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92

Di-pyruvic-tri-ureide
Tetra-pyruvic-tri-ureide
Di-pyruvic-tetra-ureide

Chemical Notices from Foreign Sources.

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C9 H12O5N6
C15H1408N6
C13H1507N8

They have been easily resolved, and similarly with the following.

III. What are the types and genetic equations of the following acids?

Di-thio-prussiamic acid

NH2

SH

Cy3–NH–Cy3

NH2

SH

Mono-thio-di-prussiamic acid

NH2

NH2

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NH2

SH

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CHEMICAL NEWS,
Sept. 1, 1876.

Dissociation of the Vapour of Calomel.-H. Debray. —At 440° calomel experiences incipient decomposition.

Action of Hydracids upon Tellurous Acid.-M. A. Ditte.-An examination of the behaviour of tellurous acid with hydrochloric acid. The author has succeeded in obtaining the compounds 2TeO2, 3HCl, and TeO2HCl.

New Salts of Bismuth, and their Application in the Detection of Potassa.-M. A. Carnot.-Reserved for insertion in full.

Isomerism of the Rotatory Power in the Camphols. -M. J. de Montgolfier. The camphols of different origin, natural or artificial, differ among themselves merely by their rotatory power, and we have not at present, in the preparation of this body, even by the same methods, obtained identical results. These various rotations cannot evidently indicate true isomerisms; they may be explained, on the contrary, by mixtures of an active with an inactive body. The author has arrived at the conclusion that borneol may be easily obtained of as high a rotatory power as may be desired up to a limit, which is about 37° for the ray D. This borneol at 37° is the true active body with a complete rotatory power. He has not yet succeeded in obtaining a borneol entirely inactive.

Cause of the Spontaneous Alteration of Anhydrous Hydrocyanic Acid, and on a New Case of the Total Transformation of this Acid.-M. J. de Girard. -It is known that anhydrous cyanic acid sometimes undergoes in a short time the azulmic decomposition, whilst in other cases it may be preserved for months without change. The cause of this difference is due to the chloride of calcium used in desiccation. If this is neutral the acid obtained will be pure, and may be preFOREIGN when it has been calcined in contact with the air, the served indefinitely; if it is alkaline, which is the case hydrocyanic acid will soon. undergo spontaneous decomposition. There is also another cause of the transformation of hydrocyanic acid, not connected with the presence

NOTE. All degrees of temperature are Centigrade, unless otherwise of a trace of alkali, namely, heat. If the pure acid is expressed.

Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, de l'Acadenie
des Sciences. No. 5, July 31, 1876.
Fifth Note on Electric Transmissions through the

Soil.-M. Th. du Moncel.-Not suitable for abstraction.

Globular Thunderbolts.-M. G. Planté. The author gives an account of a violent storm at Paris on July 24, between 3.30 and 4 p.m., in which the lightning fell in a globular form upon the house No. 28 of the Rue des Tournelles, and on the corner of the theatre of the Boule

heated for four to five hours in a sealed tube to 100° it soons turns brown, and finally congeals into a black compact mass. On opening the tubes there is no escape of gas. The acid heated to 100° with anhydrous ether or absolute alcohol experiences a modification which appears

analogous.

acid there is no limit, because the alkali is saturated as it is produced. Cyanide of zinc is slowly decomposed by a rapid current of carbonic acid, and also, though more slightly, by air freed from carbonic acid. Cyanides of uranium and nickel show no trace of decomposition even in a prolonged current of carbonic acid.

