sters of the greater part of Engianu.

Though the period, during which these invaders occud the English throne, was very short, not greatly exceed- half a century, it is highly probable that some change s introduced by them into the language spoken by those, om they had subdued: but this change cannot be supsed to have been very considerable, as the Danish and xon languages arose from one common source, the Gothbeing the parent of both.

"The next conquerors of this kingdom, after the Danes, ere the Normans, who, in the year 1066. introduced their ader William to the possession of the English throneThis prince, soon after his accession, endeavored to bring is own language (the Norman-French) into use among his ew subjects; but his efforts were not very successful, as he Saxons entertained a great antipathy to these haughty oreigners. In process of time, however, many Norman words and phrases were incorporated into the Saxon language: but its general form and construction still remained the same.

"From the Conquest to the Reformation, the language continued to receive occasional accessions of foreign words, till it acquired such a degree of copiousness and strength, as to render it susceptible of that polish, which it has received from writers of taste and genius, in the last and present centuries. During this period, the learned have enriched it with many significant expressions, drawn from the treasures of Greek and Roman literature; the ingenious and the fashionable have imported occasional supplies of French, Spanish, Italian, and German words, gleaned during their foreign excursions; and the connexions which we maintain, through the medium of government and commerce, with many remote nations, have made some additions to our native vocabulary.

"In this manner did the ancient language of the AngloSaxons proceed, through the various stages of innovation, and the several gradations of refinement, to the formation of the present English tongue."

See the Twelfth chapter of the OCTAVO Grammar.

SYNTAX.

THE third part of grammar is treats of the agreement and constr in a sentence.

A sentence is an assemblage of a complete sense.

Sentences are of two kinds, s pound.

A simple sentence has in it but one finite verb: as, "Life is sho A compound sentence consists simple sentences connected toget is short, and art is long." "Id want, vice and misery."

As sentences themselves are divide compound, so the members of sentend likewise into simple and compound m sentences, whether simple or compou members of other scntences, by means connexion; as in the following example eth his owner, and the ass his master's cr not know, my people do not consider." sists of two conapounded members, each ded into two simple members, which clauses.

There are three sorts of simple sent tive, or explaining; the interrogative, perative, or commanding.

An explicative sentence is when a th not to be, to do or not to do, to suffer o direct manner: as, "I am; thou write ed. If the sentence be negative, the a after the auxiliary, or after the verb it auxiliary: as, "I did not touch him ;" not."

66

Finite verbs are those to which number Verbs in the infinitive mood have no respect t

ry: as,

"Was it he?" "Did Alexander conquer the crsians ?"

In an imperative sentence, when a thing is commanded be, to do, to suffer, or not, the nominative case likewise llows the verb or the auxiliary: as, "Go, thou traitor !" Do thou go:" "Haste ye away :" unless the verb let be sed: as, "Let us be gone."

A phrase is two or more words rightly put to;ether, making sometimes part of a sentence, and ometimes a whole sentence.

The principal parts of a simple sentence are, he subject, the attribute, and the object.

The subject is the thing chiefly spoken of; the ttribute is the thing or action affirmed or denied of it; and the object is the thing affected by such action.

The nominative denotes the subject, and usually goes before the verb or attribute; and the word or phrase, denoting the object, follows the verb; as, "A wise man governs his passions." Here, a wise man is the subject; governs, the attribute, or thing affirmed; and his passions,the object.

Syntax principally consists of two parts, Concord and Government.

Concord is the agreement which one word has with another, in gender, number, case, or person. Government is that power which one part of speech has over another, in directing its mood, tense, or case.

To produce the agreement and right disposition of words in a sentence, the following rules and observations should be carefully studied.

RULE I.

A Verb must agree with its nominative case,

The following are a few instances of th rule. "What signifies good opinions, w bad?" "what signify." "There's two have seen the work:" "there are." " there was more imposters than one:" " "I have considered what have been sai this controversy :" "what has been said be healthy, live temperately :" "If thou sees how little has been done :" "thou thou cannot do much for the cause, thou something" "canst not, mayst, and sho ny a flower are born to blush unseen;' conformity of inclinations and qualiti friendship:" "prepares us." "A varie been conferred upon us :" has been." tue consist the happiness of man :" these precepts are subjoined a copious and maxims :" "is subjoined."

* 1. The infinitive mood, or part of a times put as the nominative case to the the sun is pleasant;" "To be good is desire to excel others in learning and ble ;""That warm climates should ad of the human body, and shorten its dura able to believe;"" To be temperate in to use exercise in the open air, and to free from tumultuous emotions, are th of health."

2. Every verb, except in the infiniti ticiple, ought to have a nominative cas or implied: as, "Awake; arise;" t arise ye."

We shall here add some examples use of the verb without its nominative pleased him of his goodness to give and hath preserved you in the great verb hath preserved," has here no n cannot be properly supplied with the pr

The chief practical notes under each R bered, in order to make them correspond volume of Exercises.

cted from an historian of undoubted credit, and are the ne that were practised," &c. " and they are the same." A man whose inclinations led him to be corrupt, and great abilities to manage the business;" "and who had,"

"A cloud gathering in the north; which we have ped to arise, and may quickly break in a storm upon our ads ;"" and which may quickly."

3. Every nominative case, except the case absolute, and en an address is made to a person, should belong to some, rb, either expressed or implied: as, "Who wrote this ok?" "James;" that is, " James wrote it." "To whom us Adam;" that is, " spoke."

One or two instances of the improper use of the nominawe case, without any verb, expressed or implied, to anver it, it may be sufficient to illustrate the usefulness of the eceding observation.

"Which rule, if it had been observed, a neighboring ince would have wanted a great deal of that incense hich hath been offered up to him." The pronoun it is ere the nominative case to the verb "observed;" and hich rule, is left by itself, a nominative case without any erb following it. This form of expression, though imroper, is very common. It ought to be "If this rule had een observed," &c. "Man, though he has great variety f thoughts, and such from which others as well as himself night receive profit and delight, yet they are all within his wn breast." In this sentence, the nominative man stands one and unconnected with any verb, either expressed or mplied. It should be, "Though man has great variety,"

4. When a verb comes between two nouns either of which may be understood as the subject of the affirmation, t may agree with either of them: but some regard must e had to that which is more naturally the subject of it, as also to that which stands next to the verb: as, "His meat was locusts and wild honey;" "A great cause of the low state of industry were the restraints put upon it;" "The wages of sin is death."

5. When the nominative case has no personal tense of a verb, but is put before a participle, independently on the