY NERVES, ANATOMY, Div. ii. ACOUSTIC Vessels, vessels made of brass, shaped like a bell, and used in the ancient theatres to render the sounds more audible. They were of all tones within the compass of the voice and instruments. The acoustic vases mentioned by Vitruvius, and placed in different parts of the ancient theatres, were harmonically tuned. They have been tried in modern theatres without success. ACOUSTIC MEDICINES, such medicines as are adapted to remedy deafness or any disorder of the hearing. ACOY', v. or Coy. In Troilus and Cressida, b. ii. v. 782. Speght, fo. 189. c. 1. "He nist now best her hart for to coie;" is in Junius written acoie, which he explains. To asswage, to appease. See Coy. For he hath had full hard penaunce Which all his paines might acoie. Chaucer. The Romaunt of the Rose, fol. 132, col. 1. ACQS, or Acous, a town of France, in the department of the Lower Pyrenees, and arrondissement of Oleron. It has 1600 inhabitants, and is the chief town of a canton. 66 To inform, to apprize, to disclose, to communicate to. Luke, c. ii. v. 44. They sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance," is in Wiclif, "amonge his Cosyns and his knowleche." Luke, xxiii. 49. "And all his acquaintance stood afar “But all hise knowun stoden afar.” off," is in Wiclif, Heo a coyntede hymn a non, and bi comen frendes gode, Bope for here prowes, and for heo were of on blode. R. Gloucester, p. 15. And he was a quointe muche to the quene of Fraunce, And somdel to inuche, as me wende, so that in som thing The quene loucde, as me wende, more him than the king. Id. p. 465. This yonge Monk, that was so faire of face, Acquainted was so with this goode man, Sithen that hir firste knowlege began, That in his hous as familier was he, As it possible is any frend to be. Chaucer. Saip. Tale, vol. ii. p. 31. Thou maiest ensample take of Kaie. Id. Fol. Rom, of Rose, f. 126. col. 3. ACQUAINT. ACQUI Ful many a man hath he begiled er this, Chan, and Yem. Tale, v. ii. P. 243. And send it syne to ane Remulus has he, In sygne of freyndschip and ferme acquentance, Thus athir absent ionit alliance. Bible, 1539. Ps. lxxxviii. I saw your brother Most prouident in perill binde himselfe, Shakespeare, Twelfe N. p. 255. act i. sc. 2. And came to Cælia to declare her harte, Spenser's Faerie Quene, b. i. c. 10. Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace, thereby good Job, xxii. 21. shall come unto thee. And for so much as the Brytains disdained to give to them [the CARDINAL G. For souls just quitting earth, peep into heaven; Dryden's Duke of Guise, act v. sc. 1. He takes away the word contemporary, and, in its room, puts in acquaintance: now that is a point I need not allow,--that Phalaris and Pythagoras had any acquaintance together. I granted that they were contemporaries. Bentley on the Epistles of Phalaris. Contract no friendship, or even acquaintance, with a guileful man ; he resembles a coal, which when hot burneth the hand, and when cold blacketh it. Sir Wm. Jones's Translation of Hitópadésa. ACQUAPENDENTE, a papal town of Italy, with a bishop's see, seated on a mountain, near the river Paglia, ten miles W. of Orvietano, and 57 N. by W. of Rome; it contains 16 churches and convents. E. lon. 11o, 53′. N. lat. 42°, 43'. ACQUI, or AQUI, a district and bishop's see of Italy, duchy of Montferrat. It is bounded in the north by the counties of Asti and Casall; on the east by Alessandria; and on the west by Alba and the Marquisate of Spigno. dispute. LADY F. In what calin he speaks Ben Jonson's New Inn, act iv. sc. 3. "Delight in the law," in the unregenerate, is only in the understanding: The man considers what an excellent thing it is to be vertuous, the just proportions of duty, the fitness of being subordinate to God, the rectitude of the soul, the acquiescence and appendant peace. Taylor's Pol. Discourses. We conceive ourselves obliged to submit unto, and acquiesce in, all his dispensations of Providence, as most wise and most righteous. Barrow's Sermons. He that never compares his notions with those of others, readily acquiesces in his first thoughts, and very seldom discovers the objections which may be raised against his opinions. Adventurer, No. 126. But ere he gain the comfortless repose ACQUIRE, v. ACQUIRER, ACQUIRABLE, ACQUIREMENT, ACQUIRY, Ac'QUISITE, ACQUISITION,. ACQUISITIVE, ACQUISITOR, ACQUEST'. Ad: ! Cowper's Task, b. v. : quæro: to ask or seek for. To seek for; to labour to obtain; and consequently to obtain, to gain, to procure. Of suche small qualities, as God hathe endued me withal, I [Henry VIII.] rendre to bis goodnes my most humble thakes, entendyng with all my witte, and diligence to get and acquire to me suche notable vertues, and princely qualities, as you haue alleged to be incorporate in my persone. Hall, repr. 1809, p. 865. The greatest goodnesse of all goodnes is when tirannies are put vnder by vertues acquired, or to find remedy against accustomed vices with good inclinations. Golden Booke, c. xv. A lower place, note well, May make too great an act. For learne this, Sillius, Shakespeare. Ant. and C. p. 351. act iii. se. 1. Beaumont and Fletcher's Bloody Brother, act v. sc. 1. Prior's Solomon, book ii. AC To make great acquisitions can happen to very few; and in the QUIRE. uncertainty of human affairs, to many it will be incident to labour without reward, and to lose what they already possess by endeavours ACQUIT. to make it more. Adventurer, No. 119. ACQUISITION, among lawyers, is used for the right or title to an estate obtained by purchase or donation. ACQUIT, v. ACQUIT MENT, ACQUITTAL, ACQUITTANCE, v. ACQUITTANCE, n. no cause for future fear. SKINNER; from the French acquitter, to absolve, to deliver from; q. d. adquietare, (i. e.) to give quiet to one accused or in debt, so that he may have MENAGE also derives the Fr. acquitter, from the bar barous Latin adquietare; formed from quietus; and quotes from Vossius de Vitiis, 1. v. c. 18. Quitare, a quietare; to forgive a debt, or to confess it satisfied, and thus to render the debtor quiet.