Two New Sulphuretted Ureas.-MM. P. de Clermont and E. Wehrlin. The ureas in question are cresyl-sulphocarbamide, CS,NH2NHCH7, and naphthyl-sulphocarbamide, CSNH2NHC10Н7.

of Zinc, and Formiate of Potassa in Carbonic Acid, Decomposition of Cyanide of Potassium, Cyanide Air, and Pure Hydrogen. MM. L. Naudin and F. de Montholon.-Cyanide of potassium is decomposed in inert gases, and the decomposition is only limited by the alkavard Beaumarchais. The formation of globular thunder-linity due to the potassa formed. In the case of carbonic bolts results (1) From the aggregation in a spherical form of ponderable matter and, in particular, of air and watery vapour, in consequence of the aspiration and the rarefaction which the electric flux determines in its passage; (2) of the condensation of positive electricity in this medium. The electricity is dissipated silently if the soil is strongly negative, otherwise there is an explosion. Radiometers of Crookes Formed of Laminæ of a Metal and of Mica.- MM. Alvergniat.-As for radiometers partly of metal and partly of mica the authors have not succeeded in rendering them insensible, and still less those of mica alone and blackened. Nevertheless they have a radiometer of plates of metal and of mica blackened, which, when a vacuum had been made in the ordinary manner, turned very readily on approaching a match to the case. On heating very strongly, and continuing to exhaust, it became much less sensitive; the radiation of more than twenty candles placed at 10 centimetres from the globe did not suffice to make it stir, and the full light of the sun was required to set it in motion. But this radiometer, so little sensitive to light, remained highly sensitive to obscure heat. The mere warmth of the hand sufficed to set it in rapid rotation in an inverse direction.

Industrial Use of Vanadium in the Manufacture of Aniline-Black.-M. G. Witz.-After having verified the action of vanadium upon mixed solutions of chlorates and of muriate of aniline, I have found that in dyeing cottonskeins black the oxidation is considerably hastened in proportion to the concentration of the dye-baths, and, inversely, it becomes the slower as the liquids are more dilute. Having perceived that the reaction begins, not abruptly, but in a manner almost insensible at first, becoming subsequently accelerated, and being completed in a time which varies in the direct ratio of the greater or less quantities of the metal, always very small, which are present, I have profited by these favourable circumstances to apply this mode of the formation of aniline-black to

CHEMICAL NEWS,

Sept. 1, 1876.

Chemical Notices from Foreign Sources.

colours thickened for printing. In certain series of trials I have determined the exceedingly reduced proportion of vanadium which must be employed in the colour to realise the oxidation of the aniline. I have worked very carefully, making impressions with the finger, avoiding all contact with copper or other metals, and with salts as pure as possible. I finally found that in printing one hundredthousandth of the weight of the aniline salt may be employed. I have printed for some months aniline-blacks in considerable quantity, and have always found a rapidity of oxidation proportional to the amount of the metal employed. It is sufficient to take a quantity of vanadium corresponding to 1-100,000th or 1-200,000th of the weight of muriate of aniline to obtain in a few days, at the temperature of 25° C., a sufficient oxidation. About 1-30,000th may be taken for colours containing 80 grms. of muriate of aniline to the litre of mixed colour. In two or three days at 25° C, and 20° moisture, the colour is perfectly developed. The preparations of sulphuret of copper have been completely abandoned in favour of vanadium, which secures results more prompt and perfect, avoids the deposition of copper on the steel doctors and the corrosion of the engraved cylinders, and, a remarkable thing, the thickened colours may be preserved for several weeks without change. With all these advantages, vanadium only costs the eleventh part of what was formerly paid for copper. All the soluble compounds of vanadium may be used, as the contact with chloric acid brings them to the maximum degree of oxidation. The quantities of vanadium to be added to aniline-blacks vary, in general, inversely as the concentration-that is to say, the proportion of aniline which they contain, as well as the temperature and the length of time set apart for oxidation. The following are the advantages derived from the use of vanadium:(1) Amelioriation of the richness of the black, and the distinctness of the impression. (2) Suppression of the corrosion of the doctors and cylinders. (3) Facility of regulating the duration of the oxidation at will. (4) Long preservation of the thickened colour. (5) Simpler and more economic preparation.

Manufacture of Dynamite.-M. A. Sobrero.-The author has used the earth of Santa Fiora, in Tuscany, as a substitute for Kieselguhr.

Cellulosic Fermentation Produced by the Aid of Vegetable Organs, and Probable Utilisation of Sugar in Vegetation for the Formation of Cellulose. -M. Durin.-Not adapted for abstraction.

