Le Bel, J. A., reply to certain Le Neve Foster, C., Henwoodite, pyrophyllite at Brookwood, and Leaves, fruits, and flowers of cer- Ledieu, A., study of the radiome- "Legal Chemistry" (review), 18 Lévy, A. M., origin of eruptive rocks, vitreous and crystalline, Light and heat, modifications of chemical force of, 195 Lighthouses, visibility of with Lighting by products from resin- Lime, fossil deposits of phosphate influence of salts of on sacchari- Lindros, T., investigation of the Lippmann, G., various theories Liquids, mutual solution of, 284 Liversidge, A.," Disease of Sugar- Lowe, J., quercitrin and querce- Loiseau, D., combustion of or- London University, 206, 251, 268 from St. Petersburg, 250 Lucas, R., anthracen testing, 267 Lucius, Meister, and Brüning's act quantity of pure anthracen Luminous flames, theory of, 152, Lunge, G., apparatus for making Index. Magnetisation, influence of tem- perature upon, 238 Magnets, circular, Duchemin's Malesci, M., and P. Chiappe, pre- chemistry in University of "Manure, Bone, Presence of Ar- Manzoni, G. S., reagents on the use of hydrosulphite of soda as a reagent in the analysis of Markownikoff, W., pyro-tartaric acid, normal oxy-pyro-tartaric Martin, A., Hunyadi János, Na- "Massachusetts, Report of State Meadows, B., "Errors of Homæo- Meat, occurrence of germs of the "Medicine, Retrospect of" (re- Meister, Lucius, and Brüning's method for ascertaining an- Meldola, R., the Chemical So- Melsens, M., reactions of chlo- rine under influence of porous Mercuric cyanide, action of phos- and arsenic, 167 Metallic copper, action of fatty oils on, 176, 200, 213 Metallisation of organic bodies to Meteoric iron, arragonite on the Meteorite, arragonite observed quality of the water of the, 216 Meyer, R., formation of aniline- Michael, A., and Norton, T. H., Michel, R. F., inconvenience of copper wire ropes as lightning Mignon and Rouart, MM., extrac- Milk trade, salicylic acid in, 142 Millet, A., and Curie, J., com- Milne, J.M.,presence of arsenic in Mines, coal, fire damp in, 110 nickel, from New Caledonia, 193 Minerals, American vanadium, 78 Molybdenum-pentachloride, use nature of the human corpse, Moscow, chemical laboratory of Mouchot, A., industrial applica- Moutchal, M., De Ruoiz, H., and action of water and saline solu- and its Preparation for Indus- Müntz, A., influence of certain Muso, G., and Manetti, L., sali- Muter, J., Prof. Dittmar and the coveries of Science" (review), silver alloy, 150 metallic, extracted from the ores Nicol, N. C., anthracen in coal- Nilson, L. F., plato nitrates and in water of the Thames, 82 Nitrogen, free, absorption of, by by the proximate principles of Nitrous acid upon acetanilide, Nolting, E., constitution of the Norton, T. H., and Michael, A., Odling, W.," Practical Chemistry Oils, essential, limited oxidation fatty, action of upon metallic Olivenite, pharmacosiderite, and O'Neill, C., "Textile Colourist" and J. Joubert, fermentation Paterno, E., and G. Briosy, on Paterson, G., analysis of iron de- Pattinson and Stead, barley in Pawloff, D., ethyl-isopropyl-ke- Peat and coal, quantitative ana- Pecile, D., presence of guanin in Pellet, H., determination of sul- equivalent substitution in ani- Peligot, E., action of boric acid Perkin, W. H., Address to Che- Petit and Dulong, law of, 9, 21 Pettengill, J., organisation among Pharmacosiderite, scorodite, and Phenol, action of homologues on Phenols, phthalic acid with the, Phenyl-ketone, para-tolyl deriva- sics and geology, 154 found at Arnsberg, 206 Planté, G., bead lightning, 134 Plants and animals, equivalent formation of ozone by the con- Plaster casts, prize for hardening, Plastic sulphur, 63 Platinum combustion tubes, 67, SI "Poisons, Detection of, and Ex- Polarimeter or saccharimeter, 284 Polytechnic School of Delft, 153 Portes, L., asparagin in sweet ་་ Potatoes, effect of temperature on Potassium and sodium iodides of paring, 154 92 231, 242, 249 oxides of, 203 Prinvault, M., Persian red, 10 on the working of chemical Prunier, L., researches on quer- Public Analysts, salaries of, 20 Puiseux, Jamin, and E. Becque- rel, MM., report of memoirs by Puchot, E., iodine as a reagent Reboul, M., derivatives of normal Routledge, R., " Science in Sport (review), 259 Rowan, F. J., analysis of water SACCHARIMETER or polari- meter, 284 Salet, G., experiments with the theory of spectral rays, 195 Saline solutions and water, action soap directly trom, 143 CHEMICAL NEWS, Jan. 5, 1877. Salts of lime, influence on saccha- rimetr, 9 Sanitary effects of Eucalyptus Sansoni, M., and G. Capellini, digo by hydro-sulphurous acid Schiff, B., compounds derived anthrapurpurin and flavopur- Schwarz, 11, determination of of theine in tea, 94 kainite and kalutz in Galicia, Science, British Association for "Science and Industry, Record "Science, Discoveries of and Mysteries of "Science, Key to Modern" re- Scientific information for ladies, Silver-oxide, bromine, and water, oxidation product of glycogen suspension of clay in water, 142 Smith, A., new process for e-ti- A. P., improved form of aspi- J. L., arragonite observed on compounds of carbon found in W.. R. F., estimation of potassium Soda, use of hydrosulphite of as manufacture of from seaweed 31 Index. Sodium and potassium, preparing | Spectroscope, blowpipe with, for iodides of, and bromide of action of on benzol, 24 Solar rays, maximum of the pos- 31 Sorby, H. C., and Hodgkinson, 203 action of ammonia upon oxidised product formed perties of by tempering, 81 Stibnite, evolution of antimony mineralogists, gr determination of lithium by tions of by means of the Swine, guanin in the urine of, 206 "Sydney City and Suburban of allantoin, 5t TANNIN, determination of, 250 Tellurous acid, action hydracids upon, 92, 133 of on the growth of potatoes, 155 Terras Mine, occurrence of phar- macosiderite, scorodite, and Thallium, preparation of, 250 on or heat colouration, 103, 132 upon metallic copper, 175, Thörner, W., derivatives of para- Tidy, C. M., composition and during the storm of August 18, m ca, 46 minerals, American, 78 WAGNER, J., distinctive re- action between reds from mann, emodin from the bark and E. T. Chapman," Water Prof. Dittmar and the Ana- lyst," 151, 183 Society of Public Analysts, 226 THE CHEMICAL NEWS. VOLUME XXXIV. EDITED BY WILLIAM CROOKES, F.R.S., &c. No. 867.