---And our common usage is to clear, free or deliver from charge or suspicion; whether of debt, criminality, folly, weakness, &c. to discharge, to release. To free ourselves from the claims of duty; to perform or fulfil a part, or duty. Sire man of lawe, quod he, so have ye blis, Chaucer, vol. i. p. 177. He vouchedesafe, tell him, as was his will, Ib. ABC. These bee in parte, the poyntes and articles, which I Humfrey Duke of Gloucester, for my trouthe and acquittall, saied late, I would geue in writyng (my right doubted Lorde) unto your highness. Hall, repr. 1809, p. 197. But I think verely for al this, ther was gret evidence geuē against the chaūceler, for he was at legth indited of Hune's death, and was a gret while in preson, & in coclusion, neuer durst abyde the tryal of xii men for his acquitayle: but was fain by frendship to geat a pardon. Sir Thomas More's Works, p. 238. The Lord is slow to anger, and great in power, and will not at all acquit the wicked. Nahum, chap. i. v. But if black scandall, or foule-fac'd reproach, 3. Shakespeare, Richard III. fo. 192, act iii. sc. 7. Id. Hamlet, fol. 275, act iv. sc. 7. What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass By some immediate stroke; but soon shall find Milton's Paradise Lost, b. x. God's justifying solely or chiefly, doth import his acquitting us from guilt, condemnation, and punishment, by free pardon and remission of our sins. Barrow's Sermons. Of this we'll grant you stand acquit, Prior's Widow and her Cat. To deliver themselves [the Romans] from this subjection to their creditors, the poorer citizens were continually calling out, either for an entire abolition of debts, or for what they called new tables; that is, for a law which should entitle them to a complete acquittance, upon paying only a certain proportion of their accumulated debts. Smith's Wealth of Nations. ACRA, ACARA, ACRON, or ALCROU, a small independent state on the Gold Coast of Africa, where the English, Dutch, and Danes, formerly had strong forts, the best on the whole coast, and each fort its particular village. That of the English is called Fort James, which is capable of mounting 20 cannon. It is generally ill-manned, and the Dutch fort is gone wholly to decay. Acra was once dependent on the government of Aquamboe, but has of late years shaken off the yoke. The language is said to be unknown to any other district on the coast. Its situation is healthy, and its trade very extensive. The government is much more democratic than is generally known in this part of the world, and more gold is said to be yielded here than in any other district of Guinea. W. lon. 0°, 8'. N. lat. 5°, 0'. ACRA, in Ancient Geography, a promontory of Calabriad, called Salenia, by Ptolemy; now Capo di San Maria di Leuca. ACRA and ACRO, as a prefix to Greek names of places, imply their situation on an eminence; as Acragas, Acroceraunia. Also one of the hills on which stood that part of Jerusalem which formed the old and lower city. ACRÆ, an ancient Sicilian town, twenty-four miles S. of Syracuse, near the present monastery of Santa Maura d'Arcia, between Nolo and Avula. Medals of this city, which appears to have been built on an eminence (Sil. Ital. lib. xiv.) are found in gold, silver and bronze. ACRE, a fabulous daughter of the river Asterian, who gave her name to a mountain of Argolis, a country of Peloponnesus;-it was also used as a surname of Diana from a temple erected to her honour by Melampus on a mountain near Argos. Paus. 2. c. 17. ACRÆPHNIA, an ancient town of Boeotia, from which Apollo was called Acræphinus. κεραννυμι, ACRASIA, in Physic (from a privative, and Kepavrupt, to mix, q. d. not mixed in a just proportion), the predominancy of one quality above another, either with regard to artificial mixtures, or the humours of the human body. ACRASUS, in Ancient Geography, a town of Asia Minor in Lydia. Some imperial Greek medals of this city still exist, which were struck under the prætors, in honour of Severus, and several other emperors. ACRA'ZE, or CRAZE. See CRAZE. And albeit that the duke was somewhat acrased, yet he met him with a solempne procession of the colledge, and receaued him with all the reuerence and humilitie that he could doe, as it became him best to do, being his souereigne lorde. Grafton, rep. 1809, vol. i. P. 463. A'CRE, n. Sax. Acene. Ager, a field. This word is now applied to a particular admeasurement of land, though not formerly so restricted. And ten akers of vynes shal geue but a quarte, and xxx bushels of sede shall geue bu tan epha. Esay, c. v.-Bible, 1539. ACQUIT. ACRE |