Microzymas of Sprouted Barley and of Sweet Almonds as Producers of Diastase and Synaptase, with reference to a Paper by MM. Pasteur and Joubert.-M. A. Bechamp.-The author defends, his views against the paper of Pasteur and Joubert (Comptes Rendus, lxxxiii., p. 5).

Correction in a Communication on Bread-Making in the United States, and on the Properties of the Hop as a Ferment.-M. Sacc.-M. Sacc states that the hop is not a ferment, but merely preserves the yeast from entering into the lactic fermentation.

Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de Paris, No. 2, July 20, 1876.

93

Remarks on the Real Existence of a Matter formed

of Isolated Atoms comparable to Material Points.M. Berthelot.-With reference to the conclusion of MM. Kundt and Warburg (Poggendorff's Annalen, clvii., 356), that the molecule of mercurial gas behaves sensibly as a material point from the point of view of its mechanical and thermic properties, the hypothesis of a monatomic matter in an absolute sense has nothing in common, save the name, with the conceptions of chemists who reason merely on the ponderable ratios of the molecules which are combined or substituted, their atom being defined by its minimum proportionate value. It would require, in my opinion, proofs very different from the speed of sound in a vapour to be admitted. The very notion of an atom indivisible and yet extended and continuous, as well as that of an atom endowed with mass and yet reduced to a material point, seems contradictory in itself.

Thermic Formation of Ozone.-M. Berthelot.

Ozone is a body formed with absorption of heat; it disengages this excess of heat in its oxidations, which explains its superior activity to that of common oxygen. the influence of electricity; still a remarkable excess, beThis excess of heat or of energy has been stored up under condensed than that which produces it. cause we have to do with the formation of a body more

Absorption of Free Pure Nitrogen by Organic Matters at Common Temperatures.-M. Berthelot.Already noticed.

Reply to certain Critical Objections on Atomicity by M. J. A. le Bel.—M. E. Bourgoin.—If we admit the successive saturation of the elements, as is generally thought in France, and as M. le Bel himself appears to admit, we render illusory all the atomic theory relating to atomicities, as M. Berthelot has judiciously observed. One of the fundamental principles of the atomic theory is that the volume represents the atom, but this principle is implicitly contradicted by experiment: to admit that the atoms of mercury and cadmium represent two volumes, whilst those of phosphorus and arsenic correspond to half a volume, is merely begging the question.

Nitrated Alizarin.-M. A. Rosenstiehl.-Reserved for

insertion in full.

Detection of Magenta in Wines.-M. E. Jacquemin. -Already noticed.

Decomposition of Insoluble Carbonates by Sulphuretted Hydrogen.—MM. L. Naudin and F. de Montholon. Already noticed.

No. 3, August 5, 1876.

Absorption of Free Hydrogen under the Influence of the Effluve.-M. Berthelot.-Hydrogen is absorbed by organic compounds under the influence of the effluve even more rapidly than nitrogen. This has been observed with benzin, terebenthen, acetylen, &c.

New Researches on the Pyrogenous Carbides and on the Composition of Coal-Gas.-M. Berthelot. C.-A lengthy paper, not suitable for abstraction.

Note on the Fermentation of Urine, with reference to a Communication by M. Pasteur.-M. H. Bastian.

Observations Relative to the Opinions ascribed by Dr. Bastian to Prof. Tyndall. An extract from two letters from Prof. Tyndall to M. Dumas. (These papers are a contribution to the "burning question" of spontaneous generation.

Metallic Dust in the Atmosphere.-Dr. T. L. Phipson. The author gives a few cases of the occurrence of metallic dust in the atmosphere in situations where it could not well be derived from artificial sources, and remarks that there certainly exist in the air a great number of substances which ordinary chemical analysis does not indicate.