-JULY 7, 1876. THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. WE referred last week to the fact that nine years ago there existed a similar state of affairs at the Chemical Society to that now existing. So precisely parallel are the two cases that the remarks we then made in this journal respecting the Charter and Bye-Laws of the Society are, we think, equally applicable to the present case. We therefore reproduce this article in the hope that a more careful consideration of the Charter and Bye-Laws will lead to the adoption of such measures as will render the recurrence of such disputes impossible. "On his admission, each Fellow received the regulations of the Society, together with sundry other formal documents; but we venture to say that not many looked at them a second time, and few will now be able to lay hands on a copy of the Charter and Rye-laws, to which we now propose to direct attention. When everything is going on smoothly the laws and regnlations of the Society are dormant. meeting is intended that which is now commonly called an ordinary' meeting. The term ordinary meeting' strictly means regular or customary meeting a general meeting means one public or common to the whole of the Fellows. Custom has sanctioned the omission of the word 'general' as qualifying the ordinary meetings, but it is still retained in Bye-law, which speaks of an extraordinary general meeting, which, logically and grammatically, can only mean a general meeting held extra, or in addition, to the ordinary bi-monthly meetings. "The term general meeting' occurs several times in the Charter, but nowhere do we find the terms ordinary' and 'anniversary', meetings. When, however, we refer to the regulations of other learned societies, no longer can there be any doubt as to the meaning of the term 'general' meeting. In the Charter of the Royal Society no mention is made of meetings of the members, ordinary, extraordinary, or general. But in the Charter of the Zoological Society the term 'general' meeting is used in a sense applicable only to ordinary meetings; and in the Bye-laws the monthly meetings of the Society are invariably spoken of as general meetings,' or ordinary general meetings.' In the Charters of the Linnæan and Geological Societies likewise the term By the third paragraph of the Charter of Incorpora-general meeting' is used to express the ordinary meettion, granted to the Society in 1848, it is declared "It now appears that for many years the Society has been acting contrary to the Charter in electing Fellows, honorary and foreign Members, and Associates, according to the existing Bye-laws. "That at all General Meetings and meetings of the Council the majority present and having a right to vote thereat respectively shall decide upon the matters propounded at such meetings.' Again, the concluding paragraph of the Charter declares "That no resolution or bye-law shall, on any account or pretence whatsoever, be made by the said body politic and corporate in opposition to the general scope, true intent and meaning of this our Charter; and that if any such rule or bye-law shall be made, the same shall be absolutely null and void to all intents, effects, constructions, and purposes whatsoever.' "Now, it is very evident that the Bye-law, making the election of a candidate depend upon the votes of threefourth of the Fellows present, is in direct contravention to the "true intent and meaning" of the first-quoted paragraph of the Charter; and therefore such Bye-law is, according to the terms of the second citation from the Charter, absolutely null and void to all intents, effects, constructions, and purposes whatsoever.' "But it may be argued that the third paragraph of the Charter refers only to anniversary meetings or extraordinary meetings of the Society. An attentive examination will, however, show that by the term 'general' ings of the members, and in the Bye-laws these are invariably termed 'general' meetings; the 9th section of the rules of the latter Society, in fact, state that the general meetings to be held by the Society shall be of 2. Special; 3. Ordinary.' three kinds :-1. Annual; It cannot, therefore, be doubted that the term 'general' meeting in the third paragraph of the Charter of the Chemical Society means the same as the term 'ordinary' meeting does in the Bye-laws. ་ "No one, we imagine, will dispute that the election of Fellows is a 'matter propounded' at a meeting upon which the majority present' are to decide. On the contrary, the question as to whether a candidate is to be admitted to the Fellowship of the Chemical Society is a very important matter propounded to those present who have a right to vote, and the question, above all others, which should be carried by a numerical majority. 'In strict logical interpretation, therefore, those candidates who were blackballed at the recent meetings of the Society were excluded from the Fellowship in error. A numerical majority of voters were in favour of their admission, and at the present time the blackballees are as strictly entitled to the letters F.C.S. as are any of the blackballers. "We confess we see only one course to be pursued in respect to the Bye-laws which remit the decision on such important matters as the election or removal of Fellows |