The Expression of the Emotions in Man and AnimalsCambridge University Press, 26 wrz 2013 - 400 When this monograph was first published in 1872, there already existed a good deal of thought on facial expression via the study of physiognomy; this work, notes Charles Darwin (1809-82), was full of 'surprising nonsense'. Setting aside the assumption of previous studies that human facial muscles were created specifically for a range of expressions unique to the species, Darwin sets out here to make a systematic study of both human and animal expression. The range of his research is extraordinarily wide: he not only experimented on himself, but observed infants, consulted doctors in psychiatric hospitals and sent out requests to missionaries and travellers for first-hand notes on the expressions of aboriginal peoples. Learned, meticulous and illustrated with an impressive array of drawings, photographs and engravings, Darwin's work stands as an important contribution to the study of human behaviour and its origins. |
Spis treści
INTRODUCTION Page8126 | 26 |
The Principle of AntithesisInstances in the dog and catOrigin | 50 |
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION | 66 |
The emission of soundsVocal soundsSounds otherwise pro | 83 |
The Dog various expressive movements of OatsHorses | 116 |
SUFFERING | 147 |
General effect of grief on the systemObliquity of the eye | 178 |
Laughter primarily the expression of joyLudicrous ideas | 198 |
REFLEGTIONMEDITATIONILLTEMPEB | 222 |
HatredRage effects of on the systemUncovering of the teeth | 239 |
DIsnAIN CoNTaMPT DISGUBT GUILT | 254 |
Surprise astonishmentElevation of the eyebrowsOpening | 278 |
Nature of a blushInheritanceThe parts of the body most | 310 |
The three leading principles which have determined the chief move | 348 |
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accompanied acquired action affected anger animals answers appearance associated attention become believe blush body called cause chapter closely contraction corners crying described direct doubt draw drawn ears edit emotions erect especially excited exhibited expression extreme eyebrows eyelids eyes face fact fear feel first force frown gestures give given habit hair hands head infants instance kind latter laughter least less likewise lips look lower manner means mind monkeys mouth move movements muscles namely natural nearly never noticed object observed opposite origin pain performed persons play present principle probably produced races rage raised remarks respect round savage says screaming secretion seems seen sensation shoulders shown side signs skin slight slightly smile sometimes sounds strong strongly suffering tail tears teeth terror thought tion turned upper utter various violent weeping whilst whole widely young