Formation and Decomposition of Binary Compounds by the Electric Effluve.-M. Berthelot.-Ammonia is formed from a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. Protoxide of nitrogen is decomposed into free oxygen and nitrogen, and no new oxide of nitrogen is formed. With binoxide of nitrogen a portion of the nitrogen is set free, and protoxide of nitrogen is formed. Sulphuretted hydrogen is decomposed into hydrogen, polysulphide of hydrogen, and free sulphur. The behaviour of seleniuretted hydrogen is similar. Phosphoretted hydrogen is resolved into hydrogen and yellow subphosphuret. The fluorides of boron and silicon, chlorine, and gaseous bromine are not affected. Sulphurous acid is, to a small extent, converted into free oxygen and sulphur insoluble in the bi

94

Chemical Notices from Foreign Sources.

sulphide of carbon. Cyanogen is quickly converted into paracyanogen.

Pyrogeneous Decomposition of Nitrate of Ammonia, and on the Volatility of Ammoniacal Salts.M. Berthelot.-Not suitable for abstraction.

Reply to the Second Memoir of M. Bourgoin.M. J. A. Le Bel.-This discussion seems to be in danger of becoming personal.

Decomposition of Alkaline Bicarbonates, Dry and Moist, under the Influence of Heat and of a Vacuum. -M. A. Gautier.-Already noticed.

Alkaline Sulphocarbonates: Criticism on a Product having for its basis Sulphocarbonate of Potassium, and Proposed for the Destruction of the Phylloxera. -M. A. Mermet.-This paper points out the defects of a patent for mixing guano, gypsum, and sulphocarbonate of potassium, and using the resulting compound as a dressing for vines aitacked by the phylloxera.}

Decomposition of Cyanide of Potassium, Cyanide of Zinc, and Formiate of Potassa in Carbonic Acid, Air, and Pure Hydrogen.-MM. Naudin and Montholon. -Already noticed.

Two New Sulphuretted Ureas.--MM. Clermont and Wehrlin. Already noticed.

Note on a Modification introduced into SugarRefining.-M. Daniel Klein.—A lengthy paper not suited for abstraction.

The Preparation, the Atomic Weight, and the Determination of Cerium free from Didymium.-M. H. Buhrig. The atomic weight found is 94 1782. The author proposes to weigh cerium as ceroso-ceric oxide, Ce3O4, the composition of which is perfectly constant; the sulphate, oxalate, and hydrate of cerium are transformed into ceroso-ceric oxide at a white-red heat. The author concludes his memoir by an account of some experiments on the influence of certain salts on the sensibility of the reaction of potassic sulphocyanide with ferric chloride. It was known that certain phosphates and fluorides destroy or lessen the intensity of the colouration, but according to the author many other compounds have the same effect, such as free sulphuric acid and the sulphates of Na, K, Mg, and Ce.

{CHEMICAL NEWS,

Sept. 1, 1876.

bisulphate of potassium gives with sulphuretted hydrogen a precipitate of zinc sulphide containing 19 per cent of the total zinc present in the liquid. If the quantity of bisulphate of potassium is raised to 2 grms. there is no precipitation.-Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie.

Determination of Theine in Tea.-M. H. Schwarz.

Exhaust with boiling acidulated water, neutralise with lime, evaporate to dryness, and exhaust residue with ether. The extract is evaporated to dryness, and the residue weighed as theine.

Determination of Anthracen in Coal-Tar.-M. C.

Nicol.-The tar (10 to 20 grms.) is distilled in a small glass retort, luted, and the vapours are directed into a U-tube serving as a receiver, and heated to 200° in a bath of paraffin. The volatile products boiling below 200° are not condensed, whilst anthracen and hydrocarbides, having of the products of distillation remains in the anterior part high boiling-points, collect in the U-tube. A small quantity of the neck of the retort, which is therefore cut off, pounded, and the fragments added to the distillate.. The distillate is then dissolved in glacial acetic acid by the aid of heat, the acid being added in small portions, and it is finally transformed into anthraquinon by means of Luck's process. The temperature should be very high towards the end of the distillation.-Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie.

Les Mondes, Revue Hebdomadaire des Sciences,
No. 15, August 10, 1876.

M. Rieffel, of Grandjouan, finds that petroleum is the
most satisfactory insectide yet known.
M. Devergie calls attention to the supposed power of
the salts of copper for the prevention of cholera.

MISCELLANEOUS.

place will be posted up in the British Association Reception Rooms. The chair will be taken by Professor M. Forster Heddle, M.D., F.R.G.S.

Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland -A general meeting of the members of the Mineralogical Society will be held at Glasgow, on Wednesday next, September 6, 1876, after the meeting of the General ComDetermination of Lithium by means of the Spectro-mittee of the British Association. The exact time and scope.-M. H. Ballmann.-If we dilute progressively a solution of chloride of lithium a point is reached when the ray Lia is no longer visible. According to the author's experiments this limit is fixed for each observer, though liable to individual variations. For the author's eye this limit is I m.g. chloride of lithium dissolved in 3345 c.c. If we gradually dilute with water a liquid containing lithic chloride up to the point when a drop evaporated on a tinum wire no longer shows the ray Lia, the solution contains 1 m.g. LiCl in 33:45 c.c. of water, whence the original proportion may be easily calculated according to the quantity added.

Determination of Gold in Pyrites.-M. H. Schwarz. -The author melts 100 grms. pyrites with 466 grms. fine iron turnings under a layer of common salt. The monosulphide formed is powdered, and attacked with dilute sulphuric acid in a gas apparatus, the sulphuretted hydrogen being received in ammonia. The matter insoluble in acid is collected, washed, dried, and roasted. It is then mixed with borax and about 2 grms. granulated lead, and the mixture melted in a muffle until the lead collects in a

University of London.-Examinations for Honours. -First B.A. and First B.Sc., conjointly.-Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy:-1st class. J. E. Aloysius pla-bridge; Henry Robert Olley, First B.A., Owens College. Steggall, First B.A. (Exhibition), Trinity College, Cam2nd class. John Arthur Owen, First B.Sc., private study; Arthur Black, First B.Sc., private study. 3rd class. Walter Plumb Root, First B.A., private study. First B.Sc. and Preliminary M.B., conjointly.--Chemistry: 1st class. Ernest H. Cook, First B.Sc., (Exhibition), Royal College of Science, Dublin; Robert Maguire, Prel. Sci., Owens College. 2nd class. William Henry Higgin, First B.Sc., Owens College; Thomas Gough, First B.Sc., private study; James Hugh Paul, First B.Sc. and Prel. Sci., private study; Beaven Neave Rake, Prel. Sci., Guy's Hospital. 3rd class. William Freame, First B.Sc. and Prel. Sci., Royal College of Science, Dublin; Henry Thomas Groom, Prel. Sci., St. Bartholomew's Hospital; Francis Bowe, Prel. Sci., St. Bartholomew's Hospital; James Norie, Prel. Sci., University College. Zoology: 1st class. David Alexander King, Prel. Sci., St. Bartholomew's Hospital. 2nd class. Arthur George Dawson, Prel. Sci., Owens College; Charles Pardey Lukis, Prel. Sci., St. Bartholomew's Hospital; Mark Feetham Sayer, Prel. Sci., University College; William Evans Hoyle, First B.Sc. and Prel. Sci., Owens College and Christ Church, Oxford; Wayland Charles Chaffey, Prel. Sci.

single globule floating in ferruginous scoriæ. This globule is detached, and submitted to cupellation.

Precipitation of Zinc by Sulphuretted Hydrogen in Presence of Bisulphate of Potassium.-M. G. Sulhorst. Sulphuretted hydrogen partially precipitates zinc from a solution of sulphate of zinc containing bisulphate of potassium, but if the proportion of the latter salt exceeds a certain limit the liquid is no longer rendered turbid. Thus, a solution of 2 grms. sulphate of zinc and 1 grm.

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St. Bartholomew's Hospital; Denis McDonnell, Prel. Sci., King's College. 3rd class. Robert Henry Scanes Spicer, Prel. Sci., private study; Robert Maguire, Prel. Sci., Owens College; Henry Thomas Groom, Prel. Sci., St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Experimental Physics: 1st class. H. F. B.A., Morley, First B.Sc. (Arnott Exhibition and Medal), University College. 2nd class. Thomas Bolton, First B.Sc., University College. 3rd class. Julian Stephens, First B.Sc. and Prel. Sci., University College and private study. Botany: 1st class. Joseph Tregelles Fox, Prel. Sci., London Hospital. 2nd class. Anundrao Atmaram, First B.Sc. and Prel. Sci., University College; Robert Henry Scanes Spicer, Prel. Sci., private study; John Mitford Atkinson, Prel. Sci., London Hospital; Andrew William Dallmeyer, First B.Sc. and Prel. Sci., University College; Richard Sisley, Prel. Sci., St. George's Hospital. 3rd class. Charles Pardey Lukis, Prel. Sci., St. Bartholomew's Hospital; Henry Thomas Groom, Prel. Sci., St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

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Improvements in the manufacture of sulphates of soda and potash, and in calcining carbonates of soda and potash. W. Jones and J. Walsh, Middlesbro'-on-Tees, York. May 21, 1875.-No. 1864. According to this Provisional Specification, the charge of chlorides, &c., is put into a flat-bottomed circular metal pan, which forms the bed of a furnace, and on this pan the sulphates are decomposed and calcined until they are finished in one operation. Above the bed are blades for stirring the charge.

Improvements in the treatment of wool, either in the raw or in a manufactured condition. J. Behrens, Bradford, York. (A communication from H. Caro, Mannheim, Germany.) May 21, 1875.-No. 1868. This invention consists in submitting wool, either in the raw or in an unmanufactured or manufactured condition, to the action of chlorine until the shrinking, curling, or felting properties possessed by wool in its natural condition shall have been destroyed or modified.

Improvements in the means or apparatus employed in melting, refining, converting, and puddling iron. W. Middleton, Leeds, York. May 22, 1875.-No. 1881. There is a retort between puddling and heating furnace for receiving cast metal preparatory to its being melted. For refining, a blast is introduced into the retort.

Improved processes for the manufacture of ammoniacal salts, and more particularly the sulphate of ammonia. A. M. Clark, Chancery Lane, Middlesex. (A communication from T. Moerman-Laubuhr, Antwerp, Belgium.) May 22, 1875.-No. 1888. The invention consists in the manufacture of cyanides and alkaline cyanates by means of the nitrogen of the air, and afterwards decomposing their cyanogen in a separate operation, in order to convert the nitrogen into ammonia, which then needs only to be fixed by means of acids and crystallised. Improvements in the means of and apparatus for the purification of gas. C. Woodall, Vauxhall, and T. Wills, Brixton, Surrey. May 24, 1875.-No. 1891. This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the better purification of gas from ammonia, carbonic acid, sulphuretted hydrogen, bisulphide of carbon, and their compounds, being accomplished by the injection into certain washers or scrubbers or system of washers or scrubbers, either of the ordinary or some special form of a combined jet or jets of steam and water, or of steam and ammoniacal liquor purified or not, or of sulphide of ammonium specially prepared, or of some other liquid purifying agent, calculated to remove any or all of the above-mentioned compounds. The use of water, purified ammoniacal liquor, or sulphide of ammonium is not new; but the application of these liquids through the intervention of a compound jet or jets, consisting of one tube inserted within another, the outer one being used for the delivery of the liquid and the inner one for the injection of the steam, whereby the gas is subjected to a more effectual washing, is new; as is also the use of crude ammoniacal liquor by means of the said jet or jets for the removal of sulphur compounds from gas which has been previously freed from carbonic acid. Improvements in the purification of gas, and in the preparation of materials to be used in the said purification. F. C. Hills, Deptford, Kent. May 24, 1875.-No. 1895. This invention consists in separating the sulphuretted hydrogen gas from the carbonic acid gas driven off

from gas-liquor while it is being purified by the processes protected

-by Letters Patent, Nos. 1369, 1868, and 934, 1874, and utilising such sulphuretted hydrogen gas to form sulphide of ammonium, which may be used for purifying gas from bisulphide of carbon. The sulphuretted hydrogen may also be used to form other sulphides, some of which (c.g., sulphide of calcium) are also useful for purifying gas from bisulphide of carbon. Sulphide of ammonium may also be made by passing the sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid gases driven off from the gas-liquor as aforesaid through scrubbers down which gasliquor is caused to pass.

Improvemenis in the manufacture of chlorine. H. Deacon, Appleton House, Widnes, Lancaster. May 25, 1875 -No. 1909. The essential feature of this invention consists in the employment for the production

95

of chlorine by what is known as Deacon's process of a mixture of compounds of copper in conjunction with salts or compounds of magnesia, the same being employed either in conjunction with porous substances impregnated with the same, or with magnesite, or with other solid compounds of magnesia, or with compounds of magnesia, or with compounds containing magnesia. Or instead of employing salts or compounds of magnesia in conjunction with salts or compounds of copper, as before referred to, salts of barium, or other elements of like chemical action, may be substituted.

Improvements in the treatment of salt or crude chloride of sodium preparatory to chemical processes, and in apparatus employed in such treatment. R. Milburn and H. Jackson, Pomeroy Street, New Cross Road, Surrey. May 26, 1875.-No. 1917. The inventors form balls of salt by means of a moulding machine. These balls are then dried in a stove on a travelling apron formed of hinged plates, which hang down when returning to the feeding end.

ST. HELENS, LANCASHIRE,

TOCHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS and CAPITALISTS. VALUABLE CHEMICAL WORKS AT ST. HELENS.

То

o be Sold by Auction, by Messrs. J. B. and B. Leach, at the Fleece Hotel, St. Helens, on Tuesday, the 12th September, 1876, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, subject to conditions then to be produced.

All that new and complete Chemical Manufactory known as the Merton Bank Alkali Works situate at Parr, St. Helens. The works are now in thorough and complete working order and condition, and comprise Back Ash and Caustic Sheds, Office Laboratory, Stable, Brick Chimney, Lime House, &c. The Plant includes three Black Ash Furnaces with pans over, six Black Ash Vats, eight Caustic Pots, two Liquor Tanks, two Cauticisers, Filters, Tanks, Steam Boiler 26 feet long, 8 feet diameter, 6 tons Weighing Machine, Fire-proof Safe, Office and Laboratory Fittings and Furniture.

The Premises adjoin the St. Helens and Widnes Canal, by which there is direct communication with the River Mersey, and there is a very considerable space for deposit of waste on the land, and an excellent supply of water on the premises.

The tenure is leasehold for two respective terms of 999 years from 1st November, 1871, and 1st August, 1874, subject to the respective rents of £35 14s. and £75. Total contents 17,106 superficial square yards of land or thereabouts.

The Mines are reserved to former owners with certain rights for getting the same.

The Premises may be inspected on application to the Watchman. Plans and Particulars may be obtained from the Auctioneers at their Offices, Manor Chambers, St. Helens, and 53, North John Street, Liverpool, Mr. J. M. Wilson, Surveyor, St. Helens, or from THOMAS BREWIS, Solicitor, St. Helens.

St. Helens, August, 1876.

M

awson and Swan are now able to supply

For

CROOKES'S RADIOMETER at 25s.

11 and 15, Mosley Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne. BUNGE'S IMPROVED BALANCE

or Chemical Analysis and Exact Weighing generally. The most sensitive, and in every respect most perfect balance. Agents for England: MAWSON and SWAN, Newcastleon-Tyne.

F. W. HART, Manufacturer and Dealer in

Apparatus and Chemicals for Scientific Pursuits. Laboratory Fitter and Furnisher. Photographic Apparatus and Materials. 8, KINGSLAND GREEN (WEST SIDE), LONDON.

MORRIS TANNENBAUM, 37, FITZROY

STREET, offers Jewellers, Mineralogists, Lapidaries, and specially Collectors of Rare Cut Gems (which he possesses in all existing kinds), large Collections of Fine Hyacinths in all Colours, Clear Spanish Topazes, Blue and Yellow Amethysts, Jargon, Olivine, Fossils, Fine Collections of Shells, Thousands of Indian Pebbles. Polished Agates, &c., Starstones and Catseyes, Garnets, Cape Rubies, Fine Slabs of Lapis Lazuli, Fine Emeralds in the Matrix, Fine Crystallised Rubies and Brazilian Topazes, and Thousands of Rare Opals. Specimens and for Cuttings. Orders effected to all parts of the world.

BE

ERNERS COLLEGE of CHEMISTRY.EXPERIMENTAL MILITARY and NAVAL SCIENCES, under the direction of Professor E. V. GARDNER, F.E.S., &c., of the late Royal Polytechnic Institution and the Royal Naval College' The Laboratory and Class Rooms are open from 11 to 5 a.m. and from 7 to 10 p.m.daily.

Especial facilities for persons preparing for Government and othe

examinations.

Private Pupils will find every convenience.

Analyses, Assays, and Practical Investigations connected with Patents, &c., conducted.

For prospectus, &c., apply to Prof.E V. G., 44, Berners-street, W

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GEOLOGY,

trate the new edition of Lyell's "Students' Elements of Geology, and facilitate the important study of this science, can be had at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 5000 guineas. Also single specimens of Rocks, Minerals, Fossils, and recent Shells. Geological Maps, Hammers, all the recent publications, &c., of J. Tennant, Mineralogist to Her Majesty, 149, Strand, London.

Practical Instruction is given in Geology and Mineralogy by Professor Tennant, F.R.G.S., at his residence, 149, Strand (W.C.).

Water-glass, or Soluble Silicates of Soda

and Potash, in large or small quantities, and either solid or in solution, at ROBERT RUMNEY'S, Ardwick Chemical Works, Manchester

ESTABLISHED 1798.

ROBERT DAGLISH & CO., BOILER MAKERS, ENGINEERS, AND

MILL-WRIGHTS,

BRASS AND IRONFOUNders,

ST. HELEN'S FOUNDRY, LANCASHire. Makers of every description of Chemical, Colliery, Copper Ore, Gold Mining and Glass Machinery, including Crown, German Sheet, and Plate Glass Plant, as supplied to some of the largest Firms in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

Makers of the latest Improved Revolving Black Ash Furnace With Siemens's Patent Gas Arrangement, and as used in the Manufacfure of Soda.

Improved Valveless Air Engines, and Pumps or Acid Forcing, Air Agitators, Compressors for Collieries, and Weldon's Patent Chlorine

Process.

Caustic, Chlorate, Decomposing, and Oxalic Pans.

Gas Producers for Heating Furnaces.

Pyrites Burners for Irish, Norwegian, and Spanish Ores.
Retorts, Acid Gas, Nitre, Nitric Acid, and Vitriol Refining.
Improved Steam Superheaters for Resin Refining, &c.
Improved Steam Sulphur Pans.

Photographs, and other information, supplied on receipt

of Orders.

S. A. SADLER,

CHEMICAL NEWS, ¡Sept. 1, 1876.

CLEVELAND CHEMICAL WORKS, MIDDLESBROUGH;

Newfall Tar Works, Carlton;

and Ammonia Works, Stockton-on-Tees.

Manufacturer of Benzole, Toluole, Xylol,

Solvent and Burning Naphthas, Carbolic Acid and Disinfecting Powder, Refined Anthracene, Naphthaline, Black Varnish, Refined Tar, Crude Liquid Ammonia, Galvanising Salts, Coal-Tar, Pitch Creosote, Grease, &c., &c.

S. A. S. is always a buyer of Coal-Tar Naphthas, Crude Anthracene, and all Tar Products.

All communications to be addressed to the offices at Middlesbrough. CHEMICAL LABORATORIES SUPPLIED WITH APